Storage of Circulating Free Fatty Acid in Adipose Tissue of Postabsorptive Humans: Quantitative Measures and Implications for Body Fat Distribution

Although body fat distribution strongly predicts metabolic health outcomes related to excess weight, little is known about the factors an individual might exhibit that predict a particular fat distribution pattern. We utilized the meal fatty acid tracer-adipose biopsy technique to assess upper and lower body subcutaneous (UBSQ and LBSQ, respectively) meal fat storage in lean volunteers who then were overfed to gain weight. Meal fatty acid storage in UBSQ and LBSQ adipose tissue, as well as daytime substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), was measured in 28 nonobese volunteers [ n = 15 men, body mass index = 22.1 ± 2.5 (SD)] before and after an ∼8-wk period of supervised overfeeding (weight gain = 4.6 ± 2.2 kg, fat gain = 3.8 ± 1.7 kg). Meal fat storage (mg/g adipose tissue lipid) in UBSQ ( visit 1: 0.78 ± 0.34 and 1.04 ± 0.71 for women and men, respectively, P = 0.22; visit 2: 0.71 ± 0.24 and 0.90 ± 0.37 for women and men, respectively, P = 0.08) and LBSQ ( visit 1: 0.60 ± 0.23 and 0.48 ± 0.29 for women and men, respectively, P = 0.25; visit 2: 0.62 ± 0.24 and 0.65 ± 0.23 for women and men, respectively, P = 0.67) adipose tissue did not differ between men and women at either visit. Fractional meal fatty acid storage in UBSQ (0.31 ± 0.15) or LBSQ (0.19 ± 0.13) adipose tissue at visit 1 did not predict the percent change in regional body fat in response to overfeeding. These data indicate that meal fat uptake trafficking in the short term (24 h) is not predictive of body fat distribution patterns. In general, UBSQ adipose tissue appears to be a favored depot for meal fat deposition in both sexes, and redistribution of meal fatty acids likely takes place at later time periods.

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AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 expression in adipose tissue: association with body fat distribution and regulatory variants

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.mce.2021.111220 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111220

Author(s):

Giada Ostinelli ◽

Jinchu Vijay ◽

Marie-Claude Vohl ◽

Elin Grundberg ◽

Andre Tchernof

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Regulatory Variants

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Serum levels of WISP1/CCN4 in subjects with type 2 diabetes: the relationships with body fat distribution and adipose tissue dysfunction

2018 11th International Multiconference Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology (BGRS\SB) ◽

10.1109/csgb.2018.8544817 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

V.V. Klimontov ◽

D.M. Bulumbaeva ◽

A.P. Lykov ◽

O.N. Fazullina ◽

N.P. Bgatova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

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Effects of epinephrine on regional free fatty acid and energy metabolism in men and women

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.2.e259 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 270 (2) ◽

pp. E259-E264 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. D. Jensen ◽

P. E. Cryer ◽

C. M. Johnson ◽

M. J. Murray

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Upper Body ◽

Lower Body ◽

Men And Women

Upper-body and lower-body adipocytes respond differently to physiological catecholamines in vitro. It is not known whether this is true in vivo or whether gender differences exist in the regional adipose tissue responses to epinephrine. These studies were therefore conducted to examine free fatty acid (FFA) release ([3H]palmitate) from lower-body (leg), splanchnic, and upper-body adipose tissue in normal-weight adult men (n = 8) and women (n = 7). In response to intravenous epinephrine (10 ng.kg-1.min-1), palmitate release increased (P < 0.01) in both men (168 +/- 10 to 221 +/- 15 mumol/min) and women (177 +/- 12 to 234 +/- 18 mumol/min). Basal leg palmitate release was similar in women and men (16.8 +/- 2.9 and 12.4 +/- 1.3 mumol/min, P = not significant) but doubled (P < 0.01) in response to epinephrine in men and was virtually unchanged in women. Splanchnic palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in men (n = 6) but not in women (n = 6), whereas nonsplanchnic upper-body palmitate release increased more in women than in men. Upper-body (splanchnic and nonsplanchnic) palmitate release increased (P < 0.05) in both men and women in response to epinephrine. In summary, lower-body adipose tissue FFA release increased in response to epinephrine in men but not women, whereas upper-body palmitate release increased in both groups. These findings are consistent with some in vitro findings and suggest that catecholamine action may play a role in determining gender-based differences in body fat distribution.

