Cholecystokinin conditions flavor preferences in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. R179-R185 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Perez ◽  
A. Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Flavor Preference ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Conditioning Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
Preference Conditioning ◽  
Preference Tests ◽  
Reliable Preference

The present study investigated whether cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone that is a putative satiety agent, can condition flavor preference in rats. In experiment 1 food-deprived rats were trained to consume two different-flavored saccharin solutions in separate one-bottle tests. One flavor (the CS+) was paired with intraperitoneal injections of CCK octapeptide (0.125-4 micrograms/kg); the other flavor was paired with intraperitoneal injections of saline. Flavor preferences were then assessed in subsequent two-bottle choice tests. The 0.125 and 0.25 micrograms/kg doses failed to suppress CS+ intake or produce flavor preferences. CCK at 0.5 micrograms/kg did not reliably suppress CS+ intake in the one-bottle tests but produced a reliable preference for the CS+ in the two-bottle tests; percent CS+ intakes ranged from 50 to 62% in the four preference tests. At 1 microgram/kg, CCK suppressed CS+ intake and produced a marginal preference for the CS+. The 2 micrograms/kg dose suppressed CS+ intake but failed to condition a CS+ preference. The 4 micrograms/kg dose of CCK produced a potent suppression of CS+ intake and a strong aversion to that flavor. The preference conditioning effect of CCK at 0.5 microgram/kg was replicated in a second experiment using flavored Polycose solutions. The finding that low doses of CCK condition flavor preferences in rats is compatible with the hypothesis that endogenous CCK can mediate satiety and further suggests a role for CCK in learned food preferences. The aversion conditioned by the highest dose of CCK does not detract from this interpretation, since food, if consumed in excess, can also have aversive consequences.

ANTAGONISMUS VON TESTOSTERON UND 1,2α-METHYLEN-6-CHLOR-PREGNA-4,6-DIEN-17α-OL-3,20-DION (CYPROTERON) AN DEN DIE GONADOTROPHIN-SEKRETION REGULIERENDEN ZENTREN BEI MÄNNLICHEN RATTEN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Action ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT Following the administration of an androgen antagonist (1,2α-methylene6-chloro-pregna-4,6-diene-17α-ol-3,20-dione = cyproterone) to infantile rats, the inhibitory action of low doses of testosterone propionate, TP (0.003–0.03 mg) on the centers regulating the gonadotrophin secretion can be more or less prevented. The inhibitory action of 0.1 mg testosterone propionate cannot be influenced by 5 mg cyproterone. The direct stimulating action of high TP doses (0.3 mg and 1 mg) on the testes is inhibited by the androgen antagonist. These results are due to the difference in sensitivity to androgens of the centers regulating the gonadotrophin secretion on the one hand, and of the testes on the other.

scholarly journals TO NUTRITION OF GOLDEN BEER IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE LANDSCAPES OF THE ULYANOVSK REGION (MIDDLE VOLGA REGION)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Korolkov ◽  
◽  
Elena A. Artemieva ◽  
Lyubov V. Malovichko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Heavy Soil ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
The One

The conditions and characteristics of the nutrition of the golden bee-eater Meropsapiaster Linnaeus, 1758 (Coraciiformes, Meropidae) were studied in the conditions of forest-steppe landscapes of the Ulyanovsk region (Middle Volga region) during 2007–2019. The choice and preferences of the nest-suitable biotopes of the golden bee-eater are determined by the mechanical and geochemical composition of the soil - burrowing birds and sclerophiles, which include the golden-bee-eater, prefer dense and rather heavy soil for establishing nesting holes in the forest-steppe landscapes of the Ulyanovsk Region. Analysis of feed objects indicates, on the one hand, the low specificity of their choice, and on the other hand, the pronounced features of eating behavior and the choice of insect prey, which will ultimately determine the food preferences of birds.

scholarly journals Preference for inorganic sources of magnesium and phosphorus in sheep as a function of need

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pedernera ◽  
Alessandro Mereu ◽  
Juan J Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Magnesium Phosphate ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Preference Tests

Abstract We determined whether sheep discriminate among different mineral supplements containing P and Mg and if they modify their selection as a function of the basal diet received. Forty lambs were offered four-way choices among inorganic sources of P and Mg: magnesium oxide in its coarse 1) C-MgO and granular 2) MgO forms and magnesium phosphate: 3) Mag33 (33% Mg and 2.7% P), and 4) MGP (25% Mg and 15% P), and two-way choices between MGP and each of the other minerals, and between MgO and C-MgO (baseline). Subsequently, lambs were randomly assigned to four groups (10 lambs/group) and fed rations such that the levels of Mg and P were low (LMg_LP), adequate (NMg_NP), low in Mg and adequate in P (LMg_NP), or adequate in Mg and low in P (NMg_LP). After 29 d, choice tests (post-deficiency) were repeated. During baseline, lambs ate and preferred Mag33 > C-MgO = MGP > MgO (P < 0.05). This pattern remained during post-deficiency tests, but lambs in LMg_LP and LMg_NP increased their preference for MGP and C-MgO, respectively, whereas lambs in NMg_LP increased their preference for C-MgO and MGP relative to baseline (P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of P and Mg increased after preference tests, and preference for MgO and MGP in low-Mg groups increased as the serum concentration of Mg declined (P < 0.05). Thus, lambs discriminated among different minerals and some groups modified their preferences based on the basal diets received, which rectified mineral imbalances.

