Differential effects of progesterone on secretion of gonadotropic hormones in the rhesus monkey

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (5) ◽  
pp. E489-E492
Author(s):  
J. A. Resko ◽  
W. E. Ellinwood ◽  
E. Knobil
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
New Information ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Gonadotropic Hormones

To obtain new information on the site of the inhibiting actions of progesterone (P) during the follicular phase of the cycle, we administered P continuously to 13 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from days 5 through 12 of the menstrual cycle. This treatment produced luteal-phase levels (approximately 6 ng/ml of serum) within 4 h. (FSH) concentrations dropped significantly from pretreatment amounts (P less than 0.01). During this time, both immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH) (n = 8 animals) and bioactive LH (n = 5) remained stable. The 17 beta-estradiol (E2) concentrations dropped significantly below base line 24 h after treatment (P less than 0.05). The decline in E2 occurred after the decline in FSH. Inhibition of FSH continued for 40 h, after which both FSH and LH rose steadily in a way that resembled a preovulatory surge on days 8 or 9 of the menstrual cycle, and then returned to base line by day 10. When gonadotropins were at their zenith, the ovary did not respond by secreting E2. None of the effects mentioned above were found in control animals treated with blank implants. These data demonstrate that P administered during the follicular phase inhibits FSH but not LH secretion. This initial inhibition probably occurs at a hypothalamic-pituitary site, but after 40 h direct inhibitory effects on the ovary cannot be ruled out. P stimulates the release of gonadotropin in female monkeys despite reduced production of E2 by the ovary.

The effect of oxytocin administration upon the pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet A. Amico ◽  
Donald W. Richardson ◽  
Stephen J. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Pulsatile Secretion ◽  
Oxytocin Infusion ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Lh Secretion ◽  
Synthetic Oxytocin

Abstract. The effect of iv administration of synthetic oxytocin upon the pulsatile pattern of LH secretion was studied in 5 healthy men and 10 healthy women. Five of the women were studied in the follicular phase of a menstrual cycle and the other 5 were studied in the luteal phase of a cycle. Synthetic oxytocin in 0.9% saline or saline alone was administered via continuous iv infusion for 8 h on 2 consecutive days. Infusions were administered using a double-blinded and radomized schedule. The rate of the oxytocin infusion commenced at 1 mU/min and was increased 1 mU/min every 40 min to a final rate of 12 mU/min. The plasma oxytocin concentration during oxytocin infusion ranged from 2–70 fmol/l. Blood for LH determination was sampled every 20 min in the 5 follicular phase women and every 10 min in the 5 men and 5 luteal phase women. The detect algorithm was used to analyze LH pulsatile secretion. Oxytocin infusion was without significant effect on mean LH, number of LH pulses, or area under the LH curve in men or women studied for the period of observation. Thus it is unlikely that increases in plasma oxytocin regulate the pulsatile secretion of LH in humans.

EVALUATION OF CHANGES IN CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS DURING DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN YOUNG WOMEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehnaz Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Granulose Cells ◽  
Efficiency Test

Introduction: Menstrual cycle or menstruation involved discharge of sanguinous fluid and a sloughing of uterine wall. In women menstruation occurs at regular intervals on an average of 28 days, although most women gave a history of regular intervals of 28 to 30 days. About 10% -15% of women showed cycle at the precise 28 ± 2 days intervals when menstrual calendar was utilized. Normally in young women in different phases of ovarian cycles the plasma levels of estrogen vary. Ovulation occurs in the first 12-13th day of menstrual cycle, which is termed estrogen surge and second occurs in mid-luteal phase. During mid cycle or follicular phase of menstrual cycle the plasma concentration of progesterone is very low about 0.9 ng/mL. its level starts rising owing to secretion from the granulose cells. During luteal phase progesterone level reaches its peak value of 18 ng/mL and its level fall to a minimum value toward the end of the cycle. Estrogen affects local and systemic vasodilation. The menstrual cycle envelops two fundamental stages, the follicular stage (FP) and the luteal stage (LP). The follicular stage can part advance into two substages; the early FP, which is characterised with moo concentrations of both the key hormones estrogen and progesterone; and the mid FP where estrogen is tall autonomously from progesterone. The LP is epitomized by tall concentration of both estrogen and progesterone. These two fundamental stages are isolated by a soak surge in luteinizing hormone activating ovulation. These recurrent changes are said to be frequency unsurprising while long time. Aim: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the Cardiorespiratory functions changes during different Phases of Menstrual Cycle.   Material and methods: In this study, 20 with normal weight, 20 with obese and 20 with overage were included and taken them as a sample size. In this study all the young women those were recruited as a sample size are unmarried, undergraduate female student with the between the age group of 18-22years, having regular 28+6 days menstrual cycle for at least last 6months prior to this study. For the collection of data all the participants were instructed to attend the physiology lab department during each of three different phases. Day-2 during menstrual phase, Day-7, during follicular phase and Day-22 during luteal phase and the following parameters were recorded as Anthropometric measurements, measuring of pulse rate and blood pressure and cardiac efficiency test. Result: In general, work out proficiency changed essentially amid the distinctive stages of the menstrual cycle with the most elevated amid luteal stage and least amid menstrualo stage. There was no critical contrast in impact test amid menstrual stage, follicular stage and luteal stage of menstrual cycle among three bunches of people. Conclusion: We have watched noteworthy increment in cardiac and respiratory proficiency within the luteal stage of the menstrual cycle in ordinary weight people. Lower wellness levels were watched in overweight and stout females. In this manner hone of customary work out and admissions of solid slim down which offer assistance in lessening the weight and in turn the BMI will offer assistance in improving the physical wellness of the people. Keywords: Cardiorespiratory, Menstrual cycle, expiratory blast test