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The associations of the gut microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid concentrations with body fat distribution in children

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.014 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuanhuan Wei ◽

Jingjing Liang ◽

Yixiang Su ◽

Jue Wang ◽

William Kwame Amakye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Body Fat ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Chain Fatty Acid ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

Short Chain ◽

Microbiome Composition

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Regulation of direct adipose tissue free fatty acid storage during mixed meal ingestion and high free fatty acid concentration conditions

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00408.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Zhang ◽

Kazanna C. Hames ◽

Michael D. Jensen

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Dgat Activity ◽

Mixed Meal ◽

Physically Active ◽

Meal Ingestion ◽

Active Adults

Direct free fatty acid (FFA) storage into adipocytes relates to body fat distribution. Adipose tissue CD36, acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), and diacylglycerol acetyl-transferase (DGAT) may account for some of the between-depot and inter-individual variability in FFA storage. These studies were to test whether CD36, ACS or DGAT might be important for direct palmitate storage under meal-ingestion or high FFA conditions. We measured upper (UBSQ) and lower body subcutaneous (LBSQ) adipose tissue FFA storage rates by infusing palmitate tracers intravenously and performing adipose biopsies under hypoinsulinemic (high FFA) and mixed meal conditions. We recruited 5 postmenopausal women, physically active males (5) and females (5), and sedentary males (5) and females (5). We found: 1) the ratio of UBSQ to LBSQ DGAT activity predicted the ratio of palmitate storage (adjusted R = 0.25, F = 8.0, P = 0.01, 95% CI (0.07, 0.48)) under high FFA conditions; 2) the ratio of UBSQ to LBSQ ACS activity predicted the ratio of palmitate storage under meal conditions (adjusted R = 0.18, F = 6.3, P = 0.02, 95% CI (0.12, 1.28); 3) LBSQ direct palmitate storage rates were significantly less in physically active than sedentary adults; 3); 4) adipose tissue CD36 protein content, ACS or DGAT activities did not independently predict palmitate storage rates. We conclude that physically active adults have lesser fatty acid cycling back into adipose tissue and that adipose ACS and DGAT may affect competition between UBSQ and LBSQ adipose for direct palmitate storage.

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Epicardial Adipose Tissue Extent: Relationship With Age, Body Fat Distribution, and Coronaropathy

Obesity ◽

10.1038/oby.2008.379 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 2424-2430 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Alina Silaghi ◽

Marie-Dominique Piercecchi-Marti ◽

Michel Grino ◽

Georges Leonetti ◽

Marie C. Alessi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Fat ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Body Fat Distribution

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Circulating betatrophin/ANGPTL8 levels correlate with body fat distribution in individuals with normal glucose tolerance but not those with glucose disorders

10.21203/rs.2.18944/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jing Zheng ◽

Juan Liu ◽

Beverly S Hong ◽

Yanbing Li

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Body Fat Distribution ◽

The Body ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Normal Glucose

Abstract Background: The relationship between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 and obesity has been investigated using body mass index (BMI); however, since BMI reflects overall adiposity rather than body fat distribution, it remains unclear whether fat deposition in different areas of the body affects betatrophin expression. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating betatrophin levels and body fat distribution in patients with different glucose tolerance. Methods: In 128 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 64) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 64), we measured circulating betatrophin levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and body fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, and limb fat) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a body fat meter. Results: After controlling for age, sex, and BMI, betatrophin was correlated positively with visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ( VAT/SAT ratio; r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and negatively with body fat ratio (BFR; r = -0.275, p = 0.035), left lower limb fat ratio (LLR; r = -0.330, p = 0.011), and right lower limb fat ratio (RLR; r = -0.288, p = 0.027) in the NGT group, with these correlations remaining after controlling for triglycerides. VAT/SAT ratio (standardized β = 0.419, p = 0.001) was independently associated with serum betatrophin levels; however, betatrophin was not associated with body fat distribution variables in the IGT group. Conclusions: Circulating betatrophin levels correlated positively with VAT/SAT ratio and negatively with lower limb fat, but not subcutaneous or upper limb fat, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, betatrophin may be a potential biomarker for body fat distribution in individuals without glucose disorders.

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