Plasma ANP levels and protein extravasation during graded expansion with equilibrated whole blood

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. R601-R609 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Distribution ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Protein Extravasation ◽  
Albumin Clearance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (irANP) and radiolabeled albumin clearance (CBSA) in multiple tissues after graded volume stimuli was examined. To obtain a pure volume stimulus, pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats (5 or 6 per group) were equilibrated with a reservoir of blood by a femoral arteriovenous shunt, and volume expansion (VE) was produced by adjusting reservoir outflow. Peak increases in central venous pressure (CVP) during VE equal to 2 and 4% of the body weight over 5 min were 3.6 +/- 0.2 and 7.0 +/- 0.3 mmHg, and plasma irANP levels measured at 40 min post-VE were elevated 1.9- and 4.1-fold above baseline, respectively. Graded increases in CBSA measured between 5 and 35 min post-VE occurred in selective tissues, including intestine, visceral fat, lung, and muscle (P < or = 0.05). In separate animals, the level of VE was maintained after 2% VE by slower administration of an additional 2% VE for the remaining 30 min. This resulted in a more sustained CVP elevation and larger increases in irANP levels and CBSA compared with either 2 or 4% VE. Furthermore, equations derived from previous work in this laboratory involving intravenous administration of ANP predicted the magnitude of CBSA elevation during maintained VE. These findings support a role for ANP in regulating transcapillary protein distribution during acute intravascular expansion.

Contribution of ANP to plasma protein escape during VE: effects of thiorphan and atrial appendectomy

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (3) ◽  
pp. R610-R618
Author(s):  
V. L. Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Protein Extravasation ◽  
Plasma Protein Extravasation ◽  
Peak Increase

The effects of endopeptidase inhibition and right atrial appendectomy (AA) on plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (irANP) concentrations and extravascular accumulation of 131I-labeled bovine serum albumin (CBSA) during volume expansion (VE) were examined in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized rats (n = 5 per group). Compared with controls, infusion of isoncotic albumin (30 ml/kg) increased central venous pressure (CVP) by 5.5 mmHg, plasma irANP by 7-fold, and CBSA in multiple tissues by 1.6- to 4-fold (P < or = 0.05). Inhibition of ANP metabolism with thiorphan (40 mg/kg) had no effect in control animals but increased plasma irANP (+118%) and CBSA (+30-100%) compared with VE alone (P < or = 0.05). Likewise, interference with ANP release by AA reduced plasma irANP (-80%) and CBSA (-30 to -80%) response to VE in parallel (P < or = 0.05). The peak increase in CVP during VE was not affected by either of these manipulations. It is concluded that endogenous ANP increases plasma protein extravasation independent of volume and pressure disturbances during acute intravascular expansion.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Systemic Filling Pressures with Central Venous Pressure of the Body during Cardiac Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
Vadood Norouzi ◽  
Mohammad Hassanpour ِDarghah ◽  
Khatereh Isazadehfar ◽  
Zarin Mahnia ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Central Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Systemic Filling ◽  
The Relationship

Contribution of abdomen and legs to central blood volume expansion in humans during immersion

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Bo Johansen ◽  
Thomas Ulrik Skram Jensen ◽  
Bettina Pump ◽  
Peter Norsk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Cuff Inflation ◽  
Central Blood Volume ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Blood Volume Expansion

Johansen, Lars Bo, Thomas Ulrik Skram Jensen, Bettina Pump, and Peter Norsk. Contribution of abdomen and legs to central blood volume expansion in humans during immersion. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 695–699, 1997.—The hypothesis was tested that the abdominal area constitutes an important reservoir for central blood volume expansion (CBVE) during water immersion in humans. Six men underwent 1) water immersion for 30 min (WI), 2) water immersion for 30 min with thigh cuff inflation (250 mmHg) during initial 15 min to exclude legs from contributing to CBVE (WI+Occl), and 3) a seated nonimmersed control with 15 min of thigh cuff inflation (Occl). Plasma protein concentration and hematocrit decreased from 68 ± 1 to 64 ± 1 g/l and from 46.7 ± 0.3 to 45.5 ± 0.4% ( P < 0.05), respectively, during WI but were unchanged during WI+Occl. Left atrial diameter increased from 27 ± 2 to 36 ± 1 mm ( P < 0.05) during WI and increased similarly during WI+Occl from 27 ± 2 to 35 ± 1 mm ( P < 0.05). Central venous pressure increased from −3.7 ± 1.0 to 10.4 ± 0.8 mmHg during WI ( P < 0.05) but only increased to 7.0 ± 0.8 mmHg during WI+Occl ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, the dilution of blood induced by WI to the neck is caused by fluid from the legs, whereas the CBVE is caused mainly by blood from the abdomen.

