Series elasticity of urinary bladder smooth muscle

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Stiffness ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Series Elasticity ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Contractile System ◽  
Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
In Series ◽  
A Minor

Loops of rat bladder were stretched between pins in vitro, supported by a clamp that could be suddenly shortened by activation of a solenoid to achieve a quick release of tension. The series elasticity measured in this fashion was found to follow an exponential course and to be modified by the rate of release, indicating a minor viscous component. Tissue length decreased and series elastic stiffness appeared to increase with muscle contraction, but no alteration in series elasticity was evident when the data were related to the tension existing in the tissue at the moment of quick release. Inactivation of the contractile system by removing calcium ion with ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetate (EGTA) similarly did not alter series elasticity when it was related to the tension existing in the tissue. Series elasticity during the stress relaxation following a stretch, and during the contracting and relaxing phases of rhythmic contractions, was also determined by tissue tension. The conclusion drawn is that contractile cross bridges do not contribute to the series elasticity measured in bladder tissue.

In vitro and in vivo relaxation of urinary bladder smooth muscle by the selective myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Zhang ◽  
Dwaraka Srinivasa R. Kuppam ◽  
Arnold Melman ◽  
Michael E. DiSanto
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle

An Investigation of Nano-structured Polymers for Use as Bladder Tissue Replacement Constructs

2001 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Thapa ◽  
Thomas J. Webster ◽  
Karen M. Haberstroh
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Tissue Replacement ◽  
Tissue Constructs

ABSTRACTConventionally, studies investigating the design of synthetic bladder wall substitutes have involved polymers with micro-dimensional structures. Since the body is made up of nano-structured components (e.g., extracellular matrix proteins), our focus has been in the use of nano-structured polymers in order to design a three-dimensional synthetic bladder construct that mimics bladder tissue in vivo. In order to complete this task, we fabricated novel, nano-structured, biodegradable materials to serve as substrates for bladder tissue constructs and tested the cytocompatibility properties of these biomaterials in vitro. The results from our in vitro work to date have provided the first evidence that cellular responses (such as adhesion and proliferation) of bladder smooth muscle cells are enhanced as poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) surface feature dimensions are reduced into the nanometer range.

Simulation of In Vitro-Like Electrical Activities in Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Chitaranjan Mahapatra ◽  
Rohit Manchanda
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Neurotransmitter Release ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Activities

Urinary bladder smooth muscle (UBSM) generates spontaneous electrical activities due to stochastic nature of purinergic neurotransmitter release from the parasympathetic nerve. The stochastic nature of the purinergic neurotransmitter release was represented by a simplified ‘point-conductance’ model to mimic in vitro-like electrical activities in UBSM cell. The point-conductance was represented by the independent synaptic conductance described by the stochastic random-walk processes and injected into a single-compartment model of mouse UBSM cell. This model successfully evoked irregular spontaneous depolarizations (SDs) and spontaneous action potential (sAP) as the properties of in vitro-like electrical activities in UBSM cells. The model mimics the T- and L-type Ca2+ ion channel blocker by setting their respective conductance to zero. We also found that the point-conductance model modulates the sAP properties by adding background activity.

scholarly journals Urothelial Calcium-Sensing Receptor Modulates Micturition Function via Mediating Detrusor Activity and Ameliorates Bladder Hyperactivity in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 960
Author(s):  
Wei-Yi Wu ◽  
Shih-Pin Lee ◽  
Bing-Juin Chiang ◽  
Wei-Yu Lin ◽  
Chiang-Ting Chien
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Calcium Sensing Receptor ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Micturition Reflex ◽  
Bladder Urothelium ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Bladder Disorders

The urothelium displays mechano- and chemosensory functions via numerous receptors and channels. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) detects extracellular calcium and modulates several physiological functions. Nonetheless, information about the expression and the role of CaSR in lower urinary tract has been absent. We aimed to determine the existence of urothelial CaSR in urinary bladder and its effect on micturition function. We utilized Western blot to confirm the expression of CaSR in bladder and used immunofluorescence to verify the location of the CaSR in the bladder urothelium via colocalization with uroplakin III A. The activation of urothelial CaSR via the CaSR agonist, AC-265347 (AC), decreased urinary bladder smooth muscle (detrusor) activity, whereas its inhibition via the CaSR antagonist, NPS-2143 hydrochloride (NPS), increased detrusor activity in in vitro myography experiments. Cystometry, bladder nerve activities recording, and bladder surface microcirculation detection were conducted to evaluate the effects of the urothelial CaSR via intravesical administrations. Intravesical AC inhibited micturition reflex, bladder afferent and efferent nerve activities, and reversed cystitis-induced bladder hyperactivity. The urothelial CaSR demonstrated a chemosensory function, and modulated micturition reflex via regulating detrusor activity. This study provided further evidence of how the urothelial CaSR mediated micturition and implicated the urothelial CaSR as a potential pharmacotherapeutic target in the intervention of bladder disorders.

