NITROGEN BALANCES OF DOGS CONTINUOUSLY INFUSED WITH 50 PER CENT GLUCOSE AND PROTEIN PREPARATIONS

1949 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Martin Rhode ◽  
William M. Parkins ◽  
Harry M. Vars
Keyword(s):  
Cent Glucose

scholarly journals Observations on the Toxic Fractions of Scarlatinal Streptococci

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Green
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Alkaline Extract ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Serological Type ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Endotoxins ◽  
Different Strains

1. Among a series of strains of haemolytic streptococci from thirty-five cases of scarlatina in the first week of illness, fourteen were found to correspond with one or other of Griffith's serological types I, II, III and IV.2. Of these fourteen strains, twelve were selected for further examination and found to yield a true heat-labile exotoxin completely inactivated by heating for 30 min. at 100° C.3. The concentration of exotoxin in 0·5 per cent, glucose broth cultures was at a maximum after 96 hours' incubation, and thereafter on further incubation progressively diminished.4. No qualitative difference could be detected among the exotoxins from the different strains, the test criterion being the dermal reaction in Dick-positive persons.5. Cultures of organisms of the same or different serological type isolated from the same source and thereafter similarly treated yielded approximately equivalent amounts of exotoxin.6. Broth culture filtrates also contained an acid-insoluble toxic fraction, the concentration of which increased with the age of culture and which appeared to be identical with a similar acid-insoluble fraction derived from an alkaline extract of washed bacterial bodies.7. This acid-insoluble fraction was extremely heat-resistant, 3 hours' boiling at 100° C. being required for inactivation. In this respect the acid-insoluble fraction corresponded to the bacterial endotoxins.8. The acid-insoluble fractions from cultures of the same serological type produced equivalent skin reactions in susceptible persons.9. The acid-insoluble fractions from cultures of different serological types differed qualitatively as determined by skin reactions.10. The reaction to crude filtrate was found to be the sum of the reactions to the exotoxin fraction and to the acid-insoluble fraction present in the filtrate.

scholarly journals THE RELATION OF THE PNEUMOCOCCUS TO HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION, ACID DEATH-POINT, AND DISSOLUTION OF THE ORGANISM

1919 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick T. Lord ◽  
Robert N. Nye
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Fluid Media

1. In the growth and death of the pneumococcus in fluid media containing 1 per cent glucose the production of acid is the most important bactericidal factor. 2. 1 per cent glucose bouillon cultures of the pneumococcus allowed to grow and die out usually reach a final acidity of a pH of about 5.1. 3. At a hydrogen ion concentration of about 5.1 or higher, the pneumococcus does not survive longer than a few hours. 4. In hydrogen ion concentrations of about 6.8 to 7.4 the pneumococcus may live for at least many days. 5. In the intervening hydrogen ion concentrations, between 6.8 and 5.1, the pneumococcus is usually killed with a rapidity which bears a direct relation to the hydrogen ion concentration; i.e., the greater the acidity the more rapid is the death. 6. Cloudy suspensions of washed pneumococci in hydrogen ion concentrations varying from 8.0 to 4.0 show, after incubation, dissolution of organisms in lower hydrogen ion concentrations than about 5.0. This dissolution is most marked at about 5.0 to 6.0. Some dissolution also takes place toward the more alkaline end of the scale. No dissolution occurs at the most acid end of the scale.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER OBSTRUCTION OF THE CARDIAC END OF THE STOMACH

1928 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Haden ◽  
Thomas G. Orr
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Solution ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

A study is reported of the effect of different methods of treatment on the toxemia of cardiac obstruction. The average duration of life of untreated dogs is 3 days. Three dogs treated with 1 per cent salt solution subcutaneously lived 32, 36, and 45 days respectively without developing a toxemia. 2 per cent glucose similarly given, does not alter the course of the toxemia. Concentrated salt solution in small quantities given directly into the jejunum prevents the marked rise in non-protein nitrogen but does not materially prolong life. Release of the obstruction does not change the course of the toxemia in untreated animals. The subcutaneous injection of 1 per cent sodium chloride solution after release of the obstruction causes a rapid return of the blood to normal and allows the animal to recover. A similar amount of fluid given as 2 per cent glucose does not alter the course of the toxemia after release of the obstruction.

