scholarly journals Aerobic exercise but not resistance exercise reduces intrahepatic lipid content and visceral fat and improves insulin sensitivity in obese adolescent girls: a randomized controlled trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (10) ◽  
pp. E1222-E1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
SoJung Lee ◽  
Anthony R. Deldin ◽  
David White ◽  
YoonMyung Kim ◽  
Ingrid Libman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Obese Adolescent ◽  
Intrahepatic Lipid

It is unclear whether regular exercise alone (no caloric restriction) is a useful strategy to reduce adiposity and obesity-related metabolic risk factors in obese girls. We examined the effects of aerobic (AE) vs. resistance exercise (RE) alone on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intrahepatic lipid, and insulin sensitivity in obese girls. Forty-four obese adolescent girls (BMI ≥95th percentile, 12–18 yr) with abdominal obesity (waist circumference 106.5 ± 11.1 cm) were randomized to 3 mo of 180 min/wk AE ( n = 16) or RE ( n = 16) or a nonexercising control group ( n = 12). Total fat and VAT were assessed by MRI and intrahepatic lipid by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Intermuscular AT (IMAT) was measured by CT. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by a 3-h hyperinsulinemic (80 mU·m2·min−1) euglycemic clamp. Compared with controls (0.13 ± 1.10 kg), body weight did not change ( P > 0.1) in the AE (−1.31 ± 1.43 kg) and RE (−0.31 ± 1.38 kg) groups. Despite the absence of weight loss, total body fat (%) and IMAT decreased ( P < 0.05) in both exercise groups compared with control. Compared with control, significant ( P < 0.05) reductions in VAT (Δ−15.68 ± 7.64 cm2) and intrahepatic lipid (Δ−1.70 ± 0.74%) and improvement in insulin sensitivity (Δ0.92 ± 0.27 mg·kg−1·min−1 per μU/ml) were observed in the AE group but not the RE group. Improvements in insulin sensitivity in the AE group were associated with the reductions in total AT mass ( r = −0.65, P = 0.02). In obese adolescent girls, AE but not RE is effective in reducing liver fat and visceral adiposity and improving insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss or calorie restriction.

scholarly journals Exercise training reduces intrahepatic lipid content in people with and people without nonalcoholic fatty liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. E165-E173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bram Brouwers ◽  
Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling ◽  
Tomas Jelenik ◽  
Anne Gemmink ◽  
Lauren M. Sparks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Intrahepatic Lipid ◽  
Total Muscle

Exercise training reduces intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content in people with elevated liver fat content. It is unclear, however, whether exercise training reduces IHL content in people with normal liver fat content. Here, we measured the effect of exercise training on IHL content in people with and people without nonalcohol fatty liver. We further measured changes in insulin sensitivity and hepatic energy metabolism. Eleven males with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and 11 body mass index-matched individuals without nonalcoholic fatty liver (CON) completed a 12-wk supervised exercise training program. IHL content (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy), maximal oxidative capacity (V̇o2max, spiroergometry), total muscle strength, body composition, insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), hepatic ATP-to-total phosphorus ratio, and the hepatic phosphomonoester-to-phosphodiester (PME/PDE) ratio (phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were determined. IHL content reduced with exercise training ( P = 0.014) in the whole study population. The relative reduction in IHL content was comparable in NAFL (−34.5 ± 54.0%) and CON (−28.3 ± 60.1%) individuals ( P = 0.800). V̇o2max ( P < 0.001), total muscle strength ( P < 0.001), and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity ( P = 0.004) increased, whereas adipose tissue ( P = 0.246) and hepatic ( P = 0.086) insulin sensitivity did not increase significantly. Hepatic ATP-to-total phosphorus ratio ( P = 0.987) and PME/PDE ratio ( P = 0.792) did not change. Changes in IHL content correlated with changes in body weight ( r = 0.451, P = 0.035) and changes in hepatic PME/PDE ratio ( r = 0.569, P = 0.019). In conclusion, exercise training reduced intrahepatic lipid content in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver and in people with normal intrahepatic lipid content, and the percent reduction in intrahepatic lipid content was similar in both groups.

