Changes in lung eicosanoid content during normal and abnormal transition in perinatal lambs

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. L214-L222 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Abman ◽  
K. R. Stenmark
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Hypertensive Group

To study the potential contribution of eicosanoids in maintaining high vascular tone in utero or in modulating resistance during the normal or abnormal transition of the pulmonary circulation, we performed serial measurements of hemodynamic parameters and lung eicosanoid content in perinatal sheep with and without pulmonary hypertension. Prostacyclin (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), thromboxane (TxB2), and leukotriene contents were measured in fetal lung liquid (FLL), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue samples. Leukotriene content was barely detectable above background in FLL samples from 11 late-gestation fetuses, and lung leukotriene content in fetal lung was one-third of that measured in maternal lung (P less than 0.01). Tissue samples from serial lung biopsies obtained before and after cesarean-section delivery of late-gestation lambs demonstrated increased lung prostacyclin content after delivery (P less than 0.04), but no changes in total leukotriene or thromboxane contents were found. In an experimental model of perinatal pulmonary hypertension, prostanoid and leukotriene content of FLL obtained immediately before delivery were not different from an age-matched nonhypertensive control group. Leukotriene content in BALF and lung tissue obtained 2 h after delivery was not increased in the hypertensive group. TxB2, but not 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, content was higher in lung tissue from the hypertensive group (P less than 0.02). Thus lung leukotriene content did not decrease from fetal values after cesarean-section delivery, and the lipoxygenase pathway was not significantly activated with delivery after chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cesarean section incisional infiltration with lidocaine and Epinephrine versus Lidocaine alone in reducing postoperative pain. A randomized controlled double-blinded clinical trial

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazem F El-Shahawy ◽  
Sherif F El-Mekkawi ◽  
. Haitham F Mohmmed ◽  
Hend M Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Elective Caesarean Section ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Anesthetic Effect

Abstract Background Cesarean section delivery is becoming more frequent. Childbirth is an emotion-filled event and the mother needs to bond with her newborn baby as early as possible. Any intervention that leads to improvement in pain relief is worthy of investigation Aim of the Work to assess the efficacy and safety adding ef Epinephrine to lidocaine 2% in dose-related manner 1:200.000 in prolongation of anesthetic effect of lidocaine as a local anesthetic to reduce post; caesarean section pain after general anesthesia. Patients and Methods A total number of 200 women planned for elective caesarean section at Shams University Maternity Hospital Was recruited, 2 groups were randomized with a study group included 100 women received lidocaine 2% and epinephrine in dose-related manner and a control group included 100 women received lidocaine 2% only. Results women who received lidocaine and epinephrine were more satisfied and hadsignificant more time after caesarean section free of pain in comparison to women who received lidocaine only by 120 minutes. Also. adding Of epinephrine helped in decrease in amount of analgesic consumption after caesarean section. Women who received lidocaine and epinephrine started breast feeding and mobilization earlier than women who received lidocaine only. Epinephrine prolonged the action of lidocaine as a local anesthetic, this prolongation of action of local anesthetic had a significant effect in early mobilization and breast feeding and decrease in cost of analgesics. Nobody in our candidate had a post-operative infection, past operative pyrexia, Allergic reactions tar general anesthesia or complications with local anesthesia. Conclusion Adding of epinephrine to local anesthetics (such as lidocaine 2% in dose-related manner 1:200.0000) prolonged anesthetic effect by more than double of its original anesthetic time, This prolongation on anesthetic effect of local anesthesia by epinephrine helps in eariy mobilization; early breast feeding and less hospital duration stays. No complications (local nor systemic) developed with local infiltration of post-caesarean section incision with lidocaine 2% even aficr adding epinephrine in dose-related manner 1:200.000

Prepartum maturation of the lung in fetal sheep: relation to cortisol

1981 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kitterman ◽  
G. C. Liggins ◽  
G. A. Campos ◽  
J. A. Clements ◽  
C. S. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Physiological Factor ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fetal Lung Maturation

We studied the relationship of certain fetal and maternal hormones to indicators of lung maturation in 12 fetal lambs delivered at gestational ages (GA) of 123-149 days. Maternal estrogen, maternal progesterone, and fetal prolactin did not correlate with GA or the indicators of fetal lung maturation. Fetal cortisol (range 4-165 ng X ml-1) increased with advancing GA (r = 0.747, P less than 0.01). All of the following showed a wide range of late gestation and showed a significant positive correlation with fetal cortisol: lung volumes at 40 cmH2O and 10 cmH2O on the deflation during air pressure-volume studies; saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) in lung tissue and in lavage fluid expressed both as mg X g-1 of wet lung and as percent of total phospholipids (%PL); total SPC (lung tissue plus lavage fluid): and SPC in lavage fluid as percent of total SPC. Lung DNA correlated inversely with GA and cortisol. All variables (except lavage fluid SPC as %PL) correlated more closely with cortisol than GA. Morphological development of lung was also related more closely to cortisol than GA. These results suggest that functional lung maturity is attained late in gestation and that endogenous cortisol is an important physiological factor in control of fetal lung maturation.

