scholarly journals Blockage of the Neonatal Leptin Surge Affects the Gene Expression of Growth Factors, Glial Proteins, and Neuropeptides Involved in the Control of Metabolism and Reproduction in Peripubertal Male and Female Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 2571-2581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Mela ◽  
Francisca Díaz ◽  
Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez ◽  
María Jesús Vázquez ◽  
Arieh Gertler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Leptin (Lep) is important in the development of neuroendocrine circuits involved in metabolic control. Because both Lep and metabolism influence pubertal development, we hypothesized that early changes in Lep signaling could also modulate hypothalamic (HT) systems involved in reproduction. We previously demonstrated that a single injection of a Lep antagonist (Antag) on postnatal day (PND)9, coincident with the neonatal Lep peak, induced sexually dimorphic modifications in trophic factors and markers of cell turnover and neuronal maturation in the HT on PND13. Here, our aim was to investigate whether the alterations induced by Lep antagonism persist into puberty. Accordingly, male and female rats were treated with a pegylated super Lep Antag from PND5 to PND9 and killed just before the normal appearance of external signs of puberty (PND33 in females and PND43 in males). There was no effect on body weight, but in males food intake increased, subcutaneous adipose tissue decreased and HT neuropeptide Y and Agouti-related peptide mRNA levels were reduced, with no effect in females. In both sexes, the Antag increased HT mRNA levels of the kisspeptin receptor, G protein-coupled recepter 54 (Gpr54). Expression of the Lep receptor, trophic factors, and glial markers were differently affected in the HT of peripubertal males and females. Lep production in adipose tissue was decreased in Antag-treated rats of both sexes, with production of other cytokines being differentially regulated between sexes. In conclusion, in addition to the long-term effects on metabolism, changes in neonatal Lep levels modifies factors involved in reproduction that could possibly affect sexual maturation.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Escalated Methamphetamine Self-Administration and Altered Gene Expression Associated With Incubation of Methamphetamine Seeking

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 710-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul P Daiwile ◽  
Subramaniam Jayanthi ◽  
Bruce Ladenheim ◽  
Michael T McCoy ◽  
Christie Brannock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Orexin Receptors ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Abstract Background Methamphetamine (METH) use disorder is prevalent worldwide. There are reports of sex differences in quantities of drug used and relapses to drug use among individuals with METH use disorder. However, the molecular neurobiology of these potential sex differences remains unknown. Methods We trained rats to self-administer METH (0. 1 mg/kg/infusion, i.v.) on an fixed-ratio-1 schedule for 20 days using two 3-hour daily METH sessions separated by 30-minute breaks. At the end of self-administration training, rats underwent tests of cue-induced METH seeking on withdrawal days 3 and 30. Twenty-four hours later, nucleus accumbens was dissected and then used to measure neuropeptide mRNA levels. Results Behavioral results show that male rats increased the number of METH infusions earlier during self-administration training and took more METH than females. Both male and female rats could be further divided into 2 phenotypes labeled high and low takers based on the degree of escalation that they exhibited during the course of the METH self-administration experiment. Both males and females exhibited incubation of METH seeking after 30 days of forced withdrawal. Females had higher basal mRNA levels of dynorphin and hypocretin/orexin receptors than males, whereas males expressed higher vasopressin mRNA levels than females under saline and METH conditions. Unexpectedly, only males showed increased expression of nucleus accumbens dynorphin after METH self-administration. Moreover, there were significant correlations between nucleus accumbens Hcrtr1, Hcrtr2, Crhr2, and Avpr1b mRNA levels and cue-induced METH seeking only in female rats. Conclusion Our results identify some behavioral and molecular differences between male and female rats that had self-administered METH. Sexual dimorphism in responses to METH exposure should be considered when developing potential therapeutic agents against METH use disorder.

