Long-term light and moderate exercise intervention similarly prevent both hippocampal and glycemic dysfunction in pre-symptomatic type 2 diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrina Jesmin ◽  
Takeru Shima ◽  
Mariko Soya ◽  
Kanako Takahashi ◽  
Koki Omura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Oletf Rats ◽  
Increased Risk

A pre-diabetic population has an increased risk of cognitive decline as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study investigated whether the progression of memory dysfunction and dysregulated brain glycogen metabolism is prevented with four months of exercise intervention from the pre-symptomatic stage in T2DM rat model. Memory function and biochemical and molecular profiles were assessed in the pre-symptomatic stage of OLETF rats, a T2DM model, with LETO rats as genetic control. These rats were subjected to light- or moderate-intensity treadmill running for four months with repetition of the same experiments. Significant hippocampal-dependent memory dysfunction was observed in the pre-symptomatic stage of OLETF rats, accompanied by downregulated levels of hippocampal monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2), a neuronal lactate-transporter, without alteration in hippocampal glycogen levels. Four months of light or moderate exercise from the pre-symptomatic stage of T2DM normalized glycemic parameters and also hippocampal molecular normalization through MCT2, glycogen, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels with the improvement of memory dysfunction in OLETF rats. A four-month exercise regimen from the pre-symptomatic stage of T2DM at light and moderate intensities contributed to the prevention of the development of T2DM and the progression of cognitive decline with hippocampal lactate-transport and BDNF improvement.

SARS-COV-2 in type 2 diabetic patients: Possible roles of exercise training as a medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Kushkestani ◽  
Mohsen Parvani ◽  
Yaser Kazemzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Complications Rate

: SARS-COV-2 is the novel type of beta coronavirus that was first seen in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Type 2 Diabetics are one of the groups most vulnerable to SARS-COV-2 and its associated complications. Many factors such as medication, pathophysiologic-induced compensatory mechanisms, and alterations in protein expression and immune system function can all contribute to severe outcomes in diabetics. In this review article, we first described the possible mechanisms of increased risk and more severe complications rate of SARS-COV-2 in diabetic patients. Secondly, we discussed the crucial roles of exercise in diabetic patients and in balancing of RAS system (ACE2/ACE). Finally, we showed the possible roles of acute and chronic exercise in reducing SARS-COV-2 severe outcomes in diabetics in accordance with the latest evidence. We concluded that regular exercise (especially moderate-intensity exercise) can play immune enhancing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation roles and can balance ACE2/ACE ratio (decreasing ANG2 levels) in diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Oral Disease in Relation to Future Risk of Dementia and Cognitive Decline: Prospective Cohort Study Based on the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified-Release Controlled Evaluation (Advance) Trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-D. Batty ◽  
Q. Li ◽  
R. Huxley ◽  
S. Zoungas ◽  
B.-A. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
Controlled Evaluation

AbstractObjectiveExamine the association of oral disease with future dementia/cognitive decline in a cohort of people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 11,140 men and women aged 55–88 years at study induction with type 2 diabetes participated in a baseline medical examination when they reported the number of natural teeth and days of bleeding gums. Dementia and cognitive decline were ascertained periodically during a 5-year follow-up.ResultsRelative to the group with the greatest number of teeth (more than or equal to 22), having no teeth was associated with the highest risk of both dementia (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.48; 1.24, 1.78) and cognitive decline (1.39; 1.21, 1.59). Number of days of bleeding gums was unrelated to these outcomes.ConclusionsTooth loss was associated with an increased risk of both dementia and cognitive decline.

Supervised Short-term High-intensity Training on Plasma Irisin Concentrations in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Dünnwald ◽  
Andreas Melmer ◽  
Hannes Gatterer ◽  
Karin Salzmann ◽  
Christoph Ebenbichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Intensity Training

AbstractIrisin is a myokine involved in adipocyte transformation. Its main beneficial effects arise from increased energy expenditure. Irisin production is particularly stimulated by physical exercise. The present study investigates the changes of plasma irisin in type 2 diabetic patients performing 2 different training modalities. Fourteen type 2 diabetic patients underwent 4 week of supervised high-intensity interval training (HIT; n=8) or continuous moderate-intensity training (CMT; n=6), with equivalent total amounts of work required. Plasma samples were collected in the resting state atbaseline and one day after the exercise intervention to analyse resting plasma irisin, blood lipids, blood glucose, hsCRP, Adiponectin, Leptin and TNF-α concentrations. In addition, body composition and VO2peak were determined Resting plasma irisin increased after HIT (p=0.049) and correlated significantly with plasma fasting glucose at follow-up (r=0.763; p=0.006). CMT did not significantly change the amount of plasma irisin, although follow-up values of plasma irisin correlated negatively with fat-free mass (r=−0.827, p=0.002) and with fasting plasma glucose (r = − 0.934, p=0.006). Plasma irisin was found to increase with higher training intensity, confirming the assumption that exercise intensity, in addition to the type of exercise, may play an important role in the stimulation of the irisin response.

