Metabolic syndrome and endothelial fibrinolytic capacity in obese adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (1) ◽  
pp. R39-R44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Van Guilder ◽  
Greta L. Hoetzer ◽  
Jared J. Greiner ◽  
Brian L. Stauffer ◽  
Christopher A. DeSouza
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) often accompanies obesity and contributes to the increased risk of atherothrombotic events with increased body fatness. Indeed, the risks for coronary artery disease and acute vascular events are greater with obesity combined with MetS compared with obesity alone. Endothelial release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a key defense mechanism against thrombosis and has been shown to be impaired with obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the presence of MetS exacerbates endothelial fibrinolytic dysfunction in obese adults. Net endothelial release of t-PA was determined in vivo in response to intrabrachial infusions of bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside in 47 sedentary adults: 15 normal weight (age 57 ± 2 yr; body mass index 22.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2), 14 obese but otherwise healthy (55 ± 1 yr; 29.4 ± 0.3 kg/m2), and 18 obese with MetS (55 ± 2 yr; 32.3 ± 1 kg/m2). MetS was established according to National Cholesterol Education Program ATP III criteria. Net release of t-PA antigen to bradykinin was ∼50% lower ( P < 0.01) in the obese (from 2.5 ± 1.9 to 37.1 ± 5.3 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1) and obese with MetS (from 0.4 ± 0.8 to 32.5 ± 3.8 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1) compared with normal-weight (from 0.9 ± 1.0 to 74.3 ± 8.1 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1) subjects. However, there were no significant differences in the capacity of the endothelium to release t-PA in the obese and obese with MetS adults. These results indicate that the presence of the MetS does not worsen the obesity-related endothelial fibrinolytic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Endothelial t-PA release is impaired in overweight and obese adults but can be improved with regular aerobic exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (5) ◽  
pp. E807-E813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary P. Van Guilder ◽  
Greta L. Hoetzer ◽  
Derek T. Smith ◽  
Heather M. Irmiger ◽  
Jared J. Greiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Type Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Increased Risk

Endothelial release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) regulates fibrinolysis and is considered to be a primary endogenous defense mechanism against thrombosis. Adiposity is associated with an increased risk of atherothrombotic events. We determined the influence of overweight and obesity on the capacity of the vascular endothelium to release t-PA and the effects of regular aerobic exercise on endothelial t-PA release in previously sedentary overweight and obese adults. First, we studied 66 sedentary adults: 28 normal-weight (BMI <25 kg/m2); 22 overweight (BMI ≥25 and <30 kg/m2); and 16 obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Net endothelial t-PA release was determined in vivo in response to intrabrachial infusions of bradykinin (BK) and sodium nitroprusside. Second, we studied 17 overweight and obese adults who completed a 3-mo aerobic exercise intervention. Net release of t-PA in response to BK was ∼45% lower ( P < 0.01) in overweight (from 0.1 ± 0.4 to 41.7 ± 4.9 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1) and obese (−0.1 ± 0.6 to 47.7 ± 5.2 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1) compared with normal-weight (0.1 ± 0.8 to 77.5 ± 6.7 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1) adults. There was no difference in t-PA release between the overweight and obese groups. Exercise training significantly increased t-PA release capacity in overweight and obese adults (from −0.3 ± 0.5 to 37.1 ± 4.9 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1before training vs. 1.0 ± 0.9 to 65.4 ± 6.3 ng·100 ml tissue−1·min−1after training) to levels comparable with those of their normal-weight peers. These results indicate that overweight and obesity are associated with profound endothelial fibrinolytic dysfunction. Importantly, however, regular aerobic exercise can increase the capacity of the endothelium to release t-PA in this at-risk population.

scholarly journals The influence of BMI on the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1292-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Ming Han ◽  
Ghada A. Soliman ◽  
Jane L. Meza ◽  
K. M. Monirul Islam ◽  
Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

