A role for vagus nerve in regulation of protein and carbohydrate intake

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. E815-E821 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Li ◽  
G. H. Anderson

The effects of vagotomy on long-term protein and carbohydrate selection or on short-term food selection following cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) injections, protein, or carbohydrate premeals and on brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and catecholamine metabolism were examined in adult rats. Vagotomy was followed by a reduction in daily protein intake that by 3 wk had fallen to 50% of preoperative levels. A corresponding increase in carbohydrate intake occurred so that total food intake was maintained at approximately 93% of that consumed by the sham-operated controls. These changes in day-to-day macronutrient selection from a choice of high- and low-protein diets were associated with a vagotomy-induced decreased turnover of 5HT in the hypothalamus. In meal consumption studies vagotomy prevented a further reduction in meal size by CCK-8 but did not block decreased consumption of total food or of protein preference of the rats in meals taken subsequent to a protein meal. It was concluded that the vagus nerve plays a role in regulating long-term protein and carbohydrate preferences but not in the relationships among meal-to-meal composition and intake.

Author(s):  
X.Z. Hou ◽  
D.H. Anderson ◽  
A.W. Illius ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
J D Oldham

Previous work at the Edinburgh School of Agriculture has suggested that sheep, like pigs, can select amongst foods which differ in protein:energy content according to their protein needs. The proportion of high protein feed which was selected by young sheep gradually diminished as the animals grew towards maturity over a period of measurement of 10 weeks (Cropper, 1988). The experiment reported here was designed to test this idea further by allowing sheep, initially differing in age and weight, to select between a high and low protein food (both available ad libitum) throughout their growth to a stable mature weight and body composition.Two pelletted feeds were formulated and prepared which differed in protein concentration but with similar calculated energy (metabolisable energy, ME) (Table 1) concentration and abundant in minerals and vitamins. Seven sheep (Suffolk x Greyface wethers) aged 3 months (n = 3), 18 months (n = 2), and 30 months (n = 2) at the start of the experiment were individually penned and given experience of each of the two feeds individually before having ad libitum access to both. Tap water was freely available from a bucket. Voluntary consumption of each feed was recorded daily by weighing and drying refusals. The sheep were weighed weekly and scanned using a Vetscan ultrasonic scanner to estimate fat and muscle depths at the 13th rib on days 126, 225, 336, 436 and 539.


1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Paula-Barbosa ◽  
J.P. Andrade ◽  
J.L. Castedo ◽  
F.P. Azevedo ◽  
I. Camões ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 43-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza V.P. Mendes ◽  
Sabrina R. Gonsalez ◽  
Leonardo M. Oliveira-Pinto ◽  
Amaury Pereira-Acácio ◽  
Christina M. Takiya ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Clarençon ◽  
Sonia Pellissier ◽  
Valérie Sinniger ◽  
Astrid Kibleur ◽  
Dominique Hoffman ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Stefanie M.P. Kouwenhoven ◽  
Nadja Antl ◽  
Martijn J.J. Finken ◽  
Jos W.R. Twisk ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pérez-Carbonell ◽  
Howard Faulkner ◽  
Sean Higgins ◽  
Michalis Koutroumanidis ◽  
Guy Leschziner

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a neuromodulatory therapeutic option for drug-resistant epilepsy. In randomised controlled trials, VNS implantation has resulted in over 50% reduction in seizure frequency in 26%–40% of patients within 1 year. Long-term uncontrolled studies suggest better responses to VNS over time; however, the assessment of other potential predictive factors has led to contradictory results. Although initially designed for managing focal seizures, its use has been extended to other forms of drug-resistant epilepsy. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the use of VNS, its impact on seizure frequency and quality of life, and common adverse effects of this therapy. We also include practical guidance for the approach to and the management of patients with VNS in situ.


1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-L. Kolho ◽  
I. Huhtaniemi

ABSTRACT The acute and long-term effects of pituitary-testis suppression with a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, d-Ser(But)6des-Gly10-GnRH N-ethylamide (buserelin; 0·02, 0·1, 1·0 or 10 mg/kg body weight per day s.c.) or antagonist, N-Ac-d-Nal(2)1,d-p-Cl-Phe2,d-Trp3,d-hArg(Et2)6,d-Ala10-GnRH (RS 68439; 2 mg/kg body weight per day s.c.) were studied in male rats treated on days 1–15 of life. The animals were killed on day 16 (acute effects) or as adults (130–160 days; long-term effects). Acutely, the lowest dose of the agonist decreased pituitary FSH content and testicular LH receptors, but with increasing doses pituitary and serum LH concentrations, intratesticular testosterone content and weights of testes were also suppressed (P< 0·05–0·01). No decrease was found in serum FSH or in weights of accessory sex organs even with the highest dose of the agonist, the latter finding indicating continuing secretion of androgens. The GnRH antagonist treatment suppressed pituitary LH and FSH contents and serum LH (P< 0·05–0·01) but, as with the agonist, serum FSH remained unaltered. Testicular testosterone and testis weights were decreased (P <0·01) but testicular LH receptors remained unchanged. Moreover, the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate weights were reduced, in contrast to the effects of the agonists. Pituitary LH and FSH contents had recovered in all adult rats treated neonatally with agonist and there was no effect on serum LH and testosterone concentrations or on fertility. In contrast, in adult rats treated neonatally with antagonist, weights of testis and accessory sex organs remained decreased (P <0·01–0·05) but hormone secretion from the pituitary and testis had returned to normal except that serum FSH was increased by 80% (P <0·01). Interestingly, 90% of the antagonist-treated animals were infertile. It is concluded that treatment with a GnRH agonist during the neonatal period does not have a chronic effect on pituitary-gonadal function. In contrast, GnRH antagonist treatment neonatally permanently inhibits the development of the testis and accessory sex organs and results in infertility. Interestingly, despite the decline of pituitary FSH neonatally, neither of the GnRH analogues was able to suppress serum FSH values and this differs from the concomitant changes in LH and from the effects of similar treatments in adult rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 123, 83–91


2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota B Pawlak ◽  
Gareth S Denyer ◽  
Janet M Bryson ◽  
Janette C.Brand Miller

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