scholarly journals Influence of Menstrual Cycle Estradiol-β-17 Fluctuations on Energy Substrate Utilization-Oxidation during Aerobic, Endurance Exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7209
Author(s):  
Hannah N. Willett ◽  
Kristen J. Koltun ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Energy Substrate ◽  
Fat Utilization

This study examined the effect of estradiol-β-17 across the menstrual cycle (MC) during aerobic exercise on energy substrate utilization and oxidation. Thirty-two eumenorrheic (age = 22.4 ± 3.8 y (mean ± SD)), physically active women participated in two steady-state running sessions at 65% of VO2max, one during the early follicular and one during the luteal phase of the MC. Blood samples were collected at rest before each exercise session and analyzed for Estradiol-β-17 to confirm the MC phase. Carbohydrate (CHO) utilization and oxidation values were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the luteal (utilization: 51.6 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 1.22 ± 0.56 g/min; effect size (ES) = 0.45, 0.27) than follicular phase (utilization: 58.2 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 1.38 ± 0.60 g/min) exercise sessions. Conversely, fat utilization and oxidation values were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the luteal (utilization: 48.4 ± 16.7%; oxidation: 0.49 ± 0.19 g/min; ES = 0.45,0.28) than follicular phase (utilization: 41.8 ± 15.1%; oxidation: 0.41 ± 0.14 g/min). Estradiol-β-17 concentrations were significantly (p < 0.01) greater during the luteal (518.5 ± 285.4 pmol/L; ES = 0.75) than follicular phase (243.8 ± 143.2 pmol/L). Results suggest a greater use of fat and reduced amount of CHO usage during the luteal versus follicular phase, directly related to the change in resting estradiol-β-17. Future research should investigate the role these changes may play in female athletic performance.

Urinary melatonin, LH, oestradiol, progesterone excretion during the menstrual cycle or in women taking oral contraceptives

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyne Brun ◽  
Bruno Claustrat ◽  
Michel David
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract. Nocturnal urinary excretion of melatonin, LH, progesterone and oestradiol was measured by radioimmunoassay in nine normal women during a complete cycle. In addition, these hormonal excretions were studied in two women taking an oral contraceptive. A high within-subject coefficient of variation was observed for melatonin excretion in the two groups. In the nine normal cycling women, melatonin excretion was not decreased at the time of ovulation, but was significantly increased during the luteal phase compared with that of the follicular phase (P < 0.01). These data are consistent with a positive relationship between melatonin and progesterone during the luteal phase. In the two women under an oral contraceptive, melatonin excretion was found within the same range as for the other nine. The results are discussed in terms of pineal investigation in human.

Seasonal and steroid-dependent effects on the modulation of LH secretion in the ewe by intracerebroventricularly administered β-endorphin or naloxone

