Neural influences on trophic changes in brown adipose tissue during cold acclimation

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. R874-R881 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Park ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Intact Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Neural Influences

We studied the role of the sympathetic innervation in development and maintenance of increased levels of uncoupling protein (UCP) and of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (TD) during cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Interscapular BAT was unilaterally (and in some experiments, bilaterally) denervated either before acclimation to cold (4 degrees C) for 12 days or after 14 days of a total 28-day period of acclimation to cold. BAT norepinephrine was reduced to 3-7% of the normal level in denervated BAT for up to 26 days. Denervation slowed, but did not prevent, cold-induced increases in total protein, in mitochondrial GDP binding, and in mitochondrial UCP concentration, which all reached 50% or more of the elevated level in intact tissue. In contrast, TD activity did not exceed 10% of the elevated level in intact tissue at any time. Denervation after cold acclimation resulted in a very rapid loss of TD activity, a slower and selective loss (after a lag of 1 day) of UCP, and a much slower loss of tissue protein. We conclude that the sympathetic innervation is required for an optimal trophic response of BAT to cold acclimation and for maintenance in the hypertrophied state but that other factors are also involved. Induction and maintenance of TD in BAT does need the sympathetic innervation.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs of Brown to White Adipose Tissue Transformation in Goats

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yuehua Zhu ◽  
Siyuan Zhan ◽  
Zhe Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the thermogenesis and energy storage of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, knowledge of the cellular transition from BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT) and the potential role of lncRNAs in goat adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transformation from BAT to WAT using histological and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene analyses. Brown adipose tissue mainly existed within the goat perirenal fat at 1 day and there was obviously a transition from BAT to WAT from 1 day to 1 year. The RNA libraries constructed from the perirenal adipose tissues of 1 day, 30 days, and 1 year goats were sequenced. A total number of 21,232 lncRNAs from perirenal fat were identified, including 5393 intronic-lncRNAs and 3546 antisense-lncRNAs. Furthermore, a total of 548 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected across three stages (fold change ≥ 2.0, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), and six lncRNAs were validated by qPCR. Furthermore, trans analysis found lncRNAs that were transcribed close to 890 protein-coding genes. Additionally, a coexpression network suggested that 4519 lncRNAs and 5212 mRNAs were potentially in trans-regulatory relationships (r > 0.95 or r < −0.95). In addition, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the targeted genes were involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid elongation and metabolism, the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The present study provides a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs involved in the transformation from BAT to WAT and provides insight into understanding the role of lncRNAs in goat brown adipogenesis.

Role of T3 in thermogenic and trophic responses of brown adipose tissue to cold

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. E81-E87 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Park ◽  
D. B. Mount ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Trophic Responses ◽  
Optimal Growth Rate

Cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was studied in thyroidectomized rats that received low doses of either thyroxine (T4) or 3,5,3'-triidothyronine (T3). The objective was to find out whether the cold-induced increase in activity of T4 5'-deiodinase, and thus increased endogenous T3 generation in BAT itself, was necessary for growth of BAT or whether T3 from the blood could serve as effectively as T3 produced endogenously. The acute thermogenic response of BAT to cold (15 h at 4 degrees C), as measured by the increase in mitochondrial GDP binding, was abolished by thyroidectomy, as seen previously, and restored by T3 as well as by T4 treatment. The long-term trophic response to cold (20–25 days at 4 degrees C), as indicated by increases in protein and DNA and in mitochondrial concentrations of GDP-binding sites and uncoupling protein, occurred whether T3 or T4 was administered to these thyroidectomized rats. We conclude that endogenous T3 production in BAT does not direct and is not essential for the long-term trophic response of this tissue to cold. We are not able to exclude, on the basis of the present results, that an optimal growth rate during the initial phase of the trophic response may require enhanced endogenous production of T3 in BAT. The cold-induced increase in T4 5'-deiodinase activity, presumably mediated by an action of norepinephrine, does not require the presence of either T3 or T4, as seen previously by others.

scholarly journals Inducible brown adipocytes in subcutaneous inguinal white fat: the role of continuous sympathetic stimulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (9) ◽  
pp. E793-E799 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Andres Contreras ◽  
Yun-Hee Lee ◽  
Emilio P. Mottillo ◽  
James G. Granneman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
White Fat