Biochemical and physiological development of fetal rhesus lung

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Perelman ◽  
M. J. Engle ◽  
J. W. Kemnitz ◽  
R. V. Kotas ◽  
P. M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Fetal Lung Development ◽  
Glycogen Utilization ◽  
Lung Deflation

Study of 17 fetal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) revealed a sequential rise in lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration due to elevations in both disaturated (DSPC) and unsaturated constituents. The % DSPC in lung tissue clinical abruptly at 145 days of gestation prior to significant increases in PC or DSPC concentration but in association with improved lung deflation stability (% V10). This suggests that the DSPC-to-PC ratio may be a sensitive biochemical indicator of surfactant phospholipid production in lung parenchyma. Phosphatidyl-glycerol content did not increase significantly until after 155 days gestation, which was coincident with maximizing pulmonary distensibility (V max). Declining levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin in lung tissue at 162 days support the hypothesis that preferential synthesis of PC occurs during late gestation. A serial decline in lung glycogen content with advancing gestation may reflect glycogen utilization as a substrate for lung phospholipid production. Comparison of biochemical and physiological data confirms the impression that discordances occur among lung maturational events. Lastly, a relationship between rising fetal blood cortisol levels and indices of fetal lung development was not demonstrated.

scholarly journals Maternal and Fetal Toxicity of Carisoprodol Drug (Somadril Compound) on Pulmonary Tissues of Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Nahed Mohamed Mansour Emam
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Pregnant Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Fetal Toxicity ◽  
Oral Doses

Carisoprodol is a common muscle relaxant indicated as adjunctive therapy in acute, painful musculoskeletal cases. This current study aimed to investigate the histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical effects in the lung tissue of the pregnant rats and their fetuses after carisoprodol treatment. The present study was applied on twenty seven pregnant female rats and they were randomly divided into three groups (nine pregnant female rats in each group). Rats of the first (control) group were administered oral doses of distilled water. Rats of the second (S1) and third groups (S2) were administered oral doses of carisoprodol in the distilled water equivalent to 10.8 mg and 21.6 mg/100g body weight/day respectively for fifteen days from the six to the twenty day of gestation. Several histopathological, histochemical and some immunohistochemical changes were studied to detect the pathological changes. Maternal and fetal pulmonary tissues of both treated groups showed numerous degenerative changes post-treatment with carisoprodol, the severity of these changes was more obvious in the fetal lung tissue of both groups. Also, carisoprodol treated rats showed a marked increase in caspase-3 content in the maternal and fetal pulmonary tissues. Treatment of pregnant rats with carisoprodol drug led to numerous dystrophic changes in both maternal and fetal lung tissues.

Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in regulation of vascular and ductus arteriosus tone in the ovine fetus

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (1) ◽  
pp. L105-L110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Rairigh ◽  
Laurent Storme ◽  
Thomas A. Parker ◽  
Timothy D. le Cras ◽  
Neil Markham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
No Production ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Type I ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Great Vessels

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by NO synthase (NOS) and contributes to the regulation of vascular tone in the perinatal lung. Although the neuronal or type I NOS (NOS I) isoform has been identified in the fetal lung, it is not known whether NO produced by the NOS I isoform plays a role in fetal pulmonary vasoregulation. To study the potential contribution of NOS I in the regulation of basal fetal pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), we studied the hemodynamic effects of a selective NOS I antagonist, 7-nitroindazole (7-NINA), and a nonselective NOS antagonist, N-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), in chronically prepared fetal lambs (mean age 128 ± 3 days, term 147 days). Brief intrapulmonary infusions of 7-NINA (1 mg) increased basal PVR by 37% ( P < 0.05). The maximum increase in PVR occurred within 20 min after infusion, and PVR remained elevated for up to 60 min. Treatment with 7-NINA also increased the pressure gradient between the pulmonary artery and aorta, suggesting constriction of the ductus arteriosus (DA). To test whether 7-NINA treatment selectively inhibits the NOS I isoform, we studied the effects of 7-NINA andl-NNA on acetylcholine-induced pulmonary vasodilation. The vasodilator response to acetylcholine remained intact after treatment with 7-NINA but was completely inhibited after l-NNA, suggesting minimal effects on endothelial or type III NOS after 7-NINA infusion. Western blot analysis detected NOS I protein in the fetal lung and great vessels including the DA. NOS I protein was detected in intact and endothelium-denuded vessels, suggesting that NOS I is present in the medial or adventitial layer. We conclude that 7-NINA, a selective NOS I antagonist, increases basal PVR, systemic arterial pressure, and DA tone in the late-gestation fetus and that NOS I protein is present in the fetal lung and great vessels. We speculate that NOS I may contribute to NO production in the regulation of basal vascular tone in the pulmonary and systemic circulations and the DA.