Abstract 15602: Sex-differences in Extreme Exercise-induced Adverse Cardiovascular Remodeling

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Sanguesa ◽  
Aline Meza ◽  
Anna Alcarraz ◽  
Cira Rubies ◽  
Lluis Mont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cardiovascular Remodeling ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced

Introduction: There is emerging evidence in men that sustained high-intensity training promotes an adverse cardiovascular remodeling, thereby increasing the risk of atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and coronary calcification. Whether men and women are similarly affected by high intensity exercise-induced harm is unclear. Our aim was to study sex differences in a long-term endurance training rat model. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats were subjected to high intensity training for 16 weeks (INT, 60min 60cm/s, male n=20, female n=15). Sedentary rats (SED, male n=20, female n=18) were used as controls. At the end of the training period, rats had an electrocardiogram and echocardiography performed. Vascular fibrosis was assessed in descending aorta, left carotid, and intramyocardial arteries (IMA), right and left atria, and left ventricle (LV) histological samples. mRNA levels of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation genes were assessed in LV samples by Real-Time PCR. Results: INT male rats presented lower heart rate (382±9, 340±10, SED vs INT, p<0.01) and a longer QRS duration (18.8±0.6, 22.4±1.1, SED vs INT, p<0.01), while these were not modified in the INT female group. Echocardiography showed eccentric LV hypertrophy in both trained male and female rats. High intensity exercise induced fibrosis in the descending aorta and carotid in both males and females, but IMA were only affected in trained male rats. In the heart, exercise-induced atrial fibrosis similarly occurred in both trained male and female rats. No training-induced fibrosis was evident in the LV of both INT male and female rats. Regarding LV mRNA analysis, INT males showed a reduction of desmin, TTN and N2BA/N2B ratio, whereas INT females exhibited higher desmin mRNA levels and lower αMHC/βMHC ratio. Intense exercise did not increase LV mRNA levels of fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation markers neither in males nor in females. In comparison to males, females had lower LV myocardial fibrosis as well as lower fibrosis markers. Conclusions: Male and female rats exhibit qualitatively different cardiovascular remodeling after extreme exercise. Nevertheless, both sexes might develop exercise-induced adverse vascular and cardiac effects.

Interleukin-1 Receptor Type I mRNA Levels in Brain Regions From Male and Female Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Gayle ◽  
Sergey E. Ilyin ◽  
Carlos R. Plata-Salamán
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 131I AND 125I ISOTOPES OF IODINE IN THE RAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DONIACH ◽  
D. J. SHALE
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Serum Tsh

SUMMARY From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of 131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 μCi of 131I, male and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 μCi of 131I and all doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.

Early weaning alters the thermogenic capacity of brown adipose tissue in adult male and female rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 2207-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Peixoto ◽  
C. B. Pietrobon ◽  
I. M. Bertasso ◽  
F. A. H. Caramez ◽  
C. Calvino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Sex difference in insulin-stimulated glucose transport in rat and human adipocytes

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. E211-E215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Foley ◽  
A. Kashiwagi ◽  
H. Chang ◽  
T. P. Huecksteadt ◽  
S. Lillioja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Female Subjects

In an effort to determine whether differences in basal and maximum insulin-stimulated glucose transport by isolated adipocytes are a function of donor sex, we measured glucose transport rates in the absence and presence of 8 nM insulin in adipocytes isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue of nine male and ten female subjects with varying degrees of obesity and in adipocytes isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fat tissue of (180-220 g) male and female rats. Because maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport rate per cell of adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal tissue of male and female subjects was constant in each sex, the data have been normalized on the basis of transport per cell. The results demonstrated that basal and maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport per cell was 53-75% higher per cell in the females versus males in adipocytes from human subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (P less than 0.01). A similar difference in glucose transport rate between males and females (P less than 0.001) was also found in rat abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipocytes isolated from rat retroperitoneal adipose tissue had higher transport rates (approximately three-fold) and smaller sex differences (35% higher in females) than found in adipocytes from rat and human subcutaneous tissue. These results indicate that basal and maximum insulin-stimulated glucose transport is higher by adipocytes isolated from females and that this difference is independent of adipose cell size and species.

Long-term effects of high-fat diets on peroxisomal β-oxidation in male and female rats

Lipids ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 668-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Thomassen ◽  
J. Norseth ◽  
E. N. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets
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