Brown adipocytes (BA) generate heat in response to sympathetic activation and are the main site of nonshivering thermogenesis in mammals. Although most BA are located in classic brown adipose tissue depots, BA are also abundant in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) before weaning. The number of BA is correlated with the density of sympathetic innervation in iWAT; however, the role of continuous sympathetic tone in the establishment and maintenance of BA in WAT has not been investigated. BA marker expression in iWAT was abundant in weaning mice but was greatly reduced by 8 wk of age. Nonetheless, BA phenotype could be rapidly reinstated by acute β3-adrenergic stimulation with CL-316,243 (CL). Genetic tagging of adipocytes with adiponectin-CreERT2 demonstrated that CL reinstates uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in adipocytes that were present before weaning. Chronic surgical denervation dramatically reduced the ability of CL to induce the expression of UCP1 and other BA markers in the tissue as a whole, and this loss of responsiveness was prevented by concurrent treatment with CL. These results indicate that ongoing sympathetic activity is critical to preserve the ability of iWAT fat cells to express a BA phenotype upon adrenergic stimulation.

Role of the sympathetic innervation in the cold-induced activation of 5′-deiodinase in brown adipose tissue of the Djungarian hamster

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1896-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anette Meywirth ◽  
Uwe Redlin ◽  
Stephan Steinlechner ◽  
Gerhard Heldmaier ◽  
Russel J. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Djungarian Hamster ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Deiodinase Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Norepinephrine Content

The importance of the sympathetic innervation in the regulation of 5′-deiodinase activity in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the Djungarian hamster was studied. Interscapular BAT of Djungarian hamsters was either unilaterally or bilaterally denervated, and thereafter the animals were maintained at thermoneutral temperature or exposed to 0 °C for 24 h. Denervation reduced the norepinephrine content to 2–10% of the level in the control groups. Unilateral denervation was as effective as bilateral denervation in depressing the norepinephrine content of the interscapular BAT. Cold exposure for 24 h resulted in a pronounced 5′-deiodinase activation. Denervation reduced, but did not completely prevent, the cold-induced increase in 5′-deiodinase activity. The basal level of 5′-deiodinase activity at thermoneutral temperature was not reduced by denervation. We conclude that cold-induced activation of BAT 5′-deiodinase primarily depends on the intact sympathetic innervation.Key words: nonshivering thermogenesis, brown fat, 5′-deiodinase, Phodopus sungorus.

On the potential role of globins in brown adipose tissue: a novel conceptual model and studies in myoglobin knockout mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Blackburn ◽  
Umesh D Wankhade ◽  
Kikumi D Ono-Moore ◽  
Sree V Chintapalli ◽  
Renee Fox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
No Signaling

Myoglobin (Mb) regulates O2 bioavailability in muscle and heart as partial pressure of O2 (pO2) drops with increased tissue workload. Globin proteins also modulate cellular NO pools, "scavenging" NO at higher pO2 and converting NO2- to NO as pO2 falls. Myoglobin binding of fatty acids may also signal a role in fat metabolism. Interestingly, Mb is expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT), but its function is unknown. Herein, we present a new conceptual model that proposes links between BAT thermogenic activation, concurrently reduced pO2, and NO pools regulated by deoxy/oxy-globin toggling and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). We describe the effect of Mb knockout (Mb-/-) on BAT phenotype (lipid droplets, mitochondrial markers uncoupling protein 1 [UCP1] and cytochrome C oxidase 4 [Cox4], transcriptomics) in male and female mice fed a high fat diet (HFD, 45% of energy, ~13 wk), and examine Mb expression during brown adipocyte differentiation. Interscapular BAT weights did not differ by genotype, but there was a higher prevalence of mid-large sized droplets in Mb-/-. COX4 protein expression was significantly reduced in Mb-/- BAT, and a suite of metabolic/NO/stress/hypoxia transcripts were lower. All of these Mb-/--associated differences were most apparent in females. The new conceptual model, and results derived from Mb-/- mice, suggest a role for Mb in BAT metabolic regulation, in part through sexually dimorphic systems and NO signaling. This possibility requires further validation in light of significant mouse-to-mouse variability of BAT Mb mRNA and protein abundances in wildtype mice and lower expression relative to muscle and heart.

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