scholarly journals Thrifty energy phenotype predicts weight regain - results of a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Spranger ◽  
Josephine Bredow ◽  
Ulrike Zeitz ◽  
Ulrike Grittner ◽  
Michael Boschmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Control Group

AbstractBackground & AimsWeight loss is associated with an improvement of insulin sensitivity. Both, a negative energy balance and changes of body composition are integrative components of weight loss interventions. However, the individual impact of these two components on insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism is unclear.MethodsWe performed a randomized controlled trial including 80 overweight or obese post-menopausal women. Participants randomly assigned to the intervention group underwent an 800 kcal/d liquid diet for 2 months followed by four weeks in which the formula diet was substituted by a calorie reduced healthy diet to facilitate further weight loss. This weight loss phase was followed by a 4-week weight maintenance phase, where weight stability was achieved by individualized daily caloric intake without negative energy balance. Volunteers of the control group were instructed to keep their weight stable during the entire period of 4 months. Metabolic phenotyping was performed in both groups at baseline (M0), after weight loss (M3) and after the maintenance period (M4). Additional phenotyping was performed during follow-up at 12 (M12) and 24 months (M24). Primary outcomes were changes of lean body mass (LBM) and changes of insulin sensitivity (ISIClamp) between baseline and M3 and M4. Estimates of energy metabolism were secondary endpoints.ResultsNo significant changes of body weight or LBM were found in the control group between any time points. A significant reduction of body weight, fat mass (FM) and LBM was found in the intervention group between M0 and M3, while no further change was seen between M3 and M4. Only subjects of the intervention group were characterized by an improvement of the second primary outcome ISIClamp at M3, which was preserved until M4. Notably, a lower resting energy expenditure per LBM (REELBM) at M3 as well as the individual difference of REELBM between M3 and M4 significantly predicted a stronger regain of fat mass during follow-up.ConclusionsIn summary, our data demonstrate that modulation of LBM and insulin sensitivity during weight loss is predominantly driven by changes in body weight and body composition, rather than an individual effect of negative energy balance. However, the variance in energy expenditure during negative and steady energy balance indicates a thrifty phenotype, which is highly susceptible to future regain of fat mass.

scholarly journals Diet-induced weight loss alters hepatic glucocorticoid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-457
Author(s):  
Andreas Stomby ◽  
Julia Otten ◽  
Mats Ryberg ◽  
Ruth Andrew ◽  
Brian R Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Cortisol Metabolism ◽  
Glucocorticoid Metabolism

Context Altered tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism has been described in uncomplicated obesity and type 2 diabetes. We hypothesized that weight loss induced by diet and exercise, which has previously been shown to reverse abnormal cortisol metabolism in uncomplicated obesity, also normalizes cortisol metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes. Objective Test the effects of a diet intervention with added exercise on glucocorticoid metabolism. Design Two groups followed a Paleolithic diet (PD) for 12 weeks with added 180 min of structured aerobic and resistance exercise per week in one randomized group (PDEX). Setting Umeå University Hospital. Participants Men and women with type 2 diabetes treated with lifestyle modification ± metformin were included. Twenty-eight participants (PD, n = 15; PDEX, n = 13) completed measurements of glucocorticoid metabolism. Main outcome measures Changes in glucocorticoid metabolite levels in 24-h urine samples, expression of HSD11B1 mRNA in s.c. adipose tissue and conversion of orally administered cortisone to cortisol measured in plasma. Body composition and insulin sensitivity were measured using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and liver fat was measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Both groups lost weight and improved insulin sensitivity. Conversion of orally taken cortisone to plasma cortisol and the ratio of 5α-THF + 5β-THF/THE in urine increased in both groups. Conclusions These interventions caused weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity with concomitant increases in the conversion of cortisone to cortisol, which is an estimate of hepatic HSD11B1 activity. This suggests that dysregulation of liver glucocorticoid metabolism in these patients is a consequence rather than a cause of metabolic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Interactive Online Dietician Weight Loss Advice in General Practice (LIVA) Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Brandt ◽  
Vibeke Brandt ◽  
Mathilde Pedersen ◽  
Dorte Glintborg ◽  
Søren Toubro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Complex Interventions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Practice Setting ◽  
Management Support ◽  
General Practice Setting

