Temporal regulation of cytokine mRNA expression by tristetraprolin: dynamic control by p38 MAPK and MKP-1

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (9) ◽  
pp. L973-L980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavan Prabhala ◽  
Kristin Bunge ◽  
Md. Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Qi Ge ◽  
Andrew R. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Cytokine Mrna Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Cytokines drive many inflammatory diseases, including asthma. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for cytokine secretion will allow us to develop novel strategies to repress inflammation in the future. Harnessing the power of endogenous anti-inflammatory proteins is one such strategy. In this study, we investigate the p38 MAPK-mediated regulatory interaction of two anti-inflammatory proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) and tristetraprolin (TTP), in the context of asthmatic inflammation. Using primary cultures of airway smooth muscle cells in vitro, we explored the temporal regulation of IL-6 cytokine mRNA expression upon stimulation with TNF-α. Intriguingly, the temporal profile of mRNA expression was biphasic. This was not due to COX-2-derived prostanoid upregulation, increased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, or upregulation of the cognate receptor for TNF-α-TNFR1. Rather, the biphasic nature of TNF-α-induced IL-6 mRNA expression was regulated temporally by the RNA-destabilizing molecule, TTP. Importantly, TTP function is controlled by p38 MAPK, and our study reveals that its expression in airway smooth muscle cells is p38 MAPK-dependent and its anti-inflammatory activity is also controlled by p38 MAPK-mediated phosphorylation. MKP-1 is a MAPK deactivator; thus, by controlling p38 MAPK phosphorylation status in a temporally distinct manner, MKP-1 ensures that TTP is expressed and made functional at precisely the correct time to repress cytokine expression. Together, p38 MAPK, MKP-1, and TTP may form a regulatory network that exerts significant control on cytokine secretion in proasthmatic inflammation through precise temporal signaling.

scholarly journals Anticolitic Effect of Berberine in Rat Experimental Model: Impact of PGE2/p38 MAPK Pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Li Jia ◽  
Kuijin Xue ◽  
Junheng Liu ◽  
Ola A. Habotta ◽  
Lianhai Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses

Berberine (BER), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid, has been demonstrated to have appreciable anticolitis effects. Nevertheless, the protective mechanism of BER in ulcerative colitis (UC) is barely understood. The present study was aimed at exploring the therapeutic efficacy of BER on UC in experimental colitis rat model. Rats were orally administered with BER for seven days at low and high doses (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) before AcOH intracolonic instillation. BER significantly retrieved colon inflammation and mucosal damage indicated by inhibition of macroscopic score and lessened the levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MPO, and PGE2). Notable downregulation of mRNA expression of p38 MAPK and increased protein expression of TGF-β were achieved by BER treatment. The anti-inflammatory potential of BER was supported by the histopathological screening of colon mucosa. In addition, BER restored colonic antioxidant capacity through elevation of GSH level and antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR) together with reductions of both MDA and NO levels. Marked downregulation of Nos2 mRNA expression is accompanied by increased Nrf2 and Hmox-1 expressions in colon specimens treated by BER. Furthermore, BER exhibited noticeable antiapoptotic activities through decreasing proapoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) and lessening antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein in the colon mucosa. Based on these findings, BER may improve colitis markedly which may be mediated by its striking antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties.

IL-13 and IL-4 cause eotaxin release in human airway smooth muscle cells: a role for ERK

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (4) ◽  
pp. L847-L853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Moore ◽  
Trudi L. Church ◽  
David D. Chism ◽  
Reynold A. Panettieri ◽  
Stephanie A. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Human Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Human Airway ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells express interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4 receptors and respond to these cytokines with signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether IL-13 and/or IL-4 influence eotaxin release in HASM cells and whether the ERK mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway is involved in these events. Eotaxin release into HASM cell supernatants was assayed by ELISA, and eotaxin mRNA expression was determined by Northern blot analysis. Pretreatment with either IL-13 or IL-4 resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent release of eotaxin, although IL-4 was more effective. Eotaxin release was approximately twice baseline after treatment with 50 ng/ml IL-13 or IL-4 ( P < 0.001). IL-13 and IL-4 also acted synergistically with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α to induce eotaxin release: TNF-α alone (10 ng/ml for 24 h) resulted in an approximately fourfold increase in eotaxin release, whereas TNF-α in combination with IL-13 or IL-4 resulted in 10- or 20-fold increases ( P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained for eotaxin mRNA expression. Pretreatment with either U-0126 (10 μM) or PD-98059 (30 μM), both inhibitors of MAP/ERK kinase, the enzyme upstream of ERK, inhibited IL-13- or IL-4-induced eotaxin release ( P < 0.05). U-0126 also inhibited IL-13, and TNF-α induced mRNA expression. Our results indicate that IL-13 and IL-4 cause eotaxin release in HASM cells through a mechanism that, in part, involves ERK activation and suggest that the smooth muscle may be an important source of chemokines leading to eosinophil recruitment in asthma.

