Meta-analysis of the age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity in men: relation to training status

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. H829-H834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Wilson ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Exercise Status

Based on cross-sectional data, we recently reported that, in contrast to the prevailing view, the rate of decline in maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) with age is greater in physically active compared with sedentary healthy women. We tested this hypothesis in men using a meta-analytic study ofV˙o 2 max values in the published literature. A total of 242 studies (538 subject groups and 13,828 subjects) met the inclusion criteria and were arbitrarily separated into sedentary (214 groups, 6,231 subjects), active (159 groups, 5,621 subjects), and endurance-trained (165 groups, 1,976 subjects) populations. Body fat percent increased with age in sedentary and active men ( P < 0.001), whereas no change was observed in endurance-trained men.V˙o 2 max was inversely and strongly related to age within each population ( r = −0.80 to −0.88, all P < 0.001) and was highest in endurance-trained and lowest in sedentary populations at any age. Absolute rates of decline inV˙o 2 max with age were not different ( P > 0.05) in sedentary (−4.0 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1), active (−4.0), and endurance-trained (−4.6) populations. Similarly, there were no group differences ( P > 0.05) in the relative (%) rates of decline inV˙o 2 max with advancing age (−8.7, −7.3, and −6.8%/decade, respectively). Maximal heart rate was inversely related to age within each population ( r = −0.88 to −0.93, all P < 0.001), but the rate of age-related reduction was not different among the populations. There was a significant decline in running mileage and speed with advancing age in the endurance-trained men. The present cross-sectional meta-analytic findings do not support the hypothesis that the rate of decline inV˙o 2 max with age is related to habitual aerobic exercise status in men.

Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Zung V. Tran ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sedentary Women ◽  
Exercise Status

Fitzgerald, Margaret D., Hirofumi Tanaka, Zung V. Tran, and Douglas R. Seals. Age-related declines in maximal aerobic capacity in regularly exercising vs. sedentary women: a meta-analysis. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(1): 160–165, 1997.—Our purpose was to determine the relationship between habitual aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity across the adult age range in women. A meta-analytic approach was used in which mean maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) values from female subject groups (ages 18–89 yr) were obtained from the published literature. A total of 239 subject groups from 109 studies involving 4,884 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were arbitrarily separated into sedentary (groups = 107; subjects = 2,256), active (groups = 69; subjects = 1,717), and endurance-trained (groups = 63; subjects = 911) populations.V˙o 2 max averaged 29.7 ± 7.8, 38.7 ± 9.2, and 52.0 ± 10.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, respectively, and was inversely related to age within each population ( r = −0.82 to −0.87, all P < 0.0001). The rate of decline inV˙o 2 max with increasing subject group age was lowest in sedentary women (−3.5 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1⋅ decade−1), greater in active women (−4.4 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1⋅ decade−1), and greatest in endurance-trained women (−6.2 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1) (all P < 0.001 vs. each other). When expressed as percent decrease from mean levels at age ∼25 yr, the rates of decline inV˙o 2 max were similar in the three populations (−10.0 to −10.9%/decade). There was no obvious relationship between aerobic exercise status and the rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age. The results of this cross-sectional study support the hypothesis that, in contrast to the prevailing view, the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age is greater, not smaller, in endurance-trained vs. sedentary women. The greater rate of decline inV˙o 2 max in endurance-trained populations may be related to their higher values as young adults (baseline effect) and/or to greater age-related reductions in exercise volume; however, it does not appear to be related to a greater rate of decline in maximal heart rate with age.

Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1947-1953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Christopher A. Desouza ◽  
Pamela P. Jones ◽  
Edith T. Stevenson ◽  
Kevin P. Davy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Absolute Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Tanaka, Hirofumi, Christopher A. DeSouza, Pamela P. Jones, Edith T. Stevenson, Kevin P. Davy, and Douglas R. Seals. Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in physically active vs. sedentary healthy women. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6): 1947–1953, 1997.—Using a meta-analytic approach, we recently reported that the rate of decline in maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max) with age in healthy women is greatest in the most physically active and smallest in the least active when expressed in milliliters per kilogram per minute per decade. We tested this hypothesis prospectively under well-controlled laboratory conditions by studying 156 healthy, nonobese women (age 20–75 yr): 84 endurance-trained runners (ET) and 72 sedentary subjects (S). ET were matched across the age range for age-adjusted 10-km running performance. Body mass was positively related with age in S but not in ET. Fat-free mass was not different with age in ET or S. Maximal respiratory exchange ratio and rating of perceived exertion were similar across age in ET and S, suggesting equivalent voluntary maximal efforts. There was a significant but modest decline in running mileage, frequency, and speed with advancing age in ET.V˙o 2 max(ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) was inversely related to age ( P < 0.001) in ET ( r = −0.82) and S ( r = −0.71) and was higher at any age in ET. Consistent with our meta-analysic findings, the absolute rate of decline inV˙o 2 max was greater in ET (−5.7 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1) compared with S (−3.2 ml ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1; P < 0.01), but the relative (%) rate of decline was similar (−9.7 vs −9.1%/decade; not significant). The greater absolute rate of decline inV˙o 2 max in ET compared with S was not associated with a greater rate of decline in maximal heart rate (−5.6 vs. −6.2 beats ⋅ min−1 ⋅ decade−1), nor was it related to training factors. The present cross-sectional findings provide additional evidence that the absolute, but not the relative, rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age may be greater in highly physically active women compared with their sedentary healthy peers. This difference does not appear to be related to age-associated changes in maximal heart rate, body composition, or training factors.

