scholarly journals Regulation of direct adipose tissue free fatty acid storage during mixed meal ingestion and high free fatty acid concentration conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Kazanna C. Hames ◽  
Michael D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Dgat Activity ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Meal Ingestion ◽  
Active Adults

Direct free fatty acid (FFA) storage into adipocytes relates to body fat distribution. Adipose tissue CD36, acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), and diacylglycerol acetyl-transferase (DGAT) may account for some of the between-depot and inter-individual variability in FFA storage. These studies were to test whether CD36, ACS or DGAT might be important for direct palmitate storage under meal-ingestion or high FFA conditions. We measured upper (UBSQ) and lower body subcutaneous (LBSQ) adipose tissue FFA storage rates by infusing palmitate tracers intravenously and performing adipose biopsies under hypoinsulinemic (high FFA) and mixed meal conditions. We recruited 5 postmenopausal women, physically active males (5) and females (5), and sedentary males (5) and females (5). We found: 1) the ratio of UBSQ to LBSQ DGAT activity predicted the ratio of palmitate storage (adjusted R = 0.25, F = 8.0, P = 0.01, 95% CI (0.07, 0.48)) under high FFA conditions; 2) the ratio of UBSQ to LBSQ ACS activity predicted the ratio of palmitate storage under meal conditions (adjusted R = 0.18, F = 6.3, P = 0.02, 95% CI (0.12, 1.28); 3) LBSQ direct palmitate storage rates were significantly less in physically active than sedentary adults; 3); 4) adipose tissue CD36 protein content, ACS or DGAT activities did not independently predict palmitate storage rates. We conclude that physically active adults have lesser fatty acid cycling back into adipose tissue and that adipose ACS and DGAT may affect competition between UBSQ and LBSQ adipose for direct palmitate storage.

Effects of epinephrine on regional free fatty acid and energy metabolism in men and women

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. E259-E264 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Jensen ◽  
P. E. Cryer ◽  
C. M. Johnson ◽  
M. J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Men And Women

Upper-body and lower-body adipocytes respond differently to physiological catecholamines in vitro. It is not known whether this is true in vivo or whether gender differences exist in the regional adipose tissue responses to epinephrine. These studies were therefore conducted to examine free fatty acid (FFA) release ([3H]palmitate) from lower-body (leg), splanchnic, and upper-body adipose tissue in normal-weight adult men (n = 8) and women (n = 7). In response to intravenous epinephrine (10 ng.kg-1.min-1), palmitate release increased (P < 0.01) in both men (168 +/- 10 to 221 +/- 15 mumol/min) and women (177 +/- 12 to 234 +/- 18 mumol/min). Basal leg palmitate release was similar in women and men (16.8 +/- 2.9 and 12.4 +/- 1.3 mumol/min, P = not significant) but doubled (P < 0.01) in response to epinephrine in men and was virtually unchanged in women. Splanchnic palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in men (n = 6) but not in women (n = 6), whereas nonsplanchnic upper-body palmitate release increased more in women than in men. Upper-body (splanchnic and nonsplanchnic) palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in both men and women in response to epinephrine. In summary, lower-body adipose tissue FFA release increased in response to epinephrine in men but not women, whereas upper-body palmitate release increased in both groups. These findings are consistent with some in vitro findings and suggest that catecholamine action may play a role in determining gender-based differences in body fat distribution.

scholarly journals Clearing-factor lipase in adipose tissue. A possible role of adenosine 3′,5′-(cyclic)-monophosphate in the regulation of its activity

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Wing ◽  
D S Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Fat Bodies

1. The rise in clearing-factor lipase activity that occurs when epididymal fat bodies from starved rats are incubated in appropriate media in vitro is inhibited in the presence of 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP (1mm). 2. Inhibition occurs at a concentration of glucose in the incubation medium of 1·3mg./ml. or less, but not at a glucose concentration of 2·4mg./ml., unless caffeine (1mm), an inhibitor of 3′,5′-(cyclic)-nucleotide phosphodiesterase, is also present. Caffeine (5mm) alone inhibits the rise in clearing-factor lipase activity at a glucose concentration of 2·4mg./ml. of medium. 3. The concentration of free fatty acids in the epididymal fat bodies normally falls during incubations in vitro as the rise in clearing-factor lipase activity occurs. In the presence of 1mm-6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP, however, either the tissue free fatty acid concentration is increased or it does not fall to the same extent. The concentration of glucose in the incubation medium is important in determining the direction and extent of the changes in tissue free fatty acid concentration that occur in the presence of 6-N-2′-O-dibutyryl-3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP. 4. Free fatty acid concentrations in epididymal fat bodies in vivo rise as the clearing-factor lipase activity of the tissue falls during starvation. 5. The possibility that the concentration of 3′,5′-(cyclic)-AMP in adipose tissue may regulate clearing-factor lipase activity, and that the regulation may occur through effects of the nucleotide on tissue free fatty acid concentrations, is discussed.

scholarly journals Cellular retinol-binding protein type III is a PPARγ target gene and plays a role in lipid metabolism

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (6) ◽  
pp. E1358-E1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia F. Zizola ◽  
Gary J. Schwartz ◽  
Silke Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Cellular Retinol Binding Protein

Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) type III (CRBP-III) belongs to the family of intracellular lipid-binding proteins, which includes the adipocyte-binding protein aP2. In the cytosol, CRBP-III binds retinol, the precursor of retinyl ester and the active metabolite retinoic acid. The goal of the present work is to understand the regulation of CRBP-III expression and its role in lipid metabolism. Using EMSAs, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we found that CRBP-III is a direct target of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Moreover, CRBP-III expression was induced in adipose tissue of mice after treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone. To examine a potential role of CRBP-III in regulating lipid metabolism in vivo, CRBP-III-deficient (C-III-KO) mice were maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD). Hepatic steatosis was decreased in HFD-fed C-III-KO compared with HFD-fed wild-type mice. These differences were partly explained by decreased serum free fatty acid levels and decreased free fatty acid efflux from adipose tissue of C-III-KO mice. In addition, the lack of CRBP-III was associated with reduced food intake, increased respiratory energy ratio, and altered body composition, with decreased adiposity and increased lean body mass. Furthermore, expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue was increased in C-III-KO mice, and C-III-KO mice were more cold tolerant than wild-type mice fed an HFD. In summary, we demonstrate that CRBP-III is a PPARγ target gene and plays a role in lipid and whole body energy metabolism.

Influence of Free Fatty Acid Concentrations and Weight Loss on Adipose Tissue Direct Free Fatty Acid Storage Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyi Jia ◽  
B Gisella Carranza Leon ◽  
Michael D Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Abstract Context The factors that determine the recycling of free fatty acids (FFA) back into different adipose tissue depots via the direct storage pathway are not completely understood. Objective To assess the interactions between adipocyte factors and plasma FFA concentrations that determine regional FFA storage rates. Design We measured direct adipose tissue FFA storage rates before and after weight loss under high FFA (intravenous somatostatin and epinephrine) and low (intravenous insulin and glucose) FFA concentrations. Setting Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Unit. Patients Sixteen premenopausal women, BMI 30 - 37 kg/m 2. Intervention Comprehensive lifestyle weight loss program. Main Outcome Measure Direct FFA storage rates in upper and lower body subcutaneous fat. Results Over the entire range of FFA and under isolated conditions of elevated FFA concentrations the storage rates of FFA into upper and lower body subcutaneous fat per unit lipid were associated with concentrations, not adipocyte fatty acid storage factors. Under low FFA conditions, direct FFA storage rates were related to adipocyte CD36 content, not tissue level content of fatty acid storage factors. Weight loss did not change these relationships. Conclusions The regulation of direct FFA storage under low FFA concentration conditions appears to be at the level of the cell/adipocyte content of CD36, whereas under high FFA concentration conditions direct FFA storage at the tissue level is predicted by plasma FFA concentrations, independent of adipocyte size or fatty acid storage factors. These observations offer novel insights into how adipose tissue regulates direct FFA storage in humans.

Effect of aging on lipid composition and metabolism in the adipose tissues of the rat

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Benjamin ◽  
Alfred Gellhorn ◽  
Mary Wagner ◽  
Harold Kundel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissues

Lipid metabolism and chemistry was studied in adipose tissues of the rat from the age of 38 days to 647 days. Aging process was characterized by a marked decrease in lipid synthesis from acetate, a reduction in the proportion of glucose metabolized by the pentose phosphate pathway, and a lower rate of palmitate incorporation into the mixed lipids. Oxidation of palmitic acid to CO2 and release of free fatty acid by epididymal fat was the same in young and old tissues under control conditions; when, however, glucose was absent from the medium or when epinephrine was added, there was a significantly greater rate of palmitic acid oxidation and free fatty acid release by young compared to old adipose tissue. Rate of acetate incorporation into mixed lipids by multiple adipose tissue sites was determined at different ages. Consistently greater rates of lipid biosynthesis were found in the epididymal, perirenal, mesenteric and interscapular adipose tissues than in subcutaneous fat at all ages. Rate of lipid synthesis by the interscapular fat (unlike any of the other depots) remained high at all ages studied. A greater proportion of short chain fatty acids was found in adipose tissues from young rats than in the old. This was related to fatty acid composition of rat milk.

scholarly journals Enhanced Fatty Acid Flux Triggered by Adiponectin Overexpression

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoba Shetty ◽  
Maria A. Ramos-Roman ◽  
You-Ree Cho ◽  
Jonathan Brown ◽  
Jorge Plutzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Triglyceride Synthesis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Brown Adipose

Adiponectin overexpression in mice increases insulin sensitivity independent of adiposity. Here, we combined stable isotope infusion and in vivo measurements of lipid flux with transcriptomic analysis to characterize fatty acid metabolism in transgenic mice that overexpress adiponectin via the aP2-promoter (ADNTg). Compared with controls, fasted ADNTg mice demonstrated a 31% reduction in plasma free fatty acid concentrations (P = 0.008), a doubling of ketones (P = 0.028), and a 68% increase in free fatty acid turnover in plasma (15.1 ± 1.5 vs. 25.3 ± 6.8 mg/kg · min, P = 0.011). ADNTg mice had 2-fold more brown adipose tissue mass, and triglyceride synthesis and turnover were 5-fold greater in this organ (P = 0.046). Epididymal white adipose tissue was slightly reduced, possibly due to the approximately 1.5-fold increase in the expression of genes involved in oxidation (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α, and uncoupling protein 3). In ADNTg liver, lipogenic gene expression was reduced, but there was an unexpected increase in the expression of retinoid pathway genes (hepatic retinol binding protein 1 and retinoic acid receptor beta and adipose Cyp26A1) and liver retinyl ester content (64% higher, P &lt; 0.02). Combined, these data support a physiological link between adiponectin signaling and increased efficiency of triglyceride synthesis and hydrolysis, a process that can be controlled by retinoids. Interactions between adiponectin and retinoids may underlie adiponectin's effects on intermediary metabolism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document