Pulmonary vascular effects of sildenafil on the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension in the ovine fetus

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. L1193-L1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Larrue ◽  
S. Jaillard ◽  
M. Lorthioir ◽  
X. Roubliova ◽  
G. Butrous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Ovine Fetus ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
The Right

We investigated the pulmonary vascular effects of prophylactic use of sildenafil, a specific phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, in late-gestation fetal lambs with chronic pulmonary hypertension. Fetal lambs were operated on at 129 ± 1 days gestation (term = 147 days). Ductus arteriosus (DA) was compressed for 8 days to cause chronic pulmonary hypertension. Fetuses were treated with sildenafil (24 mg/day) or saline. Pulmonary vascular responses to increase in shear stress and in fetal PaO2 were studied at, respectively, day 4 and 6. Percent wall thickness of small pulmonary arteries (%WT) and the right ventricle-to-left ventricle plus septum ratio (RVH) were measured after completion of the study. In the control group, DA compression increased PA pressure (48 ± 5 to 72 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) (0.62 ± 0.08 to 1.15 ± 0.11 mmHg·ml−1·min−1, P < 0.05). Similar increase in PAP was observed in the sildenafil group, but PVR did not change significantly (0.54 ± 0.06 to 0.64 ± 0.09 mmHg·ml−1·min−1). Acute DA compression, after brief decompression, elevated PVR 25% in controls and decreased PVR 35% in the sildenafil group. Increased fetal PaO2 did not change PVR in controls but decreased PVR 60% in the sildenafil group. %WT and RVH were not different between groups. Prophylactic sildenafil treatment prevents the rise in pulmonary vascular tone and altered vasoreactivity caused by DA compression in fetal lambs. These results support the hypothesis that elevated PDE5 activity is involved in the consequences of chronic pulmonary hypertension in the perinatal lung.

scholarly journals Impact of Face-to-Face Educational Outreach Plus Printed Materials on Preoperative Anxiety level in Iranian Parturient Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section Delivery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Saliminia ◽  
Omid Azimaraghi ◽  
Zahra Ebadi ◽  
Fahimeh Azizinik ◽  
Ali Movafegh
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cesarean Section Delivery ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Elective Cesarean

Background: Anxiety, in demanding situations such as the perioperative period, can exacerbate underlying diseases and lead to a variety of perioperative complications. Educating patients not only improves the level of knowledge but can also help patients coping skills. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of face-to-face plus printed educational materials on the anxiety level of Iranian pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean section delivery in the perioperative period. Methods: STAI questionnaire was distributed to 50 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section on the day before operation, then the intervention group was educated face to face for one session followed by the pamphlet. After training, the STAI questionnaire was again distributed to the intervention group on the same day. For evaluating the level of anxiety, we also used the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The presence of nausea/vomiting after surgery and the type of anesthesia technique were recorded. Results: Basic characteristics of the parturient regarding age, education level and the baseline level of anxiety were similar. In the intervention group, the average anxiety level with STAI(S) questionnaire was 48.1 before the education and 45.2 after face to face outreach (P = 0.019). The average anxiety level with VAS score was 5.6 before the education and 4.8 after the outreach in the interventional group (P = 0.018). STAI(S) and VAS scores in the control group were 43.3 and 5.1 respectively which increased to 44.2 and 5.7 in the second survey. The correlation coefficient between score in the STAI questionnaire and VAS was 0.479. Conclusion: A single period of face to face education followed by handing out a pamphlet before an operation reduces the anxiety of mothers before cesarean section delivery.

