Conductivity changes in some organs after circulatory arrest

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Harreveld ◽  
M. P. Biber
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Intracellular Compartment ◽  
Extracellular Compartment ◽  
Submaxillary Salivary Gland

A loss of electrical conductivity after circulatory arrest was observed in the submaxillary salivary gland, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. A drop in conductivity of 85–90% of the original value developed in about 0.5 hr in the liver. In the kidney the loss was less severe. Salivary glands lost about 70–80% of their conductivity in 1.5 hr. The losses in muscle conductivity developed late and were not greater than 50%. The drop in conductivity observed in the various organs after circulatory arrest can be accounted for by losses of extracellular electrolytes from the tissues, which could be demonstrated in preparations stained for chloride. In this context the electrolytes in the blood plasma have to be included in the extracellular compartment. The extracellular electrolytes are lost either because they are transported into the intracellular compartment or because they leave the tissue with blood that flows out of the organ after circulatory arrest.

scholarly journals  Developmental Morphological Analyses on the Preglottal Salivary Gland in Japanese Quails (Coturnix Japonica)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Osman Khalifa ◽  
Mahmoud Abd-ElKareem ◽  
Wafaa Gaber ◽  
TS Li ◽  
Abdelmohaimen M. Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Early Embryonic Stage

Abstract To understand the development of the mucous preglottal salivary gland in Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), morphological and histochemical studies were performed on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos (aging from 10 th to 17 th incubation days) and 25 healthy quail chicks (aging from 0 th to 60 th days). The primordia of preglottal salivary gland was observed as an epithelial bud at the early embryonic stage, which then elongated and differentiated into secretory units by the end of this stage. In Japanese quails, the preglottal salivary gland was a mucous polystomatic tubulo-alveolar unpaired gland composed of two lateral portions and a middle one embedded into submucosa of the lingual root. The gland openings accompanied taste pore (8.17 μm) of taste buds associated salivary glands type; some skeletal muscle fibers embedded among secretory lobules extended from muscle cricohyoideus at 14 th day old quail chick. Also, both herbts corpuscles and secretory motor plexus could be detected among secretory lobules. Based on our investigations, the development of preglottal salivary gland could clearly be distinguished in the embryonic stage into prebud and bud stages at 10 th day old, cord and branching stages ended by cavitation at 11 th day old, canalization stage at 13 th day old, lobulation and secretory stages by the 17 th day old. This mucous secretion showed different histochemical reactions ended with highly alcinophilic mucous indicated highly sialomucin (acidic) content. Myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated at 17-day old quail embryo and there after, surrounded the secretory endpieces of the preglottal salivary gland.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

scholarly journals Neurofibromin expression by normal salivary glands

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloá Borges Luna ◽  
Pâmella Pinho Montovani ◽  
Rafaela Elvira Rozza-de-Menezes ◽  
Karin Soares Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Sublingual Gland ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Ductal Cells

AbstractIntroductionNeurofibromin, a protein encoded by theNF1gene, is mutated in neurofibromatosis 1, one of the most common genetic diseases. Oral manifestations are common and a high prevalence of hyposalivation was recently described in individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. Although neurofibromin is ubiquitously expressed, its expression levels vary depending on the tissue type and developmental stage of the organism. The role of neurofibromin in the development, morphology, and physiology of salivary glands is unknown and a detailed expression of neurofibromin in human normal salivary glands has never been investigated.AimTo investigate the expression levels and distribution of neurofibromin in acinar and ductal cells of major and minor salivary glands of adult individuals without NF1.Material and methodTen samples of morphologically normal major and minor salivary glands (three samples of each gland: parotid, submandibular and minor salivary; and one sample of sublingual gland) from individuals without neurofibromatosis 1 were selected to assess neurofibromin expression through immunohistochemistry. Immunoquantification was performed by a digital method.ResultsNeurofibromin was expressed in the cytoplasm of both serous and mucous acinar cells, as well as in ducts from all the samples of salivary glands. Staining intensity varied from mild to strong depending on the type of salivary gland and region (acini or ducts). Ducts had higher neurofibromin expression than acinar cells (p = 0.003). There was no statistical association between the expression of neurofibromin and the type of the salivary gland, considering acini (p = 0.09) or ducts (p = 0.50) of the four salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, minor salivary, and sublingual gland). Similar results were obtained comparing the acini (p = 0.35) and ducts (p = 0.50) of minor and major salivary glands. Besides, there was no correlation between the expression of neurofibromin and age (p = 0.08), and sex (p = 0.79) of the individuals, considering simultaneously the neurofibromin levels of acini and duct (n = 34).ConclusionNeurofibromin is expressed in the cytoplasm of serous and mucous acinar cells, and ductal cells of salivary glands, suggesting that this protein is important for salivary gland function.

