Autologous fat transplants influence compensatory white adipose tissue mass increases after lipectomy

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. R61-R70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva L. Lacy ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rats And Mice

Direct tests of the hypothesized total body fat regulatory system have been accomplished by partial surgical lipectomy. This usually results in the restoration of the lipid deficit through compensatory increases in nonexcised white adipose tissue (WAT) masses of ground squirrels, laboratory rats, and mice, as well as Siberian and Syrian hamsters. We challenged this hypothesized total body fat regulatory system by testing the response of Siberian hamsters to 1) lipid deficits [lipectomy; primarily bilateral epididymal WAT (EWAT) removal], 2) lipid surfeits (addition of donor EWAT with no lipectomy), 3) no net change in lipid [EWAT or inguinal WAT (IWAT) lipectomy with the excised fat replaced to a new location (autologous)], 4) lipectomy with the same pad (EWAT lipectomy only) added from a sibling (nonautologous), and 5) sham surgeries for each treatment. Food intake generally was not affected. Body mass was not affected across all treatments. Grafts ∼3 mo later had normal appearance both macro- and microscopically and were revascularized. The normal lipectomy-induced compensatory increases in nonexcised WAT masses surprisingly were exaggerated with autologous EWAT transplants, but not for autologous IWAT or nonautologous EWAT transplants. There was no compensatory decrease in native WAT masses with nonautologous EWAT additions. Collectively, only lipectomy triggered reparation of the lipid deficit, but the other manipulations did not, suggesting a system biased toward rectifying decreases in lipid or an inability of the hypothesized total body fat regulatory system to recognize WAT transplants.

White adipose tissue sensory nerve denervation mimics lipectomy-induced compensatory increases in adiposity

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. R514-R520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifei Shi ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
The Brain

The sensory innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is indicated by the labeling of sensory bipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglion after retrograde dye placement into WAT. In addition, immunoreactivity (ir) for sensory-associated neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P in WAT pads also supports the notion of WAT sensory innervation. The function of this sensory innervation is unknown but could involve conveying the degree of adiposity to the brain. In tests of total body fat regulation, partial surgical lipectomy triggers compensatory increases in the mass of nonexcised WAT, ultimately resulting in restoration of total body fat levels in Siberian hamsters and other animals. The signal that triggers this compensation is unknown but could involve disruption of WAT sensory innervation that accompanies lipectomy. Therefore, a local and selective sensory denervation was accomplished by microinjecting the sensory nerve neurotoxin capsaicin bilaterally into epididymal WAT (EWAT) of Siberian hamsters, whereas controls received vehicle injections. Additional hamsters had bilateral EWAT lipectomy (EWATx) or sham lipectomy. As seen previously, EWATx resulted in significantly increased retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT) and inguinal WAT (IWAT) masses. Capsaicin treatment significantly decreased CGRP- but not tyrosine hydroxylase-ir, attesting to the diminished and selective sensory innervation. Capsaicin-treated hamsters also had increased RWAT and, to a lesser degree, IWAT mass largely mimicking the WAT mass increases seen after lipectomy. Collectively, these data suggest the possibility that information related to peripheral lipid stores may be conveyed to the brain via the sensory innervation of WAT.

Innervation of mammalian white adipose tissue: implications for the regulation of total body fat

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1399-R1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Bartness ◽  
Maryam Bamshad
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Total Body

We review the extensive physiological and neuroanatomical evidence for the innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) as well as what is known about the sensory innervation of this tissue. The SNS innervation of WAT appears to be a part of the general SNS outflow from the central nervous system, consisting of structures and connections throughout the neural axis. The innervation of WAT by the SNS could play a role in the regulation of total body fat in general, most likely plays an important role in regional differences in lipid mobilization specifically, and may have a trophic affect on WAT. The exact nature of the SNS innervation of WAT is not known but it may involve contact with adipocytes and/or their associated vasculature. We hypothesize that the SNS innervation of WAT is an important contributor to the apparent “regulation” of total body fat.