BEHAVIOR, DIET AND GLUCOSURIA OF DIABETIC CHILDREN IN A SUMMER CAMP

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
William B. Weil ◽  
Marvin B. Sussman
Keyword(s):  
Summer Camp ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Emotional Adjustment ◽  
The Self ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Group Position ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Caloric Consumption

Observations were made on 13 pre-adolescent diabetic boys at a summer camp. Glucosuria, hypoglycemia, dietary intake with self-regulated and prescribed diets, emotional adjustment and measures of group structure were recorded and correlated to determine the relationship between psychologic-sociologic factors and metabolic changes in the diabetic state. Average values for glucosuria for the entire group indicated that during the period of a prescribed diet, the per cent glucose in the urine was not statistically different during any of the three periods of the 24 hours. With the self-regulated diet there was a significantly greater per cent glucose in the urine during the day and evening periods than during the night period. The type of diet the boys had received at home did not affect their performance during the two dietary programs. There was less hypoglycemia and a higher per cent glucose in the urine during the day with the self-regulated diet than with the prescribed diet. These differences were significant, with a P value of less than .025. There was no difference in glucosuria during the night collection with the two dietary programs. Well adjusted boys had less of an increase in glucosuria when they went from a prescribed diet to a self-regulated one than did the poorly adjusted boys. The differences in glucosuria were partially correlated with the differences in caloric consumption, the poor adjustors having a greater increase in calories consumed than the good adjustors. These changes did not reach the .05 level of significance. Eating as a preferred activity increased in prominence during the course of the study. Group structure did not become well defined with these boys because of the lack of a cabin-oriented program in the camp, so no correlation could be made between group position and change in glucosuria.

Some points relating to the Morphology and Development of Sarcocystis tenella

Parasitology ◽  
1923 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Congenital Transmission ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Heavy Infection ◽  
Glucose Water ◽  
Sheep Scrapie ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Sarcocystis Tenella

A short description is given of an important disease of sheep (Scrapie, Traber-krankheit, La Tremblante), believed to be caused by a heavy infection with Sarcocystis tenella, probably of increased virulence.The itchiness and paresis, the congenital transmission by the mother, the non-contagiousness, the long incubation period, etc., are readily explained on this view and a method of control of the disease based on this theory has been highly successful.The sarcocyst has been shown to be transmitted from sheep to sheep by intrauterine infection and by means of the milk.The minute structure of the sarcocyst is described and it has been shown in particular that the sickle-shaped spores are surrounded by a capsule. Under certain conditions, as in 1 per cent, glucose water and in the centre of the ripe cyst, these spores swell out and become globular, eventually bursting and scattering small chromatin granules. The further evolution of these granules is dealt with.The spread by means of milk and by the intestinal route is discussed1.

scholarly journals IDENTITY OF THE TOXINS OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF BACILLUS WELCHII AND FACTORS INFLUENCING THEIR PRODUCTION IN VITRO

1917 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 867-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carroll G. Bull ◽  
Ida W. Pritchett
Keyword(s):  
Virulent Strain ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Different Sources

Twenty-two additional strains of Bacillus welchii have been collected from widely different sources and tested with regard to toxin production. Each strain produces a toxin which, on animal inoculation, gives rise to lesions comparable in every respect to those produced by the toxins previously reported on, and each toxin was neutralized by an immune (antitoxic) serum produced with one of the former toxins. The toxins obtained from the several individual strains varied in potency, the lethal dose ranging from 0.3 to 3 cc. Experiments have been made to determine the influence of fresh muscle and glucose on toxin production and the relation of acidity to toxicity in the filtrates. It has been found that the addition of fresh muscle to the medium increases the potency of the toxin fivefold. Autoclaved muscle is without effect. Beef infusion broth containing 0.2 to 1 per cent glucose gives a more potent product than sugar-free broth, while when higher percentages are employed the toxin production is lowered. There is no direct relation between acidity and toxicity, the most acid products manifesting little or no toxic action. In every medium used for culture the potency of the filtrates rapidly diminished after 24 hours' incubation, while the acidity increased or remained constant. The exception to this rule has been pointed out. The most active toxin is obtained by growing a virulent strain of the bacilli in a 0.2 or 0.3 per cent glucose broth to which fragments of fresh muscle have been added, and collecting the filtrate after from 18 to 24 hours' incubation. A review of the literature on the pathogenic effects and toxic products of Bacillus welchii and on the results of immunization of animals with the bacilli or toxic products does not indicate that the exotoxic nature of Bacillus welchii had been previously determined or an antitoxic serum in the true sense produced. The antitoxin for Bacillus welchii toxin can apparently be prepared from a single strain of the organism which yields under the conditions described a high titer of toxin, and this antitoxin can be employed to combat infection with or prevent infection by any strain whatever of the bacillus.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alkali Metal, Magnesium, and Calcium Ions on the Motility of Fowl Spermatozoa

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Wales ◽  
IG White
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Calcium Ions ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Cent Glucose ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Cent Sodium

Potassium (5-45mM), magnesium (1�5-IS�5mM), and calcium (O�3-2�7mM) chlQrides each increase the viability of fowl spermatozoa in vitro when added to a diluent composed of O� 02M sodium phosphate buffer, 0�5 per cent. sodium chloride, and I� 5 per cent. glucose.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document