The development of the lamb with particular reference to the alimentary tract

1. Thirty Suffolk × Half bred lambs were slaughtered at the following ages: two twin lambs at birth and two singles and two twins at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 16 weeks of age.2. The following weights were recorded: live-weight immediately before slaughter; and carcass, head, skin, feet, alimentary tract, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs and trachea, and blood immediately afterwards.3. The alimentary tract was emptied and weighed in four separate parts; reticulo-rumen, omasum-abomasum, small intestine, large intestine.4. The volumes of the reticulo-rumen and the omasum-abomasum were measured by immersing in water and filling the organs with water to 2 cm. pressure.5. The in vitro digestive efficiency of rumen liquor from lambs of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age was assessed.6. Empty body weight was considered to be valuable in comparing animals of different ages or from different feeding regimes or at different times of the year because variations in gut ‘fill’ were eliminated.7. There were no differences between singles and twins in the relationship of the fresh weights of the parts of the body to empty body weight, except that development of the liver and the blood was rather slower for singles.8. Little evidence was found of a difference in rate of development of the alimentary tract between singles an d twins, although the log an d square root transformation suggested a possible difference in reticulo-rumen size in favour of twins, significant at the 5% level.

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The effect of plane of nutrition on the body composition of two breeds of wearier sheep fed a high protein diet

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600041770 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 241-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

T. W. Searle ◽

N. McC. Graham ◽

J. B. Donnelly

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Live Weight ◽

High Protein Diet ◽

The Body ◽

High Protein ◽

The Other ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Castrate Male ◽

Body Component ◽

The Relationship

SUMMARYCorriedale and Dorset Horn castrate male (wether) lambs reared at pasture were weaned at 19 kg live weight (LW), brought indoors and fed a high protein diet such that half of each group grew at ca. 200 g/day and the other half at ca. 100 g/day. Animals were slaughtered at 25 and 30 kg LW and chemical composition (protein, fat, energy, water and ash) of the body determined. The relationship between each body component and shorn empty-body weight was examined by regression analysis.Within levels of feeding the results were similar in the two breeds. When comparisons were made between feeding levels, the slower-growing animals contained more fat, energy and ash than the faster-growing group, less water, but similar amounts of protein at any given empty-body weight.

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Cytochrome Oxidase Activity and Body Weight in Rats and in Three Species of Large Animals

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.186.2.203 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 186 (2) ◽

pp. 203-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

H. O. Kunkel ◽

John F. Spalding ◽

Glovanni de Franciscis ◽

Mary F. Futrell

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase ◽

Oxidase Activity ◽

Inverse Function ◽

The Body ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Cytochrome Oxidase Activity ◽

Large Animals ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Study of the relationship of cytochrome oxidase activity of certain tissues to the body weight has been extended to include three species of large animals. In the comparison of rats, sheep, swine and cattle, the cytochrome oxidase activity of skeletal muscle (principally of the gracilis) was found to be roughly an inverse function of body weight. A logarithmic regression of –0.239 was calculated. Although the cytochrome oxidase activity per unit weight of liver in the sheep, swine and cattle series does not reflect the variation in body mass, the regression of the logarithm of total liver cytochrome oxidase activity on the logarithm of body weight was calculated to be 0.674. The data support the concept that the summated total measurable cytochrome oxidase activity is very nearly proportional to body weight to the 3/4 power and, hence, to basal metabolism.

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The influence of level of concentrate feeding on the voluntary intake of grass and on live-weight gain by cattle

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100000301 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 85-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. C. Tayler ◽

J. M. