Mechanism of enhanced lipolysis in adipose tissue of exercise-trained rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. E422-E429 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bukowiecki ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
N. Follea ◽  
A. Paradis ◽  
D. Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Stimulus Recognition

The effects of exercise training and food restriction on the regulation of lipolysis were studied comparatively in adipocytes isolated from male and female rats. Exercise training inhibited cell proliferation in parametrial, but not in epididymal adipose tissue, whereas it significantly reduced adipocyte size in both fat depots. Adipocyte capacity for responding lipolytically to epinephrine (10 microns) or to ACTH (1 micron) was markedly increased by exercise training. Enhanced lipolysis was also observed when cells isolated from exercise-trained animals were stimulated by bypassing with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 mM) or theophylline (5 mM) the early metabolic steps associated with hormonal activation of the adenylate cyclase complex. Significantly, binding of (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol to cellular receptor sites was not affected by exercise training. It is therefore concluded that exercise training increases adipocyte responsiveness to lipolytic hormones at a metabolic step distal to stimulus recognition by adrenoreceptors, possibly at the level of protein kinases or lipases. Food restriction markedly reduced adipocyte size and partially mimicked the effects of exercise training on adipocyte proliferation and lipolysis.

Early weaning alters the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue in adult male and female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2207-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Peixoto ◽  
C. B. Pietrobon ◽  
I. M. Bertasso ◽  
F. A. H. Caramez ◽  
C. Calvino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Exercise training and incidence of cerebrovascular lesions in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1080-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Tipton ◽  
S. McMahon ◽  
J. R. Leininger ◽  
E. L. Pauli ◽  
C. Lauber
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Subjective Evidence

To assess the effects of moderate exercise [40-70% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)] on resting blood pressures, the presence of cerebrovascular lesions, and the life spans of stroke-prone hypertensive rats, nontrained and trained male and female rats were assigned to two experimental groups. The first (n = 48) were exercise trained after 38 days of age, whereas the second (n = 44) initiated exercise training when the animals were 134 days of age. To facilitate cerebrovascular lesions, the sodium concentrations in the rat chow and in the drinking solutions were increased. Symptoms utilized to denote the presence of cerebrovascular lesions were irritability, hyperresponsiveness, ataxia, lethargy, unwillingness to run, and combinations thereof. All brains were removed immediately after death, fixed, and evaluated grossly and microscopically for lesions. In the study with the younger animals, training was associated with a 7-9% increase in VO2max that was statistically significant only in animals with no histological evidence of cerebrovascular lesions. For the older animals, a significant 5-8% increase in VO2max was noted for animals with or without lesions. After 42 days of training for both groups, resting blood pressures for the trained groups with histological lesions were significantly lower. However, this trend did not continue, and the older trained rats appeared to have strokes earlier and to die sooner than their nontrained controls. Although 83% of the older animals had subjective evidence for a stroke before they died, the percentage of animals with lesions ranged from 42 to 58%, with the trained groups having higher percentages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of PAPP-A Protects Against Visceral Obesity in Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhila Ramakrishna ◽  
Laurie K Bale ◽  
Sally A West ◽  
Cheryl A Conover
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

Abstract Pathogenicity of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to the metabolic stress of enlarging mature adipocytes and a limited ability to recruit new adipocytes. One of the major distinguishing features of VAT preadipocytes is the high expression of the zinc metalloprotease, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), when compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). In this study we used 2 different approaches to investigate the effect of PAPP-A inhibition on different fat depots in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. Conditional knockdown of PAPP-A gene expression in female adult mice resulted in significant decreases of 30% to 40% in adipocyte size in VAT (mesenteric and pericardial depots) compared to control mice. There was no effect on SAT (inguinal) or intra-abdominal perigonadal fat. Liver lipid was also significantly decreased without any effect on heart and skeletal muscle lipid. We found similar effects when using a pharmacological approach. Weekly injections of a specific immunoneutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb-PA 1/41) or isotype control were given to male and female wild-type mice on HFD for 15 weeks. Adipocyte size was significantly decreased (30%-50%) only in VAT with mAb-PA 1/41 treatment. In this model, cell number was significantly increased in mesenteric fat in mice treated with mAb-PA 1/41, suggesting hyperplasia along with reduced hypertrophy in this VAT depot. Gene expression data indicated a significant decrease in F4/80 (macrophage marker) and interleukin-6 (proinflammatory cytokine) and a significant increase in adiponectin (anti-inflammatory adipokine with beneficial metabolic effects) in mesenteric fat compared to inguinal fat in mice treated with mAb-PA 1/41. Furthermore, there was significantly decreased liver lipid content with mAb-PA 1/41 treatment. Thus, using 2 different models systems we provide proof of principle that PAPP-A inhibition is a potential therapeutic target to prevent visceral obesity and its metabolic sequelae, such as fatty liver.

scholarly journals Changes in adipose tissue physiology during the first two weeks posthatch in chicks from lines selected for low or high body weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. R802-R818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xiao ◽  
Guoqing Wang ◽  
Miranda E. Gerrard ◽  
Sarah Wieland ◽  
Mary Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein

Chickens from lines selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight (BW) differ in appetite and adiposity. Mechanisms associated with the predisposition to becoming obese are unclear. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate developmental changes in depot-specific adipose tissue during the first 2 wk posthatch. Subcutaneous (SQ), clavicular (CL), and abdominal (AB) depots were collected at hatch (DOH) and days 4 (D4) and 14 (D14) posthatch for histological and mRNA measurements. LWS chicks had decreased SQ fat mass on a BW basis with reduced adipocyte size from DOH to D4 and increased BW and fat mass with unchanged adipocyte size from D4 to D14. HWS chicks increased in BW from DOH to D14 and increased in fat mass in all three depots with enlarged adipocytes in the AB depot from D4 to D14. Meanwhile, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, neuropeptide Y, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mRNAs differed among depots between lines at different ages. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids were greater in LWS than HWS at D4 and D14. From DOH to D4, LWS chicks mobilized SQ fat and replenished the reservoir through hyperplasia, whereas HWS chicks were dependent on hyperplasia and hypertrophy to maintain adipocyte size and depot mass. From D4 to D14, adipose tissue catabolism and adipogenesis slowed. Whereas LWS fat depots and adipocyte sizes remained stable, HWS chicks rapidly accumulated fat in CL and AB depots. Chicks predisposed to be anorexic or obese have different fat development patterns during the first 2 wk posthatch.

Sex difference in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat and human adipocytes

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. E211-E215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Foley ◽  
A. Kashiwagi ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
T. P. Huecksteadt ◽  
S. Lillioja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Subjects

In an effort to determine whether differences in basal and maximum insulin-stimulated glucose transport by isolated adipocytes are a function of donor sex, we measured glucose transport rates in the absence and presence of 8 nM insulin in adipocytes isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue of nine male and ten female subjects with varying degrees of obesity and in adipocytes isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat tissue of (180-220 g) male and female rats. Because maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate per cell of adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal tissue of male and female subjects was constant in each sex, the data have been normalized on the basis of transport per cell. The results demonstrated that basal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport per cell was 53-75% higher per cell in the females versus males in adipocytes from human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P less than 0.01). A similar difference in glucose transport rate between males and females (P less than 0.001) was also found in rat abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipocytes isolated from rat retroperitoneal adipose tissue had higher transport rates (approximately three-fold) and smaller sex differences (35% higher in females) than found in adipocytes from rat and human subcutaneous tissue. These results indicate that basal and maximum insulin-stimulated glucose transport is higher by adipocytes isolated from females and that this difference is independent of adipose cell size and species.

Deposition of fat in the body of the rat during rehabilitation after early undernutrition

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Harris ◽  
Elsie M. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
Males And Females

1. Male and female rats aged 3 weeks were divided into two groups. One group of each sex was allowed unlimited access to the stock diet, the other group was given the stock diet in restricted amounts for 10 weeks so that the males gained only 19 g and the females 21 g in comparison with 176 g and 116 g for the well-nourished males and females respectively. The undernourished animals were then rehabilitated by being allowed the stock diet ad lib.2. Five animals of each sex were killed at various stages of the experiment, their bodies analysed for fat and nitrogen, and the size and number of fat cells determined in specific fat depots.3. The undernourished rats failed to make a complete recovery and were significantly smaller than the controls of the same sex at 172 d of age when the experiment terminated.4. The previously undernourished rats deposited significantly more fat in their bodies during rehabilitation than the control animals in the same number of days and over the same gain in body-weight.5. There were no significant differences in the number of cells containing fat at the abdominal fat site between the undernourished and rehabilitated animals and the controls at any stage, nor were there any significant differences in apparent fat cell numbers between the control and rehabilitated animals at any of the other sites studied when the experiment ended at 172 d.

scholarly journals Blockage of the Neonatal Leptin Surge Affects the Gene Expression of Growth Factors, Glial Proteins, and Neuropeptides Involved in the Control of Metabolism and Reproduction in Peripubertal Male and Female Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 2571-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Mela ◽  
Francisca Díaz ◽  
Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez ◽  
María Jesús Vázquez ◽  
Arieh Gertler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Leptin (Lep) is important in the development of neuroendocrine circuits involved in metabolic control. Because both Lep and metabolism influence pubertal development, we hypothesized that early changes in Lep signaling could also modulate hypothalamic (HT) systems involved in reproduction. We previously demonstrated that a single injection of a Lep antagonist (Antag) on postnatal day (PND)9, coincident with the neonatal Lep peak, induced sexually dimorphic modifications in trophic factors and markers of cell turnover and neuronal maturation in the HT on PND13. Here, our aim was to investigate whether the alterations induced by Lep antagonism persist into puberty. Accordingly, male and female rats were treated with a pegylated super Lep Antag from PND5 to PND9 and killed just before the normal appearance of external signs of puberty (PND33 in females and PND43 in males). There was no effect on body weight, but in males food intake increased, subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased and HT neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide mRNA levels were reduced, with no effect in females. In both sexes, the Antag increased HT mRNA levels of the kisspeptin receptor, G protein-coupled recepter 54 (Gpr54). Expression of the Lep receptor, trophic factors, and glial markers were differently affected in the HT of peripubertal males and females. Lep production in adipose tissue was decreased in Antag-treated rats of both sexes, with production of other cytokines being differentially regulated between sexes. In conclusion, in addition to the long-term effects on metabolism, changes in neonatal Lep levels modifies factors involved in reproduction that could possibly affect sexual maturation.

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