Background. Internet-based complex interventions aiming to promote weight loss and optimize healthy behaviors have attracted much attention. However, evidence for effect is lacking. Obesity is a growing problem, resulting in an increasing demand for cost efficient weight loss programs suitable for use on a large scale, for example, as part of standard primary care. In a previous pilot project by Brandt et al. (2011) without a control group, we examined the effects of online dietician counseling and found an average weight loss of 7.0 kg (95% CI: 4.6 to 9.3 kg) after 20 months. Aims and Methods. To analyze the effects of a complex intervention using trained dieticians in a general practice setting combined with internet-based interactive and personalized weight management support compared with conventional advice with a noninteractive internet support as placebo treatment in 340 overweight patients during a 2-year period. Primary endpoints are weight loss and lowering of cholesterol (LDL). We will also explore patients’ sociodemographics and use of the intervention as well as the health professionals’ views and perceptions of the intervention (their role and the advice and support that they provide). Perspective. The project will generate knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of a complex internet-based intervention in a general practice setting and on barriers and acceptability among professionals and patients.

scholarly journals Effects of self-conditioning techniques in promoting weight loss in patients with severe obesity: a randomized controlled trial protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bo ◽  
Farnaz Rahimi ◽  
Bice Properzi ◽  
Giuseppe Regaldo ◽  
Ilaria Goitre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Conditioning Approach

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Obesity is a worldwide epidemic; most obese individuals who lose weight after lifestyle educative treatments, soon regain it. Our aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of a training to teach self-conditioning technique (self-hypnosis) added to standard care in determining weight loss compared with standard care in patients with obesity</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled open trial will recruit 120 obese patients (BMI 35-50 Kg/m<sup>2</sup>), aged 20-70 years. The control group will receive a traditional approach: diet + exercise + behavioral recommendations. The experimental group will receive self-conditioning techniques + traditional approach.</p><p>Three individual sessions of hypnosis with rapid-induction techniques will be administered by trained personnel. All the participants of both groups will be assessed at three, six, nine and twelve months after randomization. The primary outcome is weight loss difference between groups at 12 months after randomization; secondary outcomes are changes in adherence to dietetic and exercise recommendations, appetite and satisfaction/well-being, waist circumference and body fat, blood pressure and blood metabolic and inflammatory variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this trial will assess whether a self-conditioning approach, based on self-hypnosis, is able to help participants to modulate unhealthy patterns of eating and sustain weight loss in the long term.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Reduced sCD36 following weight loss corresponds to improved insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia and liver fat in obese children

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1073-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Knøsgaard ◽  
K Kazankov ◽  
N H Birkebæk ◽  
P Holland-Fischer ◽  
A Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Obese Children

Abstract MP27: Cellphone Intervention for You (CITY): A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention by Cellphone or Personal Coaching for Young Adults

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P Svetkey ◽  
Stephen S Intille ◽  
Bryan C Batch ◽  
Leonor Corsino ◽  
Crystal C Tyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Personal Coaching ◽  
Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention

Background: Obesity affects young adults, leading to future morbidity and mortality. Early behavioral intervention may promote long-term weight control. Mobile technology-based (mHealth) interventions may be particularly effective in young adults. We compared both an mHealth behavioral weight loss intervention and a personal coaching weight loss intervention to no intervention (and to each other) in overweight/obese young adults. Methods: We randomized 365 generally healthy adults age 18-35 years with BMI > 25 kg/m2 (overweight or obese) to 24-months of intervention delivered primarily via investigator-designed cell phone (CP) or intervention delivered primarily via in-person (6 weekly) and by phone (23 monthly) coaching (PC), compared to usual care control group (Control). Primary outcome was weight change from baseline to 24 months. This study was conducted as part of the Early Adult Reduction of weight through LifestYle (EARLY) cooperative trials. Results: Randomized participants (N=365) had mean BMI 35 kg/m2, mean age 29yrs, were 70% women, 36% African American, 6% Latino. Final weight was obtained in 86%; missing weight was multiply imputed. At 24 months, weight loss was not different in either PC or CP vs Control (see Figure). Weight loss in PC was significantly greater than Control at 6 months. From baseline to 24 months, clinically significant weight loss (> 3% per national guidelines) occurred in 40% of PC, 34% of CP, and 30% of Control. Conclusions: mHealth alone may not be sufficient for weight loss in young adults but mHealth-enhanced contact with an interventionist has a modest short-term effect. Future interventions should maximize the complementarity of mHealth and personal contact to achieve larger and more sustained effect.