AbstractOverweight and obese individuals have an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome because of subsequent chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, which the antioxidant nutrient lycopene can reduce. However, studies indicate that different BMI statuses can alter the positive effects of lycopene. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how BMI influences the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome. The tertile rank method was used to divide 13 196 participants, aged 20 years and older, into three groups according to serum concentrations of lycopene. The associations between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome were analysed separately for normal-weight, overweight and obese participants. Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly higher in the first tertile group (OR 38·6 %; 95 % CI 36·9, 40·3) compared with the second tertile group (OR 29·3 %; 95 % CI 27·5, 31·1) and the third tertile group (OR 26·6 %; 95 % CI 24·9, 28·3). However, the associations between lycopene and the metabolic syndrome were only significant for normal-weight and overweight participants (P<0·05), but not for obese participants (P>0·05), even after adjusting for possible confounding variables. In conclusion, BMI appears to strongly influence the association between serum lycopene and the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals AB0871 OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OBESE PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1741.1-1742
Author(s):  
S. Lapshina ◽  
L. Feiskhanova ◽  
A. Nurmieva ◽  
K. Sadriev
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese People ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Obesity is a recognized risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joints, which is associated with increased biomechanical stress. However, the association of OA with metabolic syndrome is more multifaceted, since overweight and obese people have a similar increased risk of OA of the hand joints that do not carry weight, due to systemic factors.Objectives:To identify the features of the course of OA in overweight patients.Methods:52 patients with an established diagnosis of osteoarthritis were examined: women - 84.6%, men - 15.4%, average age - 60.9 ± 8.9 years (32 to 78 years). Clinical examination, calculation of body mass index (BMI), determination of the X-ray stage of OA according to the Kellgren and Lawrence system; ultrasound examination of the knee joints; assessment of the severity of pain according to visual analog scale (VAS); the index WOMAC was used to evaluate pain, stiffness and physical function. We evaluated the quality of life by EQ-5D.Results:The duration of OA was 8.75 [2.58; 26] years. The distribution of patients according to the X-ray stage of OA: I - 9.6%, II - 57.6%, III - 26.9%, IV - 5.9% of patients. The BMI range was from 21 to 43 kg/. A BMI up to 30 kg/ was found in 22 patients: 17.3% - normal weight, 25% - excess body weight. Thirty patients has BMI more than 30 kg/: I degree - 38.4%, II degree - 15.3%, III degree - 4%. Obese patients rated pain according to the VAS scale of 1.3 the score is more intensively than patients with a BMI <30 kg/m2(p <0.001). A detailed examination of each subsequent degree of obesity revealed a tendency to reduce the pain syndrome from 7.52 points at 1 degree of obesity to 5 points at 3 degrees of obesity (p <0.001). With increasing body weight, there was an increase in difficulties in daily activities according to the WOMAC (p <0.05). Reactive knee synovitis was detected in 25 (48%) patients. The incidence of synovitis in patients with a BMI <30 kg / m2is 27%, with a BMI> 30 kg / m2is 68%. Patients with obesity of 1stdegree had synovitis in 65%, 2nddegree - 75%, 3rddegree - 84% of cases (p <0.05). A high correlation between the x-ray stage of OA and BMI (r = 0.74; p <0.001) was revealed. According to the EQ-5D questionnaire, patients with the 1stdegree of obesity (2.31 ± 1.3) were very anxious, but the level of anxiety decreases in patients with 3rddegree of obesity (1.44 ± 0.9) and it’s equal to that in individuals with normal body weight (1.33 ± 0.8).Conclusion:The existence of obesity in patients with OA is associated with an increase in pain, a significant decrease in functional ability, a presence of reactive synovitis of the knee joints, aggravation of the X-ray stage of OA, and the appearance of anxiety and depression. However, with the further progression of obesity, the levels of anxiety for one’s condition decrease.References:[1]Felson DT, Zhang Y, Hannan MT et al. Risk factors for incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the elderly: the Framingham study. Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40: 728–733.[2]Huffman KM. Osteoarthritis and the metabolic syndrome: more evidence that the etiology of OA is different in men and women. 2012; 20 (7): 603–604.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in never treated mood disordered patientss

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Valerie Taylor ◽  
Glenda M. MacQueen
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Bipolar disorder and major depression are life-shortening illnesses. Unnatural causes such as suicide and accidents account for only a portion of this premature mortality1 Research is beginning to identify that mood disordered patients have a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome, an illness characterized by dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension and obesity.2 Metabolic syndrome is associated with an increased risk for a variety of physical illnesses. Hypothesis: Never treated patients with mood disorders have preexisting elevations in the prevalence of the component variables of metabolic syndrome. Central obesity will be especially elevated, predicting increased premature mortality. Methods: We assessed never treated patients with mood disorders for metabolic syndrome and its component variables. Patients were assessed at baseline and followed up at 6-month intervals. All psychiatric pharmacotherapy was documented. Body mass index (BMI) was also obtained and the percentage of deaths attributable to overweight and obesity was calculated using the population attributable risk (PAR). [PAR= ∑[P (RR-1)/RR] Results: Prior to the initiation of treatment, patients did not differ from population norms with respect to metabolic syndrome or BMI. At 2-year follow-up, BMI had increased for unipolar patients 2.02 points and 1.92 points for bipolar patients. (p < .001) This increase in BMI predicted an increase in mortality of 19.4%. Conclusion: An increase in visceral obesity is often the first component of metabolic syndrome to appear and may indicate the initiation of this disease process prematurely in this group. The increase in BMI places patients with mood disorders at risk for premature mortality and indicates a need for early intervention. References 1.Osby U, Brandt L, Correia N, Ekbom A & Sparen P. Excess mortability in bipolar and Unipolar disorder rin Sweden. Archives of General Psychiatry, 2001;58: 844-850 2.Toalson P, Saeeduddin A, Hardy T & Kabinoff G. The metabolic syndrome in patients with severe mental illness. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 2004; 6(4): 152-158