scholarly journals Cytokine mRNA expression responses to resistance, aerobic, and concurrent exercise in sedentary middle-aged men

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheyne E. Donges ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Greg C. Smith ◽  
Michael J. Short ◽  
Johann A. Edge
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Cytokine Mrna Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Concurrent Exercise

Concurrent resistance and aerobic exercise (CE) is recommended to ageing populations, though is postulated to induce diminished acute molecular responses. Given that contraction-induced cytokine mRNA expression reportedly mediates remunerative postexercise molecular responses, it is necessary to determine whether cytokine mRNA expression may be diminished after CE. Eight middle-aged men (age, 53.3 ±1.8 years; body mass index, 29.4 ± 1.4 kg·m−2) randomly completed (balanced for completion order) 8 × 8 leg extensions at 70% maximal strength (RE), 40 min of cycling at 55% of peak aerobic workload (AE), or (workload-matched) 50% RE and 50% AE (CE). Muscle (vastus lateralis) was obtained pre-exercise, and at 1 h and 4 h postexercise, and analyzed for changes of glycogen concentration, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, TNF receptor-1 and -2 (TNF-R1 and TNF-R2, respectively), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-6R, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor-antagonist (IL-1ra). All exercise modes upregulated cytokine mRNA expression at 1 h postexercise comparably (TNFα, TNF-R1, TNF-R2, IL-1β, IL-6) (p < 0.05). Expression remained elevated at 4 h after RE and AE (p < 0.05), though returned to pre-exercise levels after CE (p > 0.05). Moreover, AE and RE upregulated IL-1β and IL-1ra expression, whereas CE upregulated IL-1β expression only (p < 0.05). Only AE reduced muscle glycogen concentration (p < 0.05), whilst upregulating receptor expression the greatest; though, IL-6R expression remained unchanged after all modes (p > 0.05). In conclusion, in middle-aged men, all modes induced commensurate cytokine mRNA expression at 1 h postexercise; however, only CE resulted in ameliorated expression at 4 h postexercise. Whether the RE or AE components of CE are independently or cumulatively sufficient to upregulate cytokine responses, or whether they collectively inhibit cytokine mRNA expression, remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Delayed Cytokine mRNA Expression Kinetics after T-Lymphocyte Costimulation: A Quantitative Measure of the Efficacy of Cyclosporin A-based Immunosuppression

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2225-2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Härtel ◽  
Lutz Fricke ◽  
Nina Schumacher ◽  
Holger Kirchner ◽  
Michael Müller-Steinhardt
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Cytokine Mrna Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Expression Kinetics

Abstract Background: Because cyclosporin A (CsA) and glucocorticoids inhibit the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and other cytokines, quantitative analysis of cytokine mRNA might constitute a pharmacodynamic measure for immunosuppressive drug effects. We investigated whether immunosuppressive drugs influence cytokine mRNA expression kinetics during T-cell costimulation. Methods: We used a human whole blood assay to determine basal (unstimulated) IL-2, IL-4, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA concentrations and expression kinetics after anti-CD3/anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody costimulation in kidney transplant recipients undergoing CsA-based immunosuppressive triple therapy and in healthy controls (ex vivo study I). The effect of CsA on IL-2 mRNA expression kinetics was also determined ex vivo in patients undergoing CsA monotherapy (ex vivo study II) and after in vitro addition of CsA. Results: In ex vivo study I, basal TNF-α mRNA but not IL-2 and IL-4 mRNA was decreased in kidney transplant patients. We observed shifts in peak IL-2 and IL-4 (from 8 to 24 h) and TNF-α (from 4 to 8 h of costimulation) mRNA expression in kidney transplant patients after T-cell costimulation. In patients undergoing CsA monotherapy (ex vivo study II), the inhibitory effect of CsA was detectable as an individually delayed increase in IL-2 mRNA during costimulation. In vitro addition of CsA also induced a dose-independent displacement of IL-2 mRNA expression kinetics (i.e., a delay). Conclusions: A delayed increase in cytokine mRNA expression during T-cell costimulation may represent a sensitive effect of immunosuppression. The single analysis of one absolute or peak mRNA value could be misleading. For prospective studies involving measurement of cytokine mRNA, we therefore suggest the parameter “area of cytokine mRNA expression over time”, which should include absolute cytokine mRNA values at two different time points of mRNA kinetics.