Greater rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity with age in endurance-trained than in sedentary men

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2406-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie E. Pimentel ◽  
Christopher L. Gentile ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Douglas R. Seals ◽  
Phillip E. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Exercise Status ◽  
Percent Decrease

To determine the relation between habitual endurance exercise status and the age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity [i.e., maximal O2consumption (V˙o2 max)] in men, we performed a well-controlled cross-sectional laboratory study on 153 healthy men aged 20–75 yr: 64 sedentary and 89 endurance trained.V˙o2 max(ml · kg−1· min−1), measured by maximal treadmill exercise, was inversely related to age in the endurance-trained ( r = −0.80) and sedentary ( r = −0.74) men but was higher in the endurance-trained men at any age. The rate of decline inV˙o2 maxwith age (ml · kg−1· min−1) was greater ( P < 0.001) in the endurance-trained than in the sedentary men. Whereas the relative rate of decline inV˙o2 max(percent decrease per decade from baseline levels in young adulthood) was similar in the two groups, the absolute rate of decline inV˙o2 maxwas −5.4 and −3.9 ml · kg−1· min−· decade−1in the endurance-trained and sedentary men, respectively.V˙o2 maxdeclined linearly across the age range in the sedentary men but was maintained in the endurance-trained men until ∼50 yr of age. The accelerated decline inV˙o2 maxafter 50 yr of age in the endurance-trained men was related to a decline in training volume ( r = 0.46, P < 0.0001) and was associated with an increase in 10-km running time ( r = −0.84, P < 0.0001). We conclude that the rate of decline in maximal aerobic capacity during middle and older age is greater in endurance-trained men than in their sedentary peers and is associated with a marked decline in O2pulse.

Maximal aerobic capacity across age in healthy Hispanic and Caucasian women

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1048-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian C. Schiller ◽  
Yoli G. Casas ◽  
Christopher A. Desouza ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Rate Of Decline

We tested the hypothesis that the age-related decline in maximal aerobic capacity, as measured by maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o 2 max), is greater in Hispanic than in Caucasian women. We studied 146 healthy sedentary women aged 20–75 yr: 53 Hispanic (primarily of Mexican descent) and 93 Caucasian (non-Hispanic white). The groups did not differ in mean age, body mass, percent body fat, estimated physical activity-related energy expenditure, or education-based socioeconomic status (SES). During maximal exercise, respiratory exchange ratio, rating of perceived exertion, and percent predicted maximal heart rate were similar across age and ethnicity, suggesting equivalent maximum voluntary efforts in all subjects. V˙o 2 max(ml · kg−1 · min−1) was inversely related to age ( P < 0.01) in Caucasian ( r =−0.68) and Hispanic ( r = −0.61) women. The absolute rate of decline in V˙o 2 maxwith age was the same in the two groups (−0.31 ml · kg−1 · min−1 · yr−1). The relative rate of decline (% from age 25 yr) also was similar in the Caucasian (−9.0%) and Hispanic (−9.2%) women. When subjects of all ages were pooled, mean levels ofV˙o 2 max were similar in the two groups (∼28 ml · kg−1 · min−1). These results, the first to our knowledge in Hispanics, indicate that mean levels of V˙o 2 max, as well as the rate of decline in V˙o 2 max with age, are similar in healthy sedentary Hispanic and Caucasian women of similar SES. Thus it does not appear that Hispanic ethnicity per se modulates maximal aerobic capacity in this population.

scholarly journals Decreased maximal heart rate with aging is related to reduced β-adrenergic responsiveness but is largely explained by a reduction in intrinsic heart rate

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetra D. Christou ◽  
Douglas R. Seals
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Ganglionic Blockade ◽  
Intrinsic Heart Rate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity

A decrease in maximal exercise heart rate (HRmax) is a key contributor to reductions in aerobic exercise capacity with aging. However, the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. We sought to gain insight into the respective roles of intrinsic heart rate (HRint) and chronotropic β-adrenergic responsiveness in the reductions in HRmax with aging in healthy adults. HRmax (Balke treadmill protocol to exhaustion), HRint (HR during acute ganglionic blockade with intravenous trimethaphan), and chronotropic β-adrenergic responsiveness (increase in HR with incremental intravenous infusion of isoproterenol during ganglionic blockade) were determined in 15 older (65 ± 5 yr) and 15 young (25 ± 4 yr) healthy men. In the older men, HRmax was lower (162 ± 9 vs. 191 ± 11 beats/min, P < 0.0001) and was associated with a lower HRint (58 ± 7 vs. 83 ± 9 beats/min, P < 0.0001) and chronotropic β-adrenergic responsiveness (0.094 ± 0.036 vs. 0.154 ± 0.045 ΔHR/[isoproterenol]: P < 0.0001). Both HRint ( r = 0.87, P < 0.0001) and chronotropic β-adrenergic responsiveness ( r = 0.61, P < 0.0001) were positively related to HRmax. Accounting for the effects of HRint and chronotropic β-adrenergic responsiveness reduced the age-related difference in HRmax by 83%, rendering it statistically nonsignificant ( P = 0.2). Maximal oxygen consumption was lower in the older men (34.9 ± 8.1 vs. 48.6 ± 6.7 ml·kg−1·min−1, P < 0.0001) and was positively related to HRmax ( r = 0.62, P < 0.0001), HRint ( r = 0.51, P = 0.002), and chronotropic β-adrenergic responsiveness ( r = 0.47, P = 0.005). Our findings indicate that, together, reductions in HRint and chronotropic responsiveness to β-adrenergic stimulation largely explain decreases in HRmax with aging, with the reduction in HRint playing by far the greatest role.

Decline in VO2max with aging in master athletes and sedentary men

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2195-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rogers ◽  
J. M. Hagberg ◽  
W. H. Martin ◽  
A. A. Ehsani ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Age Related ◽  
O2 Pulse ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Sedentary Subjects

Fifteen well-trained master endurance athletes [62.0 +/- 2.3 (SE) yr] and 14 sedentary control subjects (61.4 +/- 1.4 yr) were reevaluated after an average follow-up period of approximately 8 yr to obtain information regarding the effects of physical activity on the age-related decline in maximal O2 uptake capacity (VO2max). The master athletes had been training for 10.2 +/- 2.9 yr before initial testing and continued to train during the follow-up period. The sedentary subjects' VO2max declined by an average of 3.3 ml.kg-1.min-1 (33.9 +/- 1.7 vs. 30.6 +/- 1.6, P less than 0.001) over the course of the study, a decline of 12% per decade. In these subjects maximal heart rate declined 8 beats/min (171 vs. 163) and maximal O2 pulse decreased from 0.20 to 0.18 ml.kg-1.beat (P less than 0.05). The master athletes' VO2 max decreased by an average of 2.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 (54.0 +/- 1.7 vs. 51.8 +/- 1.8, P less than 0.05), a 5.5% decline per decade. The master athletes' maximal heart rate was unchanged (171 +/- 3 beats/min) and their maximal O2 pulse decreased from 0.32 to 0.30 ml.kg-1.beat (P less than 0.05). These findings provide evidence that the age-related decrease in VO2max of master athletes who continue to engage in regular vigorous endurance exercise training is approximately one-half the rate of decline seen in age-matched sedentary subjects. Furthermore our results suggest that endurance exercise training may reduce the rate of decline in maximal heart rate that typically occurs as an individual ages.

scholarly journals Effects of Daily Vitamin D Supplementation on Objectively Measured Physical Activity: Results From the STURDY Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 760-760
Author(s):  
Jennifer Schrack ◽  
Jacek Urbanek ◽  
Amal Wanigatunga ◽  
Stephen Juraschek ◽  
Christine Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Daily Vitamin ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Cross-sectional evidence suggests older adults with higher serum vitamin D are more physically active, but whether long-term vitamin D supplementation attenuates age-related declines in physical activity (PA) is undefined. We examined the association between vitamin D supplementation and daily PA in 639 STURDY participants (aged 77 (5.4) years; 44% women) over up to 24-months. Participants were randomized to receive 200 (n=275), 1000 (n=168), 2000 (n=59), or 4000 (n=63) IU/day of vitamin D3. PA was measured using the Actigraph Link wrist-worn accelerometer 24 hours/day for 7-days at baseline, 3, 12, and 24 months. In linear mixed models adjusted for baseline PA level, total daily PA appeared to decline (β=-43.3 counts, p=0.06) annually for all groups and there was no difference by vitamin D3 dose (p for group*time =0.14). These results suggest daily vitamin D supplementation has no effect on quantities of daily PA.