The development of the lamb with particular reference to the alimentary tract

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

1. Thirty Suffolk × Half bred lambs were slaughtered at the following ages: two twin lambs at birth and two singles and two twins at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 16 weeks of age.2. The following weights were recorded: live-weight immediately before slaughter; and carcass, head, skin, feet, alimentary tract, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and trachea, and blood immediately afterwards.3. The alimentary tract was emptied and weighed in four separate parts; reticulo-rumen, omasum-abomasum, small intestine, large intestine.4. The volumes of the reticulo-rumen and the omasum-abomasum were measured by immersing in water and filling the organs with water to 2 cm. pressure.5. The in vitro digestive efficiency of rumen liquor from lambs of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age was assessed.6. Empty body weight was considered to be valuable in comparing animals of different ages or from different feeding regimes or at different times of the year because variations in gut ‘fill’ were eliminated.7. There were no differences between singles and twins in the relationship of the fresh weights of the parts of the body to empty body weight, except that development of the liver and the blood was rather slower for singles.8. Little evidence was found of a difference in rate of development of the alimentary tract between singles an d twins, although the log an d square root transformation suggested a possible difference in reticulo-rumen size in favour of twins, significant at the 5% level.

scholarly journals The relationship between body weight and exterior measurements in domestic ostriches during the first four months after hatching

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Andrey Kurtenkov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

It is related leg problems to the realization of the necessity of doing a detailed analysis of the phenotype correlations between body weight and exterior measurements. As a result of the study, lower coefficients have been obtained of the correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings, on the other hand (respectively 0.563 and 0.608), compared with the one between the body weight and the girth behind the wings (0.898). It is advisable in the selection of ostriches to take into consideration the necessity of a higher phenotypic correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on the one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings on the other hand, with a view to preventing leg problems.

Ultrasound Guided Noninvasive Measurement of Central Venous Pressure

2008 ◽  
pp. 1331-1337
Author(s):  
Vikram Aggarwal ◽  
Yoonju Cho ◽  
Aniruddha Chatterjee ◽  
Dickson Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Central Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Parameter ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Mean Pressure

Central venous pressure (CVP) is a measure of the mean pressure within the thoracic vena cava, which is the largest vein in the body and responsible for returning blood from the systemic circulation to the heart. CVP is a major determinant of the filling pressure and cardiac preload, and like any fluid pump, the heart depends on an adequate preload to function effectively. Low venous return translates into a lower preload and a drop in overall cardiac output, a relationship described by the Frank-Starling Mechanism. CVP is an important physiological parameter, the correct measure of which is a clinically relevant diagnostic tool for heart failure patients. In addition to other vitals such as heart rate and mean arterial pressure, accurate measures of central venous pressure through simple diagnostic instrumentation would provide physicians with a clear picture of cardiac functionality, and allow for more targeted treatment. Recent literature has also shown that measuring CVP can be an important hemodynamic indicator for the early identification and treatment of more widespread conditions, such as sepsis (Rivers, Nguyen, Havstad, & Ressler, 2001). With over five million patients (American Heart Association, http://www.americanheart.org/presenter. jhtml) in the U.S. presenting with heart failure-like symptoms annually, a current challenge for physicians is to obtain a quick and accurate measure of a patient’s central venous pressure in a manner that poses minimum discomfort.

Chronic atrial appendectomy alters sodium excretion in conscious monkeys

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. R699-R705
Author(s):  
B. A. Benjamin ◽  
C. H. Metzler ◽  
T. V. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Renal Response ◽  
Fractional Sodium Excretion ◽  
Blood Volume Expansion ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

The purpose of this study is to determine whether chronic removal of atrial appendages alters renal response to volume expansion in the conscious monkey. Chronic bilateral atrial appendectomy (ATX) was performed in six animals. Six additional animals served as sham-operated controls. Monkeys were studied 1-2 wk after chronic surgery. The protocol consisted of three consecutive 10-min urine collections followed by 20% ischemic blood volume expansion (VE) and 120 min of post-VE measurements. In sham animals, VE caused an increase in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) levels (48 +/- 7 pg/ml to a peak of 108 +/- 34 pg/ml). Urine flow increased from 0.43 +/- 0.07 to 1.07 +/- 0.24 ml/min, sodium excretion increased from 17.9 +/- 2.6 to 74.9 +/- 12.0 mu eq/min, and fractional sodium excretion increased from 0.67 +/- 0.10 to 2.43 +/- 0.28%. ATX attenuated the increase in ANP (34 +/- 8 pg/ml to a peak of 38 +/- 9 pg/ml) in four of six animals. In these animals, renal response to VE was significantly attenuated. Urine flow increased from 0.21 +/- 0.05 to 0.30 +/- 0.01 ml/min, sodium excretion increased from 19.3 +/- 6.02 to 37.8 +/- 5.05 mu eq/min, and fractional sodium excretion increased from 0.79 +/- 0.08 to 1.43 +/- 0.17%. Renal response of two ATX animals with normal increases in atrial natriuretic factor was similar to the sham group. Effect of volume expansion on mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, and renal hemodynamics was not altered by ATX. These findings demonstrate that bilateral atrial appendectomy in the monkey attenuates the increase in ANP and reduces renal response to VE.

The relationship between cirral activity and oxygen uptake in Balanus balanoides

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Newell ◽  
H. R. Northcroft
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

The rate of cirral beat of Balanus balanoides is related to the logarithm of the body weight as an exponential function. In any one animal, there is little effect of temperature on cirral activity between 7·5° and 10° C. Between 10° and 20° C, however, there is a rapid increase in cirral beat with temperature followed by a fall at temperatures above 20° C.Balanus balanoides exhibits a fast, medium and zero rate of oxygen consumption. These rates of oxygen consumption correspond with (a) normal cirral beating, (b) ‘testing’ activity with no cirral movement, and (c) with the closure of the mantle cavity. Both of the possible levels of oxygen uptake are related to the logarithm of the body weight in a logarithmic fashion over the temperature range 7·5°–22·5° C. Temperature affects the two rates of oxygen consumption differently. In the slower rate (rate B) there is an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 7·5° and 14° C but there is no significant increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 14° and 22·5 C°.

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