scholarly journals Generation of a cell line with smooth muscle phenotype from hypertrophied urinary bladder

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (1) ◽  
pp. C373-C382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongmu Zheng ◽  
Wilfried T. Weber ◽  
Shuqin Wang ◽  
Alan J. Wein ◽  
Stephen A. Zderic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle ◽  
A Cell

We have established a cell line from hypertrophied rabbit urinary bladder smooth muscle (SM) that stably expresses SM myosin (SMM). These cells, termed BSM, are spindle shaped and form swirls, similar to the “hills and valleys” described for cultured aortic SM cells. Western blotting revealed that BSM expresses the amino-terminal SMM heavy chain isoform SM-B, the carboxy-terminal SM1 and SM2 isoforms, and SM α-actin. In addition, they express cGMP-dependent protein kinase G, made by contractile SM cells in vitro but not by noncontractile cells synthesizing extracellular matrix. Immunofluorescence studies indicate a homogeneous population of cells expressing α-actin and SMM, including the SM-B isoform, and karyotyping demonstrates a stable 4N chromosomal pattern. These cells also express calcium-dependent myosin light chain kinase and phosphatase activity and contract in response to the muscarinic agonist bethanechol. To our knowledge, BSM is the first visceral SM cell line that expresses the SM-B isoform and might serve as a useful model to study the transcriptional regulation of tissue-specific SMM isoforms in differentiation and pathological SM.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Volatile Compounds and Minerals in Five Different Onion Varieties

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rokayya Sami ◽  
Abeer Elhakem ◽  
Mona Alharbi ◽  
Manal Almatrafi ◽  
Nada Benajiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Red Variety ◽  
A Minor

Onions contain high antioxidants compounds that fight inflammation against many diseases. The purpose was to investigate some selected bioactive activities of onion varieties (Yellow, Red, Green, Leek, and Baby). Antioxidant assays and anti-inflammatory activities such as NO production with the addition of some bioactive components were determined and analyzed by using a spectrophotometer. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the volatile compounds, while an Atomic absorption spectrometer was used for mineral determinations. Red variety achieved the highest antioxidant activities. The total flavonoids were between (12.56 and 353.53 mg Quercetin/gin dry weight) (dw) and the total phenol was (8.75–25.73 mg/g dw). Leek, Yellow and Green extracts achieved highly anti-inflammatory values (3.71–4.01 μg/mL) followed by Red and Baby extracts, respectively. The highest contents of sodium, potassium, zinc, and calcium were established for Red onions. Furfuraldehyde, 5-Methyl-2-furfuraldehyde, 2-Methyl-2-pentenal, and 1-Propanethiol were the most predominant, followed by a minor abundance of the other compounds such as Dimethyl sulfide, Methyl allyl disulfide, Methyl-trans-propenyl-disulfide, and Methyl propyl disulfide. The results recommend that these varieties could act as sources of essential antioxidants and anti-inflammatories to decrease inflammation and oxidative stresses, especially red onions that recorded high activities.

scholarly journals Species pattern of phosphatidylinositol from lung surfactant and a comparison of the species pattern of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol synthesized de novo in lung microsomal fractions

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Rüstow ◽  
Y Nakagawa ◽  
H Rabe ◽  
K Waku ◽  
D Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Surfactant Phospholipids ◽  
Species Pattern ◽  
A Minor

1. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is a minor component of lung surfactant which may be able to replace the functionally important phosphatidylglycerol (PG) [Beppu, Clements & Goerke (1983) J. Appl. Physiol. 55, 496-502] without disturbing lung function. The dipalmitoyl species is one of the main species for both PI (14.4%) and PG (16.9%). Besides the C16:0--C16:0 species, the C16:0--C18:0, C16:0--C18:1, C16:0--C18:2 and C18:0--C18:1 species showed comparable proportions in the PG and PI fractions. These similarities of the species patterns and the acidic character of both phospholipids could explain why surfactant PG may be replaced by PI. 2. PI and PG were radiolabelled by incubation of microsomal fractions with [14C]glycerol 3-phosphate (Gro3P). For 11 out of 14 molecular species of PI and PG we measured comparable proportions of radioactivity. The radioactivity of these 11 species accounted together for more than 80% of the total. The addition of inositol to the incubation system decreased the incorporation in vitro of Gro3P into PG and CDP-DG (diacylglycerol) of lung microsomes (microsomal fractions), but did not change the distribution of radioactivity among the molecular species of PG. These results supported the idea that both acidic surfactant phospholipids may be synthesized de novo from a common CDP-DG pool in lung microsomes.

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