Endoscopic sutured gastroplasty in addition to lifestyle modification: short-term efficacy in a controlled randomised trial

Gut ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2020-322026
Author(s):  
Vincent Huberty ◽  
Ivo Boskoski ◽  
Vincenzo Bove ◽  
Pauline Van Ouytsel ◽  
Guido Costamagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveEndoscopic suture gastroplasty (ESG) has been developed as an alternative treatment for moderately obese patients. We present our results of a short-term randomised controlled trial on a new suturing technique, the Endomina system (E-ESG, Endo Tools therapeutics, Belgium).DesignEligible patients (body mass index 30–40 kg/m2) were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive lifestyle modification plus E-ESG or lifestyle modification alone (control group); dietetic counselling and follow-up were identical. Endpoints included a mean excess weight loss (EWL) of more than 25% 12 months after E-ESG and a 15% EWL difference at 6 months between groups. At 6 months, a cross-over to E-ESG was offered to the control group. All patients were followed for a total of 12 months after E-ESG.ResultsOf the 71 patients included (five male, mean age 40 years), mean EWL at 6 months was significantly higher in the treatment (38.6%, n=45) than in the control group (13.4%, n=21; p<0.001). At 6 months, satiety tests demonstrated a higher decrease in mean volume (41% vs 2.5%, p<0.001), and mean quality of life (QoL) was also higher in the treatment group (52.8 vs 45.1 p<0.05). No procedure-related or device-related severe adverse events were observed. Twelve months follow-up after E-ESG showed a mean EWL of 45.1%, which translated into a total body weight loss of 11.8%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that E-ESG is safe and effective, providing a 25% better EWL at 6 months than lifestyle modification alone. This weight loss was maintained and resulted in a significant improvement in QoL up to 18 months after treatment.Trial registration numberNCT03255005.

The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Weight Loss and Serum Lipid Levels in Overweight Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Hsiu Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Auricular Acupressure ◽  
Overweight Adolescents ◽  
Seed Method

Auricular acupressure is widely used to reduce body weight. The current study was designed to test the efficacy of auricular acupressure on weight reduction and serum total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), high density lipids (HDL) and low density lipids (LDL) in an eight-week, randomized controlled trial of three groups of 84 adolescents aged 18–20 with a body mass index (BMI) of 23 or higher. The control group received tape treatment only and the other two experimental groups were administered acupressure using either Japanese Magnetic Pearls or vaccaria seeds. All three groups were educated on reduced calorie diets, physical activity, weight loss, and lifestyle modification. During the eight-week trial, all participants were seen weekly for 10 min per session. Anthropometric measurements of BMI and TC, TG, HDL, and LDL were performed at weeks 0 and 8 for all participants. Changes in BMI, TC, TG, HDL, and LDL were calculated from baseline to trial completion. BMI was significantly increased in the control group by +0.0457 ( p < 0.0001), it was decreased in the Japanese Magnetic Pearl group by -0.6982 ( p < 0.0001) and the vaccaria seed group by -1.2341 ( p < 0.0001). All three groups showed significant increases in TC, TG, HDL, and LDL. In conclusion, the current study shows that auricular acupressure employing Japanese Magnetic Pearls or vaccaria seeds can decrease BMI, with the vaccaria seed method showing the greatest reduction. Auricular acupressure did not result in decreased TC, TG, HDL, or LDL in the current eight-week protocol.

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