Effects of white adipose tissue grafts on total body fat and cellularity are dependent on graft type and location

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. R380-R388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva L. Lacy ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Donor Graft ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Tissue Grafts ◽  
Autologous Grafts

Surgical removal of body fat (lipectomy) triggers compensatory increases in nonexcised white adipose tissue (WAT), thus restoring adiposity levels in many species, including Siberian hamsters. In Siberian hamsters, when their lipectomized WAT is transplanted to another site (autologous grafts, no net change in body fat), healthy grafts result, but the lipectomy-induced compensatory increases in nonexcised WAT masses are exaggerated, an effect that apparently occurs only when the grafts contact intact WAT. When WAT is added to nonlipectomized hamsters to increase body fat, native WAT pads do not decrease. Thus WAT addition or removal-replacement does not induce compensatory WAT responses consistent with total body fat regulation as does WAT subtraction. Therefore, we tested whether the exaggerated response to lipectomy occurring with autologous WAT transplantation is dependent on graft site placement and whether the donor graft source [inguinal or epididymal WAT (IWAT, EWAT), sibling vs. nonsibling] affected body fat responses to WAT additions in nonlipectomized hamsters. Lipectomized hamsters received subcutaneous autologous EWAT grafts placed remotely from other WAT (ventrum) or in contact with intact WAT (dorsum), whereas intact hamsters received EWAT or IWAT grafts from sibling or nonsibling donors. The exaggerated response to lipectomy only occurred when grafts were in contact with intact WAT. EWAT, but not IWAT, additions to nonlipectomized siblings or nonsiblings increased native IWAT and retroperitoneal WAT mass but not EWAT mass compared with controls. Collectively, WAT transplantation to either lipectomized or nonlipectomized hamsters increased body fat contingent on graft contact with intact or native WAT.

scholarly journals Derivation and validation of simple anthropometric equations to predict adipose tissue mass and total fat mass with MRI as the reference method

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1852-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Y. Al-Gindan ◽  
Catherine R. Hankey ◽  
Lindsay Govan ◽  
Dympna Gallagher ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Adipose Tissue ◽  
Total Body

AbstractThe reference organ-level body composition measurement method is MRI. Practical estimations of total adipose tissue mass (TATM), total adipose tissue fat mass (TATFM) and total body fat are valuable for epidemiology, but validated prediction equations based on MRI are not currently available. We aimed to derive and validate new anthropometric equations to estimate MRI-measured TATM/TATFM/total body fat and compare them with existing prediction equations using older methods. The derivation sample included 416 participants (222 women), aged between 18 and 88 years with BMI between 15·9 and 40·8 (kg/m2). The validation sample included 204 participants (110 women), aged between 18 and 86 years with BMI between 15·7 and 36·4 (kg/m2). Both samples included mixed ethnic/racial groups. All the participants underwent whole-body MRI to quantify TATM (dependent variable) and anthropometry (independent variables). Prediction equations developed using stepwise multiple regression were further investigated for agreement and bias before validation in separate data sets. Simplest equations with optimalR2and Bland–Altman plots demonstrated good agreement without bias in the validation analyses: men: TATM (kg)=0·198 weight (kg)+0·478 waist (cm)−0·147 height (cm)−12·8 (validation:R20·79, CV=20 %, standard error of the estimate (SEE)=3·8 kg) and women: TATM (kg)=0·789 weight (kg)+0·0786 age (years)−0·342 height (cm)+24·5 (validation:R20·84, CV=13 %, SEE=3·0 kg). Published anthropometric prediction equations, based on MRI and computed tomographic scans, correlated strongly with MRI-measured TATM: (R20·70−0·82). Estimated TATFM correlated well with published prediction equations for total body fat based on underwater weighing (R20·70–0·80), with mean bias of 2·5–4·9 kg, correctable with log-transformation in most equations. In conclusion, new equations, using simple anthropometric measurements, estimated MRI-measured TATM with correlations and agreements suitable for use in groups and populations across a wide range of fatness.

