scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs of Brown to White Adipose Tissue Transformation in Goats

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Yuehua Zhu ◽  
Siyuan Zhan ◽  
Zhe Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the thermogenesis and energy storage of brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, knowledge of the cellular transition from BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT) and the potential role of lncRNAs in goat adipose tissue remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transformation from BAT to WAT using histological and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene analyses. Brown adipose tissue mainly existed within the goat perirenal fat at 1 day and there was obviously a transition from BAT to WAT from 1 day to 1 year. The RNA libraries constructed from the perirenal adipose tissues of 1 day, 30 days, and 1 year goats were sequenced. A total number of 21,232 lncRNAs from perirenal fat were identified, including 5393 intronic-lncRNAs and 3546 antisense-lncRNAs. Furthermore, a total of 548 differentially expressed lncRNAs were detected across three stages (fold change ≥ 2.0, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05), and six lncRNAs were validated by qPCR. Furthermore, trans analysis found lncRNAs that were transcribed close to 890 protein-coding genes. Additionally, a coexpression network suggested that 4519 lncRNAs and 5212 mRNAs were potentially in trans-regulatory relationships (r > 0.95 or r < −0.95). In addition, Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses showed that the targeted genes were involved in the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid elongation and metabolism, the citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. The present study provides a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs involved in the transformation from BAT to WAT and provides insight into understanding the role of lncRNAs in goat brown adipogenesis.

Neural influences on trophic changes in brown adipose tissue during cold acclimation

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. R874-R881 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Park ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Intact Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Neural Influences

We studied the role of the sympathetic innervation in development and maintenance of increased levels of uncoupling protein (UCP) and of thyroxine 5'-deiodinase (TD) during cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Interscapular BAT was unilaterally (and in some experiments, bilaterally) denervated either before acclimation to cold (4 degrees C) for 12 days or after 14 days of a total 28-day period of acclimation to cold. BAT norepinephrine was reduced to 3-7% of the normal level in denervated BAT for up to 26 days. Denervation slowed, but did not prevent, cold-induced increases in total protein, in mitochondrial GDP binding, and in mitochondrial UCP concentration, which all reached 50% or more of the elevated level in intact tissue. In contrast, TD activity did not exceed 10% of the elevated level in intact tissue at any time. Denervation after cold acclimation resulted in a very rapid loss of TD activity, a slower and selective loss (after a lag of 1 day) of UCP, and a much slower loss of tissue protein. We conclude that the sympathetic innervation is required for an optimal trophic response of BAT to cold acclimation and for maintenance in the hypertrophied state but that other factors are also involved. Induction and maintenance of TD in BAT does need the sympathetic innervation.

Results of the study on principles of brown adipose tissue deposits and characteristics of its fatty acids in pasture sheep lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Ch Khorolmaa ◽  
Sh Demberel ◽  
B Battsetseg ◽  
G Gereltsetseg ◽  
S Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Total Body

Brown adipose tissue in newborn lambs accounts for 4.52% of total body weight, then during postpartum period it intensively decreases, reaching 1.5% after a week, and finally it is gradually adsorbed or replaced with white adipose tissue. Fatty acids composition of lamb brown adipose tissue includes 17 unsaturated fatty acids (53.23%) and 11 saturated ones (46.95%).Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 38-42

Leptin selectively reduces white adipose tissue in mice via a UCP1-dependent mechanism in brown adipose tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. E372-E377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott P. Commins ◽  
Patricia M. Watson ◽  
Isabell C. Frampton ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

We tested the hypothesis that leptin, in addition to reducing body fat by restraining food intake, reduces body fat through a peripheral mechanism requiring uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Leptin was administered to wild-type (WT) mice and mice with a targeted disruption of the UCP1 gene (UCP1 deficient), while vehicle-injected control animals of each genotype were pair-fed to each leptin-treated group. Leptin reduced the size of white adipose tissue (WAT) depots in WT mice but not in UCP1-deficient animals. This was accompanied by a threefold increase in the amount of UCP1 protein and mRNA in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of WT mice. Leptin also increased UCP2 mRNA in WAT of both WT and UCP1-deficient mice but increased UCP2 and UCP3 mRNA only in BAT from UCP1-deficient mice. These results indicate that leptin reduces WAT through a peripheral mechanism requiring the presence of UCP1, with little or no involvement of UCP2 or UCP3.

scholarly journals A soyabean diet does not modify the activity of brown adipose tissue but alters the rate of lipolysis in the retroperitoneal white adipose tissue of male rats recovering from early-life malnutrition

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriene Alexandra Paiva ◽  
Jaline Zandonato Faiad ◽  
Marina Satie Taki ◽  
Silvia Regina de Lima Reis ◽  
Letícia Martins Ignácio de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Retroperitoneal White Adipose Tissue

Nutritional recovery with a soyabean diet decreases body and fat weights when compared with a casein diet. We investigated whether the reduced adiposity observed in rats recovering from early-life malnutrition with a soyabean diet results from alterations in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT). Male rats from mothers fed either 17 or 6 % protein during pregnancy and lactation were maintained on 17 % casein (CC and LC groups), 17 % soyabean (CS and LS groups) or 6 % casein (LL group) diets over 60 d. The rats maintained on a soyabean diet had similar relative food intakes, but lower body and retroperitoneal WAT weights and a reduced lipid content in the retroperitoneal WAT. The insulin levels were lower in the recovered rats and were elevated in those fed a soyabean diet. Serum T3 concentration and uncoupling protein 1 content in the BAT were decreased in the recovered rats. The thermogenic capacity of the BAT was not affected by the soyabean diet. The lipogenesis rate in the retroperitoneal WAT was similar in all of the groups except for the LL group, which had exacerbated lipogenesis. The enhancement of the lipolysis rate by isoproterenol was decreased in white adipocytes from the soyabean-recovered rats and was elevated in adipocytes from the soyabean-control rats. Thus, in animals maintained on a soyabean diet, the proportions of fat deposits are determined by the lipolysis rate, which differs depending on the previous nutritional status.

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue is the key depot for glucose clearance in microbiota depleted mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Baoguo Li ◽  
Catherine Hambly ◽  
Guanlin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Deficient Mice

AbstractGut microbiota deficient mice demonstrate accelerated glucose clearance. However, which tissues are responsible for the upregulated glucose uptake remains unresolved, with different studies suggesting that browning of white adipose tissue, or modulated hepatic gluconeogenesis, may be related to enhanced glucose clearance when the gut microbiota is absent. Here, we investigate glucose uptake in 22 different tissues in 3 different mouse models. We find that gut microbiota depletion via treatment with antibiotic cocktails (ABX) promotes glucose uptake in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and cecum. Nevertheless, the adaptive thermogenesis and the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) are dispensable for the increased glucose uptake and clearance. Deletion of Ucp1 expressing cells blunts the improvement of glucose clearance in ABX-treated mice. Our results indicate that BAT and cecum, but not white adipose tissue (WAT) or liver, contribute to the glucose uptake in the gut microbiota depleted mouse model and this response is dissociated from adaptive thermogenesis.

Role of T3 in thermogenic and trophic responses of brown adipose tissue to cold

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. E81-E87 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Park ◽  
D. B. Mount ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Trophic Responses ◽  
Optimal Growth Rate

Cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was studied in thyroidectomized rats that received low doses of either thyroxine (T4) or 3,5,3'-triidothyronine (T3). The objective was to find out whether the cold-induced increase in activity of T4 5'-deiodinase, and thus increased endogenous T3 generation in BAT itself, was necessary for growth of BAT or whether T3 from the blood could serve as effectively as T3 produced endogenously. The acute thermogenic response of BAT to cold (15 h at 4 degrees C), as measured by the increase in mitochondrial GDP binding, was abolished by thyroidectomy, as seen previously, and restored by T3 as well as by T4 treatment. The long-term trophic response to cold (20–25 days at 4 degrees C), as indicated by increases in protein and DNA and in mitochondrial concentrations of GDP-binding sites and uncoupling protein, occurred whether T3 or T4 was administered to these thyroidectomized rats. We conclude that endogenous T3 production in BAT does not direct and is not essential for the long-term trophic response of this tissue to cold. We are not able to exclude, on the basis of the present results, that an optimal growth rate during the initial phase of the trophic response may require enhanced endogenous production of T3 in BAT. The cold-induced increase in T4 5'-deiodinase activity, presumably mediated by an action of norepinephrine, does not require the presence of either T3 or T4, as seen previously by others.

scholarly journals ACE2 exerts anti-obesity effect via stimulating brown adipose tissue and induction of browning in white adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. E1140-E1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Kawabe ◽  
Jun Mori ◽  
Hidechika Morimoto ◽  
Mihoko Yamaguchi ◽  
Satoshi Miyagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 3 ◽  
Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose

The angiotensin II (ANG II)-ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) axis is a key player in the pathophysiology of obesity. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) counteracts the ANG II/AT1R axis via converting ANG II to angiotensin 1–7 (Ang 1–7), which is known to have an anti-obesity effect. In this study, we hypothesized that ACE2 exerts a strong anti-obesity effect by increasing Ang 1–7 levels. We injected intraperitoneally recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2, 2.0 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 28 days to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mice. rhACE2 treatment decreased body weight and improved glucose metabolism. Furthermore, rhACE2 increased oxygen consumption and upregulated thermogenesis in HFD-fed mice. In the rhACE2 treatment group, brown adipose tissue (BAT) mass increased, accompanied with ameliorated insulin signaling and increased protein levels of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16. Importantly, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) mass decreased, concomitant with browning, which was established by the increase of UCP-1 expression. The browning is the result of increased H3K27 acetylation via the downregulation of histone deacetylase 3 and increased H3K9 acetylation via upregulation of GCN5 and P300/CBP-associated factor. These results suggest that rhACE2 exerts anti-obesity effects by stimulating BAT and inducing browning in sWAT. ACE2 and the Ang 1–7 axis represent a potential therapeutic approach to prevent the development of obesity.

Regulation of the level of uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue by insulin

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. R418-R424 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Geloen ◽  
P. Trayhurn
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Epididymal White Adipose Tissue

The role of insulin in the regulation of the thermogenic activity and capacity (uncoupling protein content) of brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been investigated using mice made diabetic with streptozotocin and then subsequently infused with different doses of insulin. After 12 days of diabetes, the animals received either 0, 8, 16, or 32 units of insulin.kg body wt-1.day-1 delivered by osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously for 12 days. After 12 days of diabetes, body weight, interscapular BAT, and epididymal white adipose tissue weights were each reduced. In BAT, significant decreases (P less than 0.05) in the mitochondrial protein content (63%), cytochrome oxidase activity (79%), mitochondrial GDP binding (51%), and the specific mitochondrial concentration and total tissue content of uncoupling protein (71 and 89%, respectively) were obtained, indicating that the thermogenic activity and capacity of the tissue were reduced in diabetes. The infusion of insulin at a dose of 8 units.kg-1.day-1 normalized mitochondrial GDP binding and doubled the concentration of uncoupling protein. Body weight, epididymal white adipose tissue weight, and the mitochondrial protein content of BAT were restored with 16 units of insulin.kg-1.day-1. Higher doses of insulin did not further increase the specific mitochondrial concentration of uncoupling protein, but the mitochondrial content (and thereby the total uncoupling protein content) of BAT was increased and blood glucose normalized. There was a significant correlation between the dose of insulin replacement and several of the parameters measured in BAT: mitochondrial protein content (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001), cytochrome oxidase activity (r = 0.54, P less than 0.001), and total uncoupling protein content (r = 0.68, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document