scholarly journals The effect of a novel low-volume aerobic exercise intervention on liver fat in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Sabag ◽  
Kimberley L. Way ◽  
Rachelle N. Sultana ◽  
Shelley E. Keating ◽  
James A. Gerofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Volume

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a novel low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or placebo (PLA) intervention on liver fat, glycaemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness using a randomised placebo-controlled design. <p>Research design and methods: Thirty-five inactive adults (54.6±1.4 years, 54% male; BMI 35.9±0.9kg/m2) with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomised to 12 weeks of supervised: MICT (n=12) at 60% VO<sub>2peak</sub> for 45 minutes, 3 days/week, HIIT (n=12) at 90% VO<sub>2peak</sub> for 4 minutes, 3 days/week, or PLA (n=11). Liver fat % was quantified via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p> <p>Results: Liver fat reduced in MICT (-0.9±0.7%) and HIIT (-1.7±1.1%) but increased in PLA (1.2±0.5%) (p = 0.046). HbA1c improved in MICT (-0.3±0.3%) and in HIIT (-0.3±0.3%) but not in PLA (0.5±0.2%) (p=0.014). Cardiorespiratory fitness improved in MICT (2.3±1.2 ml/kg/min) and HIIT (1.1±0.5 ml/kg/min) but not in PLA (-1.5±0.9 ml/kg/min) (p=0.006). </p> <p>Conclusions: MICT or a low-volume HIIT approach involving 12 minutes of weekly high-intensity exercise may improve liver fat, glycaemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes in the absence of weight loss. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between exercise-induced reductions in liver fat and improvements in glycaemia.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of a novel low-volume aerobic exercise intervention on liver fat in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Sabag ◽  
Kimberley L. Way ◽  
Rachelle N. Sultana ◽  
Shelley E. Keating ◽  
James A. Gerofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Volume

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a novel low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or placebo (PLA) intervention on liver fat, glycaemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness using a randomised placebo-controlled design. <p>Research design and methods: Thirty-five inactive adults (54.6±1.4 years, 54% male; BMI 35.9±0.9kg/m2) with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomised to 12 weeks of supervised: MICT (n=12) at 60% VO<sub>2peak</sub> for 45 minutes, 3 days/week, HIIT (n=12) at 90% VO<sub>2peak</sub> for 4 minutes, 3 days/week, or PLA (n=11). Liver fat % was quantified via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.</p> <p>Results: Liver fat reduced in MICT (-0.9±0.7%) and HIIT (-1.7±1.1%) but increased in PLA (1.2±0.5%) (p = 0.046). HbA1c improved in MICT (-0.3±0.3%) and in HIIT (-0.3±0.3%) but not in PLA (0.5±0.2%) (p=0.014). Cardiorespiratory fitness improved in MICT (2.3±1.2 ml/kg/min) and HIIT (1.1±0.5 ml/kg/min) but not in PLA (-1.5±0.9 ml/kg/min) (p=0.006). </p> <p>Conclusions: MICT or a low-volume HIIT approach involving 12 minutes of weekly high-intensity exercise may improve liver fat, glycaemia, and cardiorespiratory fitness in type 2 diabetes in the absence of weight loss. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between exercise-induced reductions in liver fat and improvements in glycaemia.</p>

Chronic Moderate Exercise Improves Memory Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 679
Author(s):  
Takeru Shima ◽  
Takashi Matsui ◽  
Liu Yu-Fan ◽  
Hideaki Soya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Memory Dysfunction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals The Effect of a Moderate Exercise Program on Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism in Dogs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481
Author(s):  
Zoran Vrbanac ◽  
Nika Brkljaca Bottegaro ◽  
Branimir Skrlin ◽  
Krunoslav Bojanic ◽  
Vesna Kusec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Bone Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise

The beneficial effect of physical activity on the musculoskeletal health in dogs is well recognized, but the level of intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise is not fully described. Measurement of serum markers of bone metabolism (bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin as bone formation markers and C-terminal telopeptide as bone resorption marker) during four months of organized moderate-intensity physical training in Labrador retriever and Golden retriever dogs aged between 11.7–24.4 months, showed variations of bone metabolism. Dogs were included in treadmill running sessions for 25 min, three times per week. Blood samples were taken at the beginning of the program (baseline), after two months (mid-term) and at the end of the study after four months. The values of bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin significantly decreased following two months of exercise program. Bone alkaline phosphatase increased by the end of four-month training cycle, but did not reach baseline value. Osteocalcin levels continued to decrease towards the end of the study. C-terminal telopeptide concentrations did not significantly change throughout the study duration. The results of this study show that aerobic exercise of moderate-intensity caused an initial decrease in bone formation followed by an increase of bone alkaline phosphatase and a further decrease of osteocalcin concentration. The response of two formation markers can be explained by the different stage of osteoblast activity that they express. In summary, moderate exercise resulted in no change in bone resorption, and a mild bone formation in young developing dogs.

The association between caffeine and cognitive decline: examining alternative causal hypotheses

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ritchie ◽  
M.L. Ancelin ◽  
H. Amieva ◽  
O. Rouaud ◽  
I. Carrière
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:Numerous studies suggest that higher coffee consumption may reduce the rate of aging-related cognitive decline in women. It is thus potentially a cheap and widely available candidate for prevention programs provided its mechanism may be adequately understood. The assumed effect is that of reduced amyloid deposition, however, alternative pathways notably by reducing depression and diabetes type 2 risk have not been considered.Methods:A population study of 1,193 elderly persons examining depressive symptomatology, caffeine consumption, fasting glucose levels, type 2 diabetes onset, serum amyloid, and factors known to affect cognitive performance was used to explore alternative causal models.Results:Higher caffeine consumption was found to be associated with decreased risk of incident diabetes in men (HR = 0.64; 95% CI 0.42–0.97) and increased risk in women (HR = 1.51; 95% CI 1.08–2.11). No association was found with incident depression. While in the total sample lower ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 levels (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.77, p = 0.02) were found in high caffeine consumers, this failed to reach significance when the analyses were stratified by gender.Conclusions:We found no evidence that reduced risk of cognitive decline in women with high caffeine consumption is moderated or confounded by diabetes or depression. The evidence of an association with plasma beta amyloid could not be clearly demonstrated. Insufficient proof of causal mechanisms currently precludes the recommendation of coffee consumption as a public health measure. Further research should focus on the high estrogen content of coffee as a plausible alternative explanation.

The Effect of Exercise and Distraction on Blood Pressure Recovery Following an Anger-Provoking Stressor in Normotensive Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye S. Routledge ◽  
Judith A. McFetridge-Durdle ◽  
Marilyn Macdonald ◽  
Lynn Breau ◽  
Tavis Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
State Anger ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anger Reactivity ◽  
Quiet Sitting

Ruminating about a prior anger provoking event is found to elevate blood pressure (BP) and delay BP recovery. Delayed BP recovery may be associated with increased risk of hypertension. Interventions that improve BP recovery may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the influence of rumination and anger on BP reactivity and recovery, to compare the effect of an exercise intervention or distraction intervention on BP recovery and to explore if exercise improved BP recovery by distracting participants from stressor-related rumination and anger. Healthy, normotensive participants (n = 79, mean age 22.2 ± 4.0 years) underwent an anger-recall interview stressor task, 3 min of exercise (walking), distraction (reading) or no-intervention (quiet sitting) and a 15 min recovery period. State anger reactivity was associated with Δ diastolic (D) BP reactivity and approached significance with Δ systolic (S) BP reactivity. Trait rumination was associated with greater SBP during recovery. Δ SBP recovery did not differ between the exercise, distraction and no-intervention groups. Although there were no differences in Δ DBP recovery between the exercise and no-intervention groups, distraction improved Δ DBP recovery compared to the exercise intervention but not the no-intervention. The proportion of anger-related thoughts (state rumination) in the exercise group did not differ from the distraction or no-intervention groups. However, a smaller proportion of participants in the distraction intervention reported an anger-related thought during recovery compared to the no-intervention group with 76% of their thoughts relating to the provided distraction. Overall, post-stressor exercise was not found to improve BP recovery while reading was effective at distracting individuals from angry thoughts (state rumination) but had no effect on BP compared to no-intervention.

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