Oxoproline kinetics and oxoproline urinary excretion during glycine- or sulfur amino acid-free diets in humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. E868-E876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia C. Metges ◽  
Yong-Ming Yu ◽  
Wei Cai ◽  
Xiao-Ming Lu ◽  
Sue Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Control Study

l-5-oxoproline (l-5-OP) is an intermediate in glutathione synthesis, possibly limited by cysteine availability. Urinary 5-OP excretion has been proposed as a measure of glycine availability. We investigated whether 5 days of dietary sulfur amino acid (SAA-free) or glycine (Gly-free) restriction affects plasma kinetics of 5-OP and urinary excretion of l- andd-5-OP in 6 healthy men. On day 6, l-5-[1-13C]oxoproline and [3,3-2H2]cysteine were infused intravenously for 8 h (3 h fast/5 h fed). In a control study (adequate amino acid mixture), plasma oxoproline fluxes were 37.8 ± 13.8 (SD) and 38.4 ± 14.8 μmol ⋅ kg−1⋅ h−1; oxidation accounted for 85% of flux. Cysteine flux was 47.9 ± 8.5 and 43.2 ± 8.5 μmol ⋅ kg−1⋅ h−1for fast and fed phases, respectively. Urinary excretion ofl- and d-5-OP was 70 ± 34 and 31.1 ± 13.3 μmol/mmol creatinine, respectively, during days 3–5, and 46.4 ± 13.9 and 22.4 ± 8.3 μmol/mmol over the 8-h tracer study. The 5-OP flux for the Gly-free diet was higher ( P = 0.018) and tended to be higher for the SAA-free diet ( P = 0.057) when compared with the control diet. Oxidation rates were higher on the Gly-free ( P = 0.005) and SAA-free ( P = 0.03) diets. Cysteine fluxes were lower on the the Gly-free ( P= 0.01) and the SAA-free diets ( P = 0.001) compared with the control diet. Rates of l-5-OP excretion were unchanged by withdrawal of SAA or Gly for 5 days but increased on day 6( P = 0.005 and P = 0.019, respectively). Thus acute changes in the dietary availability of SAA and Gly alter oxoproline kinetics and urinary 5-OP excretion.

scholarly journals Effect of leucine on intestinal absorption of tryptophan in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chisae Umezawa ◽  
Yuko Maeda ◽  
Kanji Haba ◽  
Mariko Shin ◽  
Keiji Sano
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Absorption ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Acid Mixture

1. To elucidate the causal relation between leucine and the lowering of hepatic NAD content of rats fed on a leucine-excessive diet (Yamada et al. 1979), the effect of leucine on intestinal absorption of tryptophan was investigated.2. Co-administration of [3H]tryptophan and leucine, with leucine at ten times the level of tryptophan, delayed absorption of L-[side chain 2,3-3H]tryptophan from the digestive tract and incorporation of [3H]tryptophan into portal blood, the liver and a protein fraction of the liver. After 120 min, more than 95% of tryptophan was absorbed whether [3H]tryptophan was administered with or without leucine.3. Co-administration of a mixture of ten essential amino acids, in proportions simulating casein, with [3H]tryptophan markedly delayed absorption of tryptophan from the digestive tract. The addition of supplementary leucine to the amino acid mixture, however, caused no further delay.4. In rats prefed a leucine-excessive diet for 1 week [3H]tryptophan was absorbed at the same rate as in rats fed on a control diet.5. The results indicate that competition between tryptophan and leucine for intestinal absorption did not cause lowering of hepatic NAD.

THREONINE AS THE SECOND LIMITING AMINO ACID IN PEACE RIVER BARLEY FOR GROWING–FINISHING PIGS AND GROWING RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. AW-YONG ◽  
R. M. BEAMES
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Peace River

Barley–lysine diets (0.75% total lysine, 0.37% threonine) with or without additional threonine and methionine were compared with a barley and 15.6% soybean meal control diet in a growth trial with 108 pigs and a metabolism trial with six collection periods per diet. Addition of threonine to the barley–lysine diet improved daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass quality, with the growth results obtained with the 0.10% threonine addition equalling those of the barley–soybean meal diet, except for backfat thickness, which was lower on the soybean meal diet. Nitrogen retention, however, increased up to the maximum level (0.15%) of threonine inclusion, when retention equalled that of the control diet. Addition of 0.10% methionine to the barley diet containing added lysine and threonine resulted in no responses. Growth and balance trials with weanling rats in general confirmed results obtained with the pigs. No additional beneficial effects were obtained when lysine levels were increased from 0.75 to0.90%, even when supplemented with additional threonine. However, in order to obtain results similar to those obtained on the barley–soybean meal diet, threonine additions to the barley had to be increased to 0.20% (0.57% total threonine) with the addition of a mixture containing other essential amino acids. Replacement of the essential amino acid mixture with glycine on an equal nitrogen basis did not produce adequate nitrogen retention or growth rate.