1989 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. E. Horton ◽  
H. Francis ◽  
I. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Opioid Antagonist ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Endogenous Opioid Peptide ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT The natural opioid ligand, β-endorphin, and the opioid antagonist, naloxone, were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) to evaluate effects on LH secretion in ovariectomized ewes and in ovariectomized ewes treated with oestradiol-17β plus progesterone either during the breeding season or the anoestrous season. Ovary-intact ewes were also studied during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. Jugular blood samples were taken at 10-min intervals for 8 h and either saline (20–50 μl), 100 μg naloxone or 10 μg β-endorphin were injected i.c.v. after 4 h. In addition, luteal phase ewes were injected i.c.v. with 25 μg β-endorphin(1–27), a purported endogenous opioid antagonist. In ovariectomized ewes, irrespective of season, saline and naloxone did not affect LH secretion, but β-endorphin decreased the plasma LH concentrations, by reducing LH pulse frequency. The effect of β-endorphin was blocked by administering naloxone 30 min beforehand. Treating ovariectomized ewes with oestradiol-17β plus progesterone during the breeding season reduced plasma LH concentrations from 6–8 μg/l to less than 1 μg/l. In these ewes, saline did not alter LH secretion, but naloxone increased LH pulse frequency and the plasma concentrations of LH within 15–20 min. During anoestrus, the combination of oestradiol-17β plus progesterone to ovariectomized ewes reduced the plasma LH concentrations from 3–5 μg/l to undetectable levels, and neither saline nor naloxone affected LH secretion. During the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle, naloxone enhanced LH pulse frequency, which resulted in increased plasma LH concentrations; saline had no effect. In these sheep, β-endorphin decreased LH pulse frequency and the mean concentrations of LH, and this effect was prevented by the previous administration of naloxone. The i.c.v. administration of β-endorphin(1–27) to luteal phase ewes did not affect LH secretion. These data demonstrate the ability of a naturally occurring opioid peptide to inhibit LH secretion in ewes during the breeding and non-breeding seasons, irrespective of the gonadal steroid background. In contrast, whilst the gonadal steroids suppress LH secretion in ovariectomized ewes during both seasons, they only appear to activate endogenous opioid peptide (EOP)-mediated inhibition of LH secretion during the breeding season. Furthermore, these data support the notion that LH secretion in ovariectomized ewes is not normally under the control of EOP, so that naloxone has no effect. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 122, 509–517

Haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress during the menstrual cycle

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Manhem ◽  
Christina Jern ◽  
Martin Pilhall ◽  
Guy Shanks ◽  
Sverker Jern
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations

1. The haemodynamic effects of hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle were examined in 11 normotensive women (age 20–46 years). The subjects were studied on days 2–8 (follicular phase) and days 18–26 (luteal phase) in a randomized order. A standardized mental stress test and a 24 h recording of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate were performed. 2. Pre-stress resting levels of heart rate and blood pressure were similar during the two phases of the menstrual cycle. 3. During mental stress, the heart rate response was significantly greater during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase (14.7 versus 9.7 beats/min; P < 0.05). 4. Blood pressure, plasma catecholamine concentrations and subjective stress experience increased significantly in response to stress, without any significant differences between the two phases. 5. During 24 h ambulatory monitoring, higher levels of systolic blood pressure and heart rate were observed in the luteal phase than in the follicular phase (P < 0.005 and P < 0.0001, respectively). 6. These data indicate that cyclic variations in female sex hormones not only affect systolic blood pressure and heart rate, but also alter the haemodynamic responses to psychosocial stress.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Kedelai terhadap Sistem Reproduksi

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Rizky Aprilia Wikayanti ◽  
Andre Parmonangan Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Free Concentration ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Lh Secretion

Kedelai merupakan tanaman Leguminoceae, yang mengandung senyawa isoflavon. Struktur kimianya menyerupai 17β-estradiol yang memiliki kemampuan untuk berikatan dengan reseptor estrogen yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap sistem reproduksi manusia. Tujuan literatur review ini untuk mengetahui efek kedelai terhadap sistem reproduksi manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode literatur review dari 50 artikel PubMed NCBI, Elsevier dan BMJ Journal yang diperoleh hanya 38 artikel yang digumakan dari tahun 2000 sampai dengan tahun 2018. Berbagai penelitian eksperimental yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kedelai memiliki efek terhadap sistem reproduksi manusia. Kedelai dapat menyebabkan sekresi FSH, sekresi LH menurun dan meningkatkan konsentrasi estradiol bebas. Penurunan FSH dan LH dapat menyebabkan gangguan dalam siklus menstruasi terutama pada fase folikular dan  ovulasi, jika fase folikular terganggu maka siklus menstruasi akan menjadi  tidak teratur. Selain itu fitoestrogen yang terkandung dalam kedelai diketahui dapat menghambat 17-β hidroksisteroidoksidoreduktase sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan kadar testosteron.   Kata kunci: kedelai, manusia, reproduksi   THE ROLE OF SOYBEAN FOR REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM   ABSTRACT Soybean is a Leguminoceae plant, which contains isoflavone compounds. Its chemical structure resembles 17β-estradiol which has ability to bind to estrogen receptors which can affect the human reproductive system. The purpose of this review literature is to determine the effect of soy on the human reproductive system. Using research articles and books related to the effect of soy on the reproductive system from 2000 to 2018. Various experimental studies conducted showed that soy has an effect on the human reproductive system. Soy can cause FSH secretion, decreased LH secretion and increasing the free concentration of estradiol. Decreased FSH and LH can cause disruption in the menstrual cycle, especially in the follicular phase and ovulation, if the follicular phase is disrupted then the menstrual cycle will become irregular. In addition, phytoestrogens contained in soy are known to inhibit 17-β hydroxysteroidoxidoreductase, resulting in a decrease in testosterone levels.   Keywords : human, reproductive, soybean

scholarly journals Analysis of the physical performance of women in different motor skills during the phases of the menstrual cycle

