Gastrointestinal Satiety Signals III. Glucagon-like peptide 1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (5) ◽  
pp. G693-G697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stanley ◽  
Katie Wynne ◽  
Steve Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Many peptides are synthesized and released from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, including pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and the products of the gastrointestinal L cells, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), oxyntomodulin, and peptide YY (PYY). Whereas their roles in regulation of gastrointestinal function have been known for some time, it is now evident that they also influence eating behavior. This review considers the anorectic peptides PYY, PP, GLP-1, and oxyntomodulin, which decrease appetite and promote satiety in both animal models and humans.

scholarly journals Bile acids drive colonic secretion of glucagon-like-peptide 1 and peptide-YY in rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. G574-G584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Bayer Christiansen ◽  
Samuel Addison Jack Trammell ◽  
Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen ◽  
Kristina Schoonjans ◽  
Reidar Albrechtsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptor ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
G Protein Coupled

A large number of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1)- and peptide-YY (PYY)-producing L cells are located in the colon, but little is known about their contribution to whole body metabolism. Since bile acids (BAs) increase GLP-1 and PYY release, and since BAs spill over from the ileum to the colon, we decided to investigate the ability of BAs to stimulate colonic GLP-1 and PYY secretion. Using isolated perfused rat/mouse colon as well as stimulation of the rat colon in vivo, we demonstrate that BAs significantly enhance secretion of GLP-1 and PYY from the colon with average increases of 3.5- and 2.9-fold, respectively. Furthermore, we find that responses depend on BA absorption followed by basolateral activation of the BA-receptor Takeda-G protein-coupled-receptor 5. Surprisingly, the apical sodium-dependent BA transporter, which serves to absorb conjugated BAs, was not required for colonic conjugated BA absorption or conjugated BA-induced peptide secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrate that BAs represent a major physiological stimulus for colonic L-cell secretion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY By the use of isolated perfused rodent colon preparations we show that bile acids are potent and direct promoters of colonic glucagon-like-peptide 1 and peptide-YY secretion. The study provides convincing evidence that basolateral Takeda-G protein-coupled-receptor 5 activation is mediating the effects of bile acids in the colon and thus add to the existing literature described for L cells in the ileum.

Mechanisms of gastric emptying disturbances in chronic and acute inflammation of the distal gastrointestinal tract

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (5) ◽  
pp. G861-G868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Keller ◽  
Christoph Beglinger ◽  
Jens Juul Holst ◽  
Viola Andresen ◽  
Peter Layer
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Cck Release

It is unclear why patients with inflammation of the distal bowel complain of symptoms referable to the upper gastrointestinal tract, specifically to gastric emptying (GE) disturbances. Thus we aimed to determine occurrence and putative pathomechanisms of gastric motor disorders in such patients. Thirteen healthy subjects (CON), 13 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 10 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 7 with diverticulitis (DIV) underwent a standardized 13C-octanoic acid gastric emptying breath test. Plasma glucose, CCK, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were measured periodically and correlated with GE parameters. Results were given in means ± SD. Compared with CON, GE half time (T) was prolonged by 50% in CD (115 ± 55 vs. 182 ± 95 min, P = 0.037). Six CD, 2 DIV, and 2 UC patients had pathological T (>200 min). Postprandial plasma glucose was increased in all patients but was highest in DIV and correlated with T ( r = 0.90, P = 0.006). In CD, mean postprandial CCK levels were increased threefold compared with CON (6.5 ± 6.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.6 pmol/l, P = 0.027) and were correlated with T ( r = 0.60, P = 0.041). Compared with CON, GLP-1 levels were increased in UC (25.1 ± 5.2 vs. 33.5 ± 13.0 pmol/l, P = 0.046) but markedly decreased in DIV (9.6 ± 5.2 pmol/l, P < 0.0001). We concluded that a subset of patients with CD, UC, or DIV has delayed GE. GE disturbances are most pronounced in CD and might partly be caused by excessive CCK release. In DIV there might be a pathophysiological link between decreased GLP-1 release, postprandial hyperglycemia, and delayed GE. These explorative data encourage further studies in larger patient groups.

scholarly journals Effects of Flavanols on Enteroendocrine Secretion

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carme Grau-Bové ◽  
Carlos González-Quilen ◽  
Ximena Terra ◽  
M. Teresa Blay ◽  
Raul Beltrán-Debón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Some beneficial effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) can be explained by the modulation of enterohormone secretion. As GSPE comprises a combination of different molecules, the pure compounds that cause these effects need to be elucidated. The enterohormones and chemoreceptors present in the gastrointestinal tract differ between species, so if humans are to gain beneficial effects, species closer to humans—and humans themselves—must be used. We demonstrate that 100 mg/L of GSPE stimulates peptide YY (PYY) release, but not glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release in the human colon. We used a pig ex vivo system that differentiates between apical and basolateral intestinal sides to analyse how apical stimulation with GSPE and its pure compounds affects the gastrointestinal tract. In pigs, apical GSPE treatment stimulates the basolateral release of PYY in the duodenum and colon and that of GLP-1 in the ascending, but not the descending colon. In the duodenum, luminal stimulation with procyanidin dimer B2 increased PYY secretion, but not CCK secretion, while catechin monomers (catechin/epicatechin) significantly increased CCK release, but not PYY release. The differential effects of GSPE and its pure compounds on enterohormone release at the same intestinal segment suggest that they act through chemosensors located apically and unevenly distributed along the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Peptide production and secretion in GLUTag, NCI-H716, and STC-1 cells: a comparison to native L-cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Ehrenreich Kuhre ◽  
Nicolai Jacob Wewer Albrechtsen ◽  
Carolyn Fiona Deacon ◽  
Emilie Balk-Møller ◽  
Jens Frederik Rehfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Prohormone Convertase ◽  
Basal Secretion ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Peptide Secretion