P2680Changes in body fat distribution after intensive dietary intervention in patients with stable coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Henzel ◽  
M Makarewicz-Wujec ◽  
L Wardziak ◽  
P Trochimiuk ◽  
C Kepka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stable Cad ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Introduction Contradictory reports are available on the role of adipose tissue in the pathophysiology and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). It seems accepted that local fat distribution is more relevant than the general amount of body fat. As in the case of visceral fat, pericardial adipose tissue (PEAT) has been postulated an important mediator of metabolic risk, with a special role attributed to epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). Purpose To study the effect of intensive dietary and lifestyle modification on the distribution of body fat in patients diagnosed with stable CAD qualified to conservative treatment. Methods Total body fat mass (TBF), visceral fat area (VFA), PEAT volume, and EAT volume were measured in 67 participants (43% women) of the DISCO-CT trial (Dietary Intervention to Stop COronary Atherosclerosis in Computed Tomography, NCT02571803) who completed the study by the end of 2018. All patients, randomly assigned to either experimental or control arm in a 1:1 fashion, were regularly followed-up at our site, with those in the experimental arm being strictly supervised by a dietitian to stick to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and encouraged to lifestyle changes atop optimal medical therapy. Contrast-enhanced coronary computed tomography was performed at baseline and after the median time of 59 weeks (2x192-multislice scanner, temporal resolution 66 ms, Somatom Force, Siemens). PEAT and EAT volumes, expressed in mm3, were measured with a dedicated offline workstation (syngo.via Frontier, Siemens Healthcare) using a semiautomatic segmentation technique (window width range −195 to −45 Hounsfield units). TBF, expressed in kg, and VFA, expressed in cm2, were measured using the InBody S10 Body Water Analyser at baseline and completion of the study. 57% of subjects included into the analysis represented the experimental arm. Results There were no significant between-arm differences in baseline TBF, VFA, PEAT, and EAT volumes. A significant reduction by 3.7±5.0 kg in TBF (p<0.001; 95% CI 2.1, 5.3) and by 19.7±30.1 cm2 in VFA (p<0.001; 95% CI 9.8, 29.6) was observed in the experimental arm, while in the control group both TBF and VFA irrelevantly increased, by 0.6±4.7 kg (p=0.53; 95% CI −2.4, 1.3) and 2.2±27.0 cm2 (p=0.67; 95% CI −12.7, 8.2), respectively. A significant decrease in PEAT volume, by 19.9±43.0 mm3 (p=0.007; 95% CI 5.8, 34.1), was observed in the experimental group, compared to a non-significant PEAT volume reduction by 5.8±3.5.0 mm3 (p=0.38, 95% CI −7.5; 19.2) in the control group. Contrarily, no significant changes in EAT volumes were observed in either experimental (reduction by 3.8±15.2 mm3; p=0.13, 95% CI −1.2, 8.8) or control arm (reduction by 5.1±17.2 mm3; p=0.13, 95% CI −1.5, 11.6). Conclusion Intensive dietary intervention in patients with stable CAD can lead to a significant reduction in total body fat, visceral fat and pericardial fat, this effect, however, may not apply to epicardial fat. Acknowledgement/Funding This study was founded by a grant (2.15/III/15) from the Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw, Poland

Effects of altered adipose tissue morphology on plasma insulin levels in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (4) ◽  
pp. E358-E362 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Schneider ◽  
I. M. Faust ◽  
R. Hemmes ◽  
J. Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Tissue Morphology ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

The usual covariates of adiposity--adipocyte size, total body fat, and food intake--were experimentally dissociated using three new models of altered adipose tissue morphology in the rat. It was thereby possible to test the hypothesis that plasma immunoreactive insulin level (IRI) is a function of mean adipocyte size. In two of the models, experimental and control rats differ substantially in total body fat but show no difference in mean adipocyte size. In these models, no difference in plasma IRI was found between experimental and control animals. In a third model, experimental and control rats differ in mean adipocyte size but not in total body fat or daily food intake. In this model, plasma IRI was found to differ between experimental and control rats. These observations demonstrate a close link between adipocyte size and plasma IRI and suggest that the hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance of obesity are more likely due to adipocyte hypertrophy than to increases in total body fat or daily food intake.

Sensory innervation of white adipose tissue

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. R942-R944 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Fishman ◽  
J. Dark
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Fluorescent Cell ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

The presumption that sensory information does not arise from white adipose tissue was reevaluated using the neuroanatomical tracer, "true blue." Fluorescent cell bodies were observed in dorsal root ganglia of rats after tracer was implanted into inguinal or dorsal subcutaneous fat depots. Sensory information from adipose tissue may play an important role in the regulation of regional and total body fat mass.

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