An open-label, single-center pilot study to test the effects of an amino acid mixture in older patients admitted to internal medicine wards

Nutrition ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 110588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Bellanti ◽  
Aurelio Lo Buglio ◽  
Elena Di Stasio ◽  
Giorgia di Bello ◽  
Rosanna Tamborra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Internal Medicine Wards

Choosing A Balanced Amino Acid Mixture

1970 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture

scholarly journals Effect of co-ingestion of amino acids with rice on glycaemic and insulinaemic response

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yean Yean Soong ◽  
Joseph Lim ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

AbstractConsumption of high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic response (GR) food such as white rice has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported the ability of individual amino acids to reduce GR of carbohydrate-rich foods. Because of the bitter flavour of amino acids, they have rarely been used to reduce GR. We now report the use of a palatable, preformed amino acid mixture in the form of essence of chicken. In all, sixteen healthy male Chinese were served 68 or 136 ml amino acid mixture together with rice, or 15 or 30 min before consumption of white rice. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and every 15 min after consumption of the meal until 60 min after the consumption of the white rice. Subsequent blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals until 210 min. The co-ingestion of 68 ml of amino acid mixture with white rice produced the best results in reducing the peak blood glucose and GR of white rice without increasing the insulinaemic response. It is postulated that amino acid mixtures prime β-cell insulin secretion and peripheral tissue uptake of glucose. The use of ready-to-drink amino acid mixtures may be a useful strategy for lowering the high-GI rice diets consumed in Asia.

Urea Excretion in Adult Humans with Varying Degrees of Kidney Malfunction Fed Milk, Egg or an Amino Acid Mixture: Assessment of Nitrogen Balance

1973 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Pedro Cottini ◽  
Daniel Lino Gallina ◽  
Jose Miguel Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Urea Excretion ◽  
Adult Humans

Olfactory Conditioning by Association with Histidine-Free or Balanced Amino Acid Loads in Rats†

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Simson ◽  
D. A. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Conditioned Aversion ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Preference ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Protein Free Diet

An histidine-devoid but otherwise balanced amino acid mixture depressed food intake from 2 hr after its gastric intubation. It induced conditioned aversion to an odour incorporated in a protein-free diet presented for 6 h following intubation. In other rats, a balanced amino acid mixture established conditioned preference for odour presented in the same diet for 6 h following intubation. The degree of preference was considerably less than the degree of aversion.

Liver extract and its free amino acids equally stimulate gastric acid secretion

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. G493-G496 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Feldman ◽  
M. I. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Liver Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture

Using intragastric titration in dogs with gastric fistulas, dose-response studies were carried out with liver extract and with a mixture of amino acids that matched the free amino acids found in liver extract. All solutions were adjusted to pH 7.0 and osmolality to 290 mosmol x kg-1. Doses are expressed as the sum of the concentrations of all free amino acids. At each dose studied (free amino acid concentration: 2.8, 5.6, 11, 23, and 45 mM), acid secretion in response to the free amino acid mixture was not significantly different from that of liver extract. The peak response to both liver extract and the free amino acid mixture occurred with the 23-mM dose and represented about 60% of the maximal response to histamine. The serum concentrations of gastrin after liver extract and the amino acid mixture were not significantly different. It is concluded that in dogs with gastric fistula, gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin were not significantly different in response to liver extract and to a mixture of amino acids that simulated the free amino acid content of liver extract.

scholarly journals Effects of Vespa Amino Acid Mixture (VAAM) lsolated from Hornet Larval Saliva and Modified VAAM Nutrients on Endurance Exercise in Swimming Mice

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKASHI ABE ◽  
YOSHIMI TAKIGUCHI ◽  
MASAHIRO TAMURA ◽  
JUNKO SHIMURA ◽  
KEN-ICHI YAMAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture
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