Changes in urinary bladder cytokine mRNA and protein after cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Malley ◽  
Margaret A. Vizzard
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Acute Cystitis ◽  
Cytokine Mrna Expression ◽  
Tnf Α

Cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis alters micturition function and produces reorganization of the micturition reflex. This reorganization may involve cytokine expression in the urinary bladder. These studies have determined candidate cytokines in the bladder that may contribute to the reorganization process. An RNase protection assay was used to measure changes in rat bladder cytokine mRNA [interferon-γ (IFN)-γ, interleukin-1α/β (IL-1α/β), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α/β (TNF-α/β)] after acute (4 h), intermediate (48 h), or chronic (10 day) cystitis. The correlation between bladder cytokine mRNA and protein expression was also determined by immunoassay. Although at each time point after cystitis significant changes in bladder cytokine mRNA were observed, the magnitude differed (acute > intermediate > chronic). Acute cystitis demonstrated the most robust changes ( P ≤ 0.005; IL-1β, 330-fold increase; IL-2, 20-fold increase; IL-4, 8-fold increase; IL-6, 80-fold increase) in cytokine mRNA expression and TNF-α or TNF-β mRNA were only increased (2–10-fold) after acute cystitis. More modest increases in cytokine mRNA expression were observed after 48-h or 10-day cystitis. Cytokine protein expression generally paralleled that of mRNA. Increased cytokine expression after CYP-induced cystitis, alone or in combination with other inflammatory mediators or growth factors, may contribute to altered lower urinary tract function after cystitis.

GRO-α regulation in airway smooth muscle by IL-1β and TNF-α: role of NF-κB and MAP kinases

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (1) ◽  
pp. L66-L74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razao Issa ◽  
Shaoping Xie ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
Rex D. Stanbridge ◽  
Pankaj Bhavsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory Chemokines

Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) are a source of inflammatory chemokines that may propagate airway inflammatory responses. We investigated the production of the CXC chemokine growth-related oncogene protein-α (GRO-α) from ASMC induced by cytokines and the role of MAPK and NF-κB pathways. ASMC were cultured from human airways, grown to confluence, and exposed to cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α after growth arrest. GRO-α release, measured by ELISA, was increased by >50-fold after IL-1β (0.1 ng/ml) or 5-fold after TNF-α (1 ng/ml) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. GRO-α release was not affected by the T helper type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. IL-1β and TNF-α also induced GRO-α mRNA expression. Supernatants from IL-1β-stimulated ASMC were chemotactic for neutrophils; this effect was inhibited by anti-GRO-α blocking antibody. AS-602868, an inhibitor of IKK-2, and PD-98059, an inhibitor of ERK, inhibited GRO-α release and mRNA expression, whereas SP-600125, an inhibitor of JNK, reduced GRO-α release without effect on mRNA expression. SB-203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, had no effect. AS-602868 but not PD-98059 or SP-600125 inhibited p65 DNA-binding induced by IL-1β and TNF-α. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, IL-1β and TNF-α enhanced p65 binding to the GRO-α promoter, which was inhibited by AS-602868. IL-1β- and TNF-α-stimulated expression of GRO-α from ASMC is regulated by independent pathways involving NF-κB activation and ERK and JNK pathways. GRO-α released from ASMC participates in neutrophil chemotaxis.

scholarly journals Cytokine mRNA Expression in Mycobacteriam ulcerans-Infected Human Skin and Correlation with Local Inflammatory Response