Iodine-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Myocardial Imaging in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Morimitsu ◽  
Y Miyahara ◽  
K Sonoda ◽  
S Kohno
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Myocardial Imaging ◽  
Washout Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Wall ◽  
Uptake Ratio ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Iodine 123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine ◽  
Iodine 123

Iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) has been used to evaluate the cardiac sympathetic nervous system. We evaluated the effect of pulmonary hypertension on the sympathetic neuronal function of the left ventricle in patients with pulmonary hypertension. We studied 20 patients with either chronic lung disease or pulmonary vascular disease. The patients were divided into a pulmonary hypertensive group and a control group. Single photon emission tomography was performed in the resting state 15 min and 4 h after administration of 123I-MIBG. Regions of interest (ROI) were set in the left ventricular (LV) free wall, the interventricular septum (IVS) and outside the LV free wall on short-axis images. The washout rate and the ROI/LV uptake ratio were calculated in each ROI. The IVS: LV uptake ratio was significantly lower in the pulmonary hypertensive group than in the control group. Our results suggest that left heart sympathetic neuronal dysfunction initially occurs in the IVS before it involves the LV free wall subsequently.

scholarly journals The Effect of Taxifolin on Cisplatin-Induced Pulmonary Damage in Rats: A Biochemical and Histopathological Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edhem Unver ◽  
Mustafa Tosun ◽  
Hasan Olmez ◽  
Mehmet Kuzucu ◽  
Ferda Keskin Cimen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Pulmonary Damage ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Histopathological Results

The effect of taxifolin on cisplatin-induced oxidative pulmonary damage was investigated biochemically and histopathologically in male albino Wistar rats. There were four groups, with six animals in each group: 50 mg/kg of taxifolin plus 2.5 mg/kg of cisplatin (TC) group, 2.5 mg/kg of cisplatin only (CIS) group, 50 mg/kg of taxifolin only (TG) group, and a healthy control group (HG). In terms of the experimental procedure, the animals in the TC and TG groups were first treated via oral gavage. The CIS and HG groups received distilled water as solvent, respectively. One hour later, the TC and CIS groups received cisplatin at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (injected intraperitoneally). Taxifolin, cisplatin, and the distilled water were administered at the indicated dose and volume, using the same method daily for 14 d. At the end of this period, the animals were killed with a high dosage of thiopental anaesthesia (50 mg/kg). Blood and lung tissue samples were taken for biochemical (malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total glutathione (tGSH), and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) analyses and histopathological examinations. The biochemical and histopathological results in the TC and HG groups were then compared with those in the CIS group. Cisplatin increased the levels of MDA, myeloperoxidase, and 8-OHdG, a marker of oxidative DNA damage, and reduced the amount of tGSH in the lung tissue. Moreover, severe alveolar damage, including oedema and extensive alveolar septal fibrosis, in addition to infiltration of polymorphic nuclear leucocytes and haemorrhagic foci, was observed in the CIS group. These histopathological findings demonstrate that taxifolin provides protection against pulmonary oxidative stress by preventing increases in oxidant parameters and decreases in antioxidants.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Telavancin in Comparison to Linezolid in a Porcine Model of Severe Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. e01009-20
Author(s):  
D. Battaglini ◽  
A. Motos ◽  
G. Li Bassi ◽  
H. Yang ◽  
F. Pagliara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTCurrent guidelines recommend vancomycin and linezolid as first-line agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nosocomial pneumonia. Telavancin is a potential new therapeutic alternative, specifically in monomicrobial MRSA pneumonia. This study compared the efficacies of telavancin versus linezolid in a porcine model of severe MRSA pneumonia. In 18 mechanically ventilated pigs (32.11 ± 1.18 kg), 75 ml of 106 CFU/ml of MRSA was administered into each pulmonary lobe. After the onset of pneumonia, pigs were randomized into three groups: a control group, a group receiving 22.5 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h (q24h) of telavancin, and a group receiving 10 mg/kg q12h of linezolid intravenously. Tracheal aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were cultured every 24 h. After 48 h of treatment, tissue samples were collected from the ventral and dorsal sections of each lobe. Microbiological and histopathological analyses were performed. Lung tissue concentrations differed among the groups (P = 0.019), with the lowest MRSA lung burden in the telavancin group (P < 0.05 versus the control). MRSA was detected in 46.7%, 40.0%, and 21.7% of the lung tissue samples from the control, linezolid, and telavancin groups, respectively (P < 0.001). MRSA concentrations differed among the groups in tracheal aspirate fluid (P = 0.011) but not in BAL fluid. Furthermore, there was no increased risk of kidney injury during telavancin use. Thus, telavancin has higher bactericidal efficacy than linezolid during the first 48 h of treatment in a porcine model of severe MRSA pneumonia. However, studies are needed to confirm the benefits of telavancin in treating MRSA nosocomial pneumonia.

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