AbstractGLUTag, NCI-H716, and STC-1 are cell lines that are widely used to study mechanisms underlying secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), but the extent to which they resemble native L-cells is unknown. We used validated immunoassays for 14 different hormones to analyze peptide content (lysis samples;n= 9 from different passage numbers) or peptide secretion in response to buffer (baseline), and after stimulation with 50 mM KCl or 10 mM glucose + 10 µM forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (n= 6 also different passage numbers). All cell lines produced and processed proglucagon into GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin, and oxyntomodulin in a pattern (prohormone convertase (PC)1/3 dependent) similar to that described for human gut. All three cell lines showed basal secretion of GLP-1 and GLP-2, which increased after stimulation. In contrast to freshly isolated murine L-cells, all cell lines also expressed PC2 and secreted large amounts of pancreatic glucagon. Neurotensin and somatostatin storage was low and secretion was not consistently increased by stimulation. STC-1 cells released more glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide than GLP-1 at baseline (P< 0.01) and KCl elevated its secretion (P< 0.05). Peptide YY, which normally co-localizes with GLP-1 in distal L-cells, was not detected in any of the cell lines. GLUTag and STC-1 cells also expressed vasoactive intestinal peptide, but none expressed pancreatic polypeptide or insulin. GLUTag contained and secreted large amounts of CCK, while NCI-H716 did not store this peptide and STC-1 contained low amounts. Our results show that hormone production in cell line models of the L-cell has limited similarity to the natural L-cells.

scholarly journals Minireview: Gut Peptides Regulating Satiety

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 2660-2665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maralyn R. Druce ◽  
Caroline J. Small ◽  
Stephen R. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas release hormones regulating satiety and body weight. Ghrelin stimulates appetite, and glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, peptide YY, cholecystokinin, and pancreatic polypeptide inhibit appetite. These gut hormones act to markedly alter food intake in humans and rodents. Obesity is the current major cause of premature death in the United Kingdom, killing almost 1000 people per week. Worldwide, its prevalence is accelerating. There is currently no effective answer to the pandemic of obesity, but replacement of the low levels of peptide YY observed in the obese may represent an effective antiobesity therapy.

scholarly journals Co-localisation and secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY from primary cultured human L cells

Diabetologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Habib ◽  
P. Richards ◽  
G. J. Rogers ◽  
F. Reimann ◽  
F. M. Gribble
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

scholarly journals The Melanocortin-4 Receptor Is Expressed in Enteroendocrine L Cells and Regulates the Release of Peptide YY and Glucagon-like Peptide 1 In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1018-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon L. Panaro ◽  
Iain R. Tough ◽  
Maja S. Engelstoft ◽  
Robert T. Matthews ◽  
Gregory J. Digby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Yy ◽  
L Cells ◽  
Melanocortin 4 Receptor ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

scholarly journals Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (5) ◽  
pp. G925-G930 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cuche ◽  
J. C. Cuber ◽  
C. H. Malbert
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Maximal Amplitude ◽  
Inhibiting Factor ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nervous and humoral pathways involved in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-induced ileal brake in conscious pigs. The role of extrinsic ileal innervation was evaluated after SCFA infusion in innervated and denervated Babkin's ileal loops, and gastric motility was measured with strain gauges. Peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were evaluated in both situations. The possible involvement of absorbed SCFA was tested by using intravenous infusion of acetate. Ileal SCFA infusion in the intact terminal ileum decreased the amplitude of distal and terminal antral contractions (33 ± 1.2 vs. 49 ± 1.2% of the maximal amplitude recorded before infusion) and increased their frequency (1.5 ± 0.11 vs. 1.3 ± 0.10/min). Similar effects were observed during SCFA infusion in ileal innervated and denervated loops (amplitude, 35 ± 1.0 and 34 ± 0.8 vs. 47 ± 1.3 and 43 ± 1.2%; frequency, 1.4 ± 0.07 and 1.6 ± 0.06 vs. 1.1 ± 0.14 and 1.0 ± 0.12/min). Intravenous acetate did not modify the amplitude and frequency of antral contractions. PYY but not GLP-1 concentrations were increased during SCFA infusion in innervated and denervated loops. In conclusion, ileal SCFA inhibit distal gastric motility by a humoral pathway involving the release of an inhibiting factor, which is likely PYY.

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