Trypanosome infections and survival in tsetse

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 116 (S1) ◽  
pp. S23-S28 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Maudlin ◽  
S. C. Welburn ◽  
P. J. M. Milligan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Glossina Morsitans Morsitans ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Vectorial Capacity ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
Differential Effects

SummaryThe effect of trypanosome infection on vector survival was observed in a line of Glossina morsitans morsitans selected for susceptibility to trypanosome infection. The differential effects of midgut and salivary gland infections on survival were examined by exposing flies to infection with either Trypanosoma congolense which colonizes midgut and mouthparts or Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense which colonizes midgut and salivary glands. A comparison of the survival distributions of uninfected flies with those exposed to infection showed that salivary gland infection significantly reduces tsetse survival; midgut infection had little or no effect on the survival of tsetse. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the vectorial capacity of wild flies.

First Insights into the Molecular Basis of Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Salivary Glands

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Voz ◽  
W.J.M. Van de Ven ◽  
K. Kas
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumor ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Chromosome 8 ◽  
Gland Tumor ◽  
Histopathological Classification ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenomas ◽  
Chromosomal Changes

Pleomorphic adenoma, or mixed tumor of the salivary glands, is a benign tumor originating from the major and minor salivary glands. Eighty-five percent of these tumors are found in the parotid gland, 10% in the minor (sublingual) salivary glands, and 5% in the submandibular gland. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor, accounting for almost 50% of all neoplasms in these organs. In fact, after the first observation of recurrent loss of chromosome 22 in meningioma, this was the second type of benign tumor for which non-random chromosomal changes were reported. The rate of malignant change with the potential to metastasize has been reported to be only 2 to 3%, and only a few cases of metastasizing pleomorphic salivary gland adenomas have been described to date. The fact that these tumors arise in organs located in an ontogenetic transitional zone, a region where endoderm and ectoderm meet, might be one of the reasons for the often-problematic histopathological classification. This type of benign tumor has been cytogenetically very well-characterized, with several hundreds of tumors karyotyped. In addition to the cytogenetic subgroup with an apparently normal diploid stemline (making up approximately 30% of the cases), three major cytogenetic subgroups can be distinguished. In addition to a subgroup showing non-recurrent clonal abnormalities, another subgroup is composed of tumors with various translocations involving 12ql5. By far the largest cytogenetic subgroup, however, consists of tumors with chromosome 8 abnormalities, mainly showing translocations involving region 8ql2. The most frequently encountered aberration in this group is a t(3;8)(p21;q12).

Mesenchymal control over elongating and branching morphogenesis in salivary gland development

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-221
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Nogawa ◽  
Takeo Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Mouse Submaxillary Gland ◽  
Gland Development

Recombination of the epithelium and mesenchyme between quail anterior submaxillary gland (elongating type) and quail anterior lingual or mouse submaxillary gland (branching type) was effected in vitro to clarify whether the elongating morphogenesis was directed by the epithelial or the mesenchymal component. Quail anterior submaxillary epithelium recombined with quail anterior lingual or mouse submaxillary mesenchyme came to branch. Conversely, quail anterior lingual or 12-day mouse submaxillary epithelium recombined with quail anterior submaxillary mesenchyme came to elongate, though the mesenchyme was less effective with 13-day mouse submaxillary epithelium. These results suggest that the elongating or branching morphogenesis of quail salivary glands is controlled by the mesenchyme.

Rare case of epidemic mumps

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
H. S. Khaertynov
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Epidemic Parotitis ◽  
Mumps Infection

Diagnosis of epidemic parotitis (EP) in typical cases of the disease is not difficult, which is explained by the salivary gland involvement characteristic of this infection. It is known that in the pathological process of ES, in addition to salivary glands, pancreas, testicles, etc. can be involved. At the same time, different authors assess the possibility of their isolated involvement ambiguously: either pancreatitis or orchitis are the only manifestations of mumps infection, or involvement of salivary glands in the pathological process is a mandatory component of ES and, therefore, involvement of other glands cannot be isolated.

Kallikrein-related peptidase 10 expression in salivary gland tissues and tumours

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Darling ◽  
Nelly N. Hashem ◽  
Irene Zhang ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed ◽  
Kevin Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Pleomorphic Adenoma ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumour ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
Gland Tumour

Objectives Kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) has been implicated in the development of several types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of KLK10 in 3 types of salivary gland tumour and normal salivary glands. Materials and methods: A standard immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to assess the Immunoexpression profile of KLK10 in normal salivary glands and 3 types of salivary gland tumour: pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Results Pleomorphic adenomas showed significantly lower KLK10 levels than control tissues. Neither of the malignant tumours (adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma) showed a significant alteration in the immunoreactive scores of KLK10 in comparison with the normal salivary gland tissues. KLK10 immunoreactive scores were comparable in adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Pleomorphic adenoma had significantly lower levels of KLK10 than mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusions The finding of lower KLK10 levels in pleomorphic adenoma suggests aberrant expression in a tumour that develops primarily from myoepithelial cells. A kallikrein cascade may play a role in the development and/or outcome of some salivary gland tumours.

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