Longitudinal changes in aerobic power in older men and women

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 781-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Stathokostas ◽  
Shanthi Jacob-Johnson ◽  
Robert J. Petrella ◽  
Donald H. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Young Old

The purpose of this study was to describe the longitudinal (10 yr) decline in aerobic power [maximal O2 uptake (V̇o2 max)] and anaerobic threshold [ventilatory threshold (TV̇e)] of older adults living independently in the community. Ten years after initial testing, 62 subjects (34 men, mean age 73.5 ± 6.4 yr; 28 women, 72.1 ± 5.3 yr) achieved V̇o2 max criteria during treadmill walking tests to the limit of tolerance, with TV̇e determined in a subset of 45. V̇o2 max in men showed a rate of decline of −0.43 ml·kg−1·min−1·yr−1, and the decline in V̇o2 max was consequent to a lowered maximal heart rate with no change in the maximum O2 pulse. The women showed a slower rate of decline of V̇o2 max of −0.19·ml·kg−1·min−1·yr−1 ( P < 0.05), again with a lowered HRmax and unchanged O2 pulse. In this sample, lean body mass was not changed over the 10-yr period. Changes in V̇o2 max were not significantly related to physical activity scores. TV̇e showed a nonsignificant decline in both men and women. Groupings of young-old (65–72 yr at follow-up) vs. old-old (73–90 yr at follow-up) were examined. In men, there were no differences in the rate of V̇o2 max decline. The young-old women showed a significant decline in V̇o2 max, whereas old-old women, initially at a V̇o2 max of 19.4 ± 3.1 ml·kg−1·min−1, showed no loss in V̇o2 max. The longitudinal data, vs. cross-sectional analysis, showed a greater decline for men but similar estimates of the rates of change in women. Thus the 10-yr longitudinal study of the cohort of community-dwelling older adults who remained healthy, ambulatory, and independent showed a 14% decline in V̇o2 max in men, and a smaller decline of 7% in women, with the oldest women showing little change over the 10-yr period.

scholarly journals Heritability of glaucoma and glaucoma-related endophenotypes: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e019049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigus Gebrmedhin Asefa ◽  
Anna Neustaeter ◽  
Nomdo M Jansonius ◽  
Harold Snieder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

IntroductionGlaucoma is the second leading cause of age-related vision loss worldwide; it is an umbrella term that is used to describe a set of complex ocular disorders with a multifactorial aetiology. Both genetic and lifestyle risk factors for glaucoma are well established. Thus far, however, systematic reviews on the heritability of glaucoma have focused on the heritability of primary open-angle glaucoma only. No systematic review has comprehensively reviewed or meta-analysed the heritability of other types of glaucoma, including glaucoma-related endophenotypes. The aim of this study will be to identify relevant scientific literature regarding the heritability of both glaucoma and related endophenotypes and summarise the evidence by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 checklist, which provides a standardised approach for carrying out systematic reviews. To capture as much literature as possible, a comprehensive step-by-step systematic search will be undertaken in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, and studies published until 31 December 2017 will be included. Two reviewers will independently search the articles for eligibility according to predefined selection criteria. A database will be used for screening of eligible articles. The quality of the included studies will be rated independently by two reviewers, using the National Health Institute Quality Assessment tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. A random-effects model will be used for the meta-analysis. This systematic review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with a registration number: CRD42017064504.Ethics and disseminationWe will use secondary data from peer-reviewed published articles, and hence there is no requirement for ethics approval. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

scholarly journals Homophily in delinquent behavior: The rise and fall of friend similarity across adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Richmond ◽  
Brett Laursen ◽  
Håkan Stattin
Keyword(s):  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Delinquent Behavior ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Age Related Changes

This study examined age-related changes in friend similarity on delinquency to determine whether deviant behavior homophily peaks during mid-adolescence. A community sample of 1,663 male and 1,826 female Swedish youth from Grade 5 ( M = 11.21 years) to Grade 10 ( M = 16.25 years) provided self-reports of delinquency. Friendships were identified from nominations. Intraclass correlations revealed age group differences in friend delinquency similarity, independent of normative age-related changes in deviant behavior. Cross-sectional results indicated that similarity was greatest in the seventh grade ( M = 13.21 years). Longitudinal results from a subsample of participants revealed an increase in friend similarity from ages 11 to 13 (Grades 5 to 7) and a decline in friend similarity from ages 14 to 16 (Grades 8 to 10). The findings demonstrate that similarity between friends in delinquent behavior peaks in mid-adolescence, independent of normative age-related changes in participation in deviant acts.

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