Lost in translation: Food, identity and otherness

Semiotica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (211) ◽  
pp. 81-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Stano
Keyword(s):  
Food Preferences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Food Identity ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Sociocultural Identity

AbstractFood preferences and taboos, by revealing our taste, express our identity. Moreover, in present-day globalized societies, the crossing and overlapping among different foodspheres incessantly relates identity to otherness. It becomes therefore essential to consider and investigate the links existing between the signs, texts, discourses, and practices concerning the food universe, on the one hand, and the processes of construction and expression of sociocultural identity – or, better, identities – on the other hand. This paper deals with a specific case study: sushi and its Western variations. Ranging from the material level to a semiotic description, we aim at analyzing the processes of “translation” to which sushi is subjected when it becomes “ethnic” or “fusion” food.

Note on Selection of Coordinate Systems for Geodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
S. Henriksen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The One ◽  
Static Systems ◽  
Selection Of

The first question to be answered, in seeking coordinate systems for geodynamics, is: what is geodynamics? The answer is, of course, that geodynamics is that part of geophysics which is concerned with movements of the Earth, as opposed to geostatics which is the physics of the stationary Earth. But as far as we know, there is no stationary Earth – epur sic monere. So geodynamics is actually coextensive with geophysics, and coordinate systems suitable for the one should be suitable for the other. At the present time, there are not many coordinate systems, if any, that can be identified with a static Earth. Certainly the only coordinate of aeronomic (atmospheric) interest is the height, and this is usually either as geodynamic height or as pressure. In oceanology, the most important coordinate is depth, and this, like heights in the atmosphere, is expressed as metric depth from mean sea level, as geodynamic depth, or as pressure. Only for the earth do we find “static” systems in use, ana even here there is real question as to whether the systems are dynamic or static. So it would seem that our answer to the question, of what kind, of coordinate systems are we seeking, must be that we are looking for the same systems as are used in geophysics, and these systems are dynamic in nature already – that is, their definition involvestime.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Radioimmunotherapy for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
R. G. Meyer ◽  
W. Herr ◽  
A. Helisch ◽  
P. Bartenstein ◽  
I. Buchmann
Keyword(s):  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Primary Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Acute Myeloid

SummaryThe prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has improved considerably by introduction of aggressive consolidation chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Nevertheless, only 20-30% of patients with AML achieve long-term diseasefree survival after SCT. The most common cause of treatment failure is relapse. Additionally, mortality rates are significantly increased by therapy-related causes such as toxicity of chemotherapy and complications of SCT. Including radioimmunotherapies in the treatment of AML and myelodyplastic syndrome (MDS) allows for the achievement of a pronounced antileukaemic effect for the reduction of relapse rates on the one hand. On the other hand, no increase of acute toxicity and later complications should be induced. These effects are important for the primary reduction of tumour cells as well as for the myeloablative conditioning before SCT.This paper provides a systematic and critical review of the currently used radionuclides and immunoconjugates for the treatment of AML and MDS and summarizes the literature on primary tumour cell reductive radioimmunotherapies on the one hand and conditioning radioimmunotherapies before SCT on the other hand.

Das Ende der Postdemokratie, den Pessimismus überwinden.

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (188) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
Daniel Mullis
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Windows Of Opportunity ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Political Struggles ◽  
The One

In recent years, political and social conditions have changed dramatically. Many analyses help to capture these dynamics. However, they produce political pessimism: on the one hand there is the image of regression and on the other, a direct link is made between socio-economic decline and the rise of the far-right. To counter these aspects, this article argues that current political events are to be understood less as ‘regression’ but rather as a moment of movement and the return of deep political struggles. Referring to Jacques Ranciere’s political thought, the current conditions can be captured as the ‘end of post-democracy’. This approach changes the perspective on current social dynamics in a productive way. It allows for an emphasis on movement and the recognition of the windows of opportunity for emancipatory struggles.

Tolerance is theoretical and practical principles

1996 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Babiy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nodal Points ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Political ideological pluralism, religious diversity are characteristic features of modern Ukrainian society. On the one hand, multiculturalism, socio-political, religious differentiation of the latter appear as important characteristics of its democracy, as a practical expression of freedom, on the other - as a factor that led to the deconsocialization of society, gave rise to "nodal points" of tension, confrontational processes, in particular, in political and religious spheres.

The Salvage of Ideas: Schumpeter and the Core Problems Still Confronting Economics

2003 ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
P. Wynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Core ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Two aspects of Schumpeter' legacy are analyzed in the article. On the one hand, he can be viewed as the custodian of the neoclassical harvest supplementing to its stock of inherited knowledge. On the other hand, the innovative character of his works is emphasized that allows to consider him a proponent of hetherodoxy. It is stressed that Schumpeter's revolutionary challenge can lead to radical changes in modern economics.

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