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isadora Cristina Ribeiro ◽  
Joao Paulo Borin
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
The One

The training of a motor skill promotes physical performance and depends on several variables. For women, the menstrual cycle is the one to be highlighted. Studies have focused on the analysis motor skills during this period and emphasize hormonal issues with low attention to the physcal performance. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the physical performance in different motor skills during the phases of the menstrual cycle in two different cycles. During eight weeks, twelve women, divided into a trained and begginer group, underwent training for different motor skills, and at each stage of the menstrual cycle performed performance tests. The results suggest a higher strength of the lower limbs and a greater capacity of endurance in the Luteal phase in relation to the Follicular phase, but for the flexibility there were no significant differences, suggesting that there is no influence of the menstrual cycle on this motor skill.

scholarly journals Injury Incidence Across the Menstrual Cycle in International Footballers

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Martin ◽  
Kate Timmins ◽  
Charlotte Cowie ◽  
Jon Alty ◽  
Ritan Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

Objectives: This study aimed to assess how menstrual cycle phase and extended menstrual cycle length influence the incidence of injuries in international footballers.Methods: Over a 4-year period, injuries from England international footballers at training camps or matches were recorded, alongside self-reported information on menstrual cycle characteristics at the point of injury. Injuries in eumenorrheic players were categorized into early follicular, late follicular, or luteal phase. Frequencies were also compared between injuries recorded during the typical cycle and those that occurred after the cycle would be expected to have finished. Injury incidence rates (per 1,000 person days) and injury incidence rate ratios were calculated for each phase for all injuries and injuries stratified by type.Results: One hundred fifty-six injuries from 113 players were eligible for analysis. Injury incidence rates per 1,000 person-days were 31.9 in the follicular, 46.8 in the late follicular, and 35.4 in the luteal phase, resulting in injury incidence rate ratios of 1.47 (Late follicular:Follicular), 1.11 (Luteal:Follicular), and 0.76 (Luteal:Late follicular). Injury incident rate ratios showed that muscle and tendon injury rates were 88% greater in the late follicular phase compared to the follicular phase, with muscle rupture/tear/strain/cramps and tendon injuries/ruptures occurring over twice as often during the late follicular phase compared to other phases 20% of injuries were reported as occurring when athletes were “overdue” menses.Conclusion: Muscle and tendon injuries occurred almost twice as often in the late follicular phase compared to the early follicular or luteal phase. Injury risk may be elevated in typically eumenorrheic women in the days after their next menstruation was expected to start.

scholarly journals Menstrual Cycle and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: Findings From the NCCTG N9431 Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3620-3626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive S. Grant ◽  
James N. Ingle ◽  
Vera J. Suman ◽  
Daniel A. Dumesic ◽  
D. Lawrence Wickerham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle Phase ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Menstrual History

Purpose For nearly two decades, multiple retrospective reports, small prospective studies, and meta-analyses have arrived at conflicting results regarding the value of timing surgical intervention for breast cancer on the basis of menstrual cycle phase. We present the results of a multi–cooperative group, prospective, observational trial of menstrual cycle phase and outcome after breast cancer surgery, led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Patients and Methods Premenopausal women age 18 to 55 years, who were interviewed for menstrual history and who were surgically treated for stages I to II breast cancer, had serum drawn within 1 day of surgery for estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. Menstrual history and hormone levels were used to determine menstrual phase: luteal, follicular, and other. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 1,118 women initially enrolled, 834 women comprised the study cohort: 230 (28%) in luteal phase; 363 (44%) in follicular phase; and 241 grouped as other. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, and in analysis that accounted for nodal disease, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, neither DFS nor OS differed with respect to menstrual phase. The 5-year DFS rates were 82.7%, 82.1%, and 79.2% for follicular, luteal, or other phases, respectively. Corresponding OS survival rates were 91.9%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Conclusion When menstrual cycle phases were strictly defined, neither DFS nor OS differed between women who underwent surgery during the follicular phase versus the luteal phase. Nearly 30% of the patients did not meet criteria for either follicular- or luteal-phase categories.

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