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 2917-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Phillips ◽  
C. Horsfield ◽  
J. Mangan ◽  
K. Laing ◽  
S. Etuaful ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cytokine Mrna Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Cytokine mRNA expression in biopsies of Mycobacterium ulcerans-infected human tissue was investigated using real-time PCR, and the findings were correlated with the clinical stages of disease and histopathologies. A broad range of cytokine mRNAs were detected in 16 early nodules and 28 late-stage ulcers, including those for the Th1 cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and the Th2 cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10). IFN-γ was strongly expressed in both nodules and ulcers, suggesting that a Th1 response begins early in the disease. There was a significantly higher expression of IL-8 and other proinflammatory cytokines in results from 32 biopsies with neutrophilia than in those from 12 biopsies without acute inflammation. Ten tissue samples containing granulomas showed high mRNA expression for IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15, and TNF-α relative to 34 tissue samples without granulomas. These results suggest that the human immune response to M. ulcerans is similar to that seen with some other mycobacteria despite the presence of the toxin mycolactone in the tissues.

scholarly journals miR-140-3p regulation of TNF-α-induced CD38 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. L460-L468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Jude ◽  
Mythili Dileepan ◽  
Subbaya Subramanian ◽  
Julian Solway ◽  
Reynold A. Panettieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Cd38 Expression ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Reporter Assays

CD38, a membrane protein expressed in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, plays a role in cellular Ca2+ dynamics and ASM contractility. In human ASM (HASM) cells, TNF-α induces CD38 expression through activation of MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1, and its expression is differentially elevated in cells from asthmatic patients compared with cells from nonasthmatic subjects. The CD38 3′-untranslated region (UTR) has targets for miR-140-3p. We hypothesized that miR-140-3p regulates CD38 expression in HASM cells by altering CD38 mRNA stability. Basal and TNF-α-induced expression of miR-140-3p was determined in nonasthmatic ASM (NAASM) and asthmatic ASM (AASM) cells. NAASM and AASM cells were transfected with control, miR-140-3p mimic, or miR-140-3p antagomirs, and CD38 expression and CD38 mRNA stability were determined. Luciferase reporter assays were used to determine miR-140-3p binding to the CD38 3′-UTR. Activation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1 was determined in miR-140-3p mimic-transfected NAASM. TNF-α attenuated miR-140-3p expression in NAASM and AASM cells, but at a greater magnitude in AASM cells. CD38 mRNA expression was attenuated by miR-140-3p mimic at comparable magnitude in NAASM and AASM cells. Mutated miR-140-3p target on the CD38 3′-UTR reversed the inhibition of luciferase activity by miR-140-3p mimic. CD38 mRNA stability was unaltered by miR-140-3p mimic in NAASM or AASM cells following arrest of transcription. TNF-α-induced activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB was attenuated by miR-140-3p mimic. The findings indicate that miR-140-3p modulates CD38 expression in HASM cells through direct binding to the CD38 3′-UTR and indirect mechanisms involving activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB. Furthermore, indirect mechanisms appear to play a major role in the regulation of CD38 expression.

scholarly journals Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Quantification of Cytokine mRNA Expression in Golden Syrian Hamster Infected with Leishmania infantum and Treated with a New Amphotericin B Formulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rama Iñiguez ◽  
M. A. Dea-Ayuela ◽  
J. A. Sanchez-Brunete ◽  
J. J. Torrado ◽  
J. M. Alunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Syrian Hamster ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Golden Syrian Hamster ◽  
Cytokine Mrna Expression ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT A real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay was developed for the quantification of cytokine mRNA expression in the golden Syrian hamster Mesocricetus auratus infected with Leishmania infantum and treated with amphotericin B (AMB) formulated in microspheres made of human serum albumin (HSA). Treatment was administered intravenously on days 69, 71, and 73 postinfection (p.i.) with 107 metacyclic promastigotes, at doses of 2 and 40 mg/kg of AMB. High infection levels were recorded for untreated animals by day 76 p.i., with parasite loads always about 2 log10 per gram higher in the liver than in the spleen. Treatment was highly effective with both doses, but at 40 mg/kg, almost complete parasite elimination was achieved. mRNA expression of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and, to a lesser extent, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in spleen cells was up-regulated in most animals of the untreated group. The mRNA expression of interleukin-4 was strongly down-regulated in untreated as well as treated infected animals. Treatment with the lower dose of AMB-HSA down-regulated the mRNA expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α, with no effect on the deactivating cytokine TGF-β. In contrast, treatment with the higher dose (40 mg/kg) of the formulation caused moderate up-regulation of IFN-γ and TNF-α and strong suppression of TGF-β. Treatment of noninfected animals did not alter the cytokine expression pattern with regard to untreated controls. Our results suggest that treatment of L. infantum-infected Syrian hamsters with highly effective nontoxic doses of AMB-HSA causes deactivation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, which in turn results in up-regulation of the Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α.

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