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

Complement Components, C3 and C4, and the Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Copenhaver ◽  
Chack-Yung Yu ◽  
Robert P. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Complement System

Introduction: Increased systemic inflammation plays a significant role in the development of adult cardiometabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. The complement system is a part of the innate immune system and plays a key role in the regulation of inflammation. Of particular importance is the activation of complement components C3 and C4. C3 is produced primarily by the liver but is also produced in adipocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells, all of which are present in adipose tissues. Dietary fat and chylomicrons stimulate C3 production. Adipocytes in addition to producing C3 also have receptors for activated C3 and other complement components and thus also respond to as well as produce a target for complement. C3adesArg, also known as acylation stimulation factor, increases adipocyte triglyceride synthesis and release. These physiological effects play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome. Epidemiologically, obese adults and non-obese adults with cardiometabolic disease who are not obese have been shown to have increased complement levels. C4 levels also correlate with body mass index. Genetically, specific C3 polymorphisms have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events and. D decreased C4 long gene copy number is associated with increased longevity. Conclusion: Future research is clearly needed to clarify the role of complement in the development of cardiovascular disease and mechanisms for its action. The complement system may provide a new area for intervention in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Is depression a cause of metabolic abnormality? A European Small State experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cuschieri
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Small State ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Cholesterol Level ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background A relationship between depression and metabolic syndrome has been reported. Considering the diabesity rates effecting the small state of Malta it was considered appropriate to explore for links between these diseases, their metabolic determinants with depression. Methods A national health examination survey was conducted. A validated questionnaire note down (1) self-reported depression (2) anti-depressive medication (3) PHQ-9 depression symptoms score (&gt;5 positive for depression). Participants with the presence of one or more of these variables were labelled as having depression. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Blood testing for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile were performed. The biochemical (FBG, Lipid profiles) and anthropometric profiles (BMI, WC, BP) of the depression population were compared to those without this disease. Univariant and multivariant binary logistic regression models were performed. Results The depression population (17.2% of the total population) had significantly higher median LDL, triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels when compared to those without the disease (p = &lt;0.01). On univariant modelling each variable (LDL OR:1.15 p = 0.01; TG OR:1.16 p = 0.01; TC OR:1.64 p = &lt;0.01) showed a positive association with having depression even after adjusting for confounding factors (sex, age, education, smoking, alcohol habits). On multivariant modelling only an increase in TC was associated with increased risk of having depression (OR: 1.36 CI95%: 1.05-1.76 p = 0.02) after adjusting for confounders. Conclusions The various components of the metabolic syndrome appeared not to be associated with a diagnosis of depression. Only high cholesterol level exhibited a metabolic link with depression. Although further research is merited, it is suggested that physicians incorporate a depression screening tool as part of their consultation when examining high-risk patients. Key messages A metabolic syndrome profile is not linked with depression. A high cholesterol level is linked with depression, making these individuals susceptible to potential cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and metabolic syndrome at baseline of a multicentric Brazilian cohort: ELSA-Brasil study

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Haueisen Sander Diniz ◽  
Alline Maria Rezende Beleigoli ◽  
Maria Inês Schmidt ◽  
Bruce B. Duncan ◽  
Antônio Luiz P. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Brazilian Cohort ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a method to measure insulin resistance. HOMA-IR cut-offs for identifying metabolic syndrome might vary across populations and body mass index (BMI) levels. We aimed to investigate HOMA-insulin resistance cut-offs that best discriminate individuals with insulin resistance and with metabolic syndrome for each BMI category in a large sample of adults without diabetes in the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Among the 12,313 participants with mean age of 51.2 (SD 8.9) years, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 34.6%, and 60.1% had overweight or obesity. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among normal weight, overweight and obesity categories were, respectively, 13%, 43.2% and 60.7%. The point of maximum combined sensitivity and specificity of HOMA-IR to discriminate the metabolic syndrome was 2.35 in the whole sample, with increasing values at higher BMI categories. This investigation contributes to better understanding HOMA-IR values associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in a large Brazilian adult sample, and that use of cut-off points according to ROC curve may be the better strategy. It also suggests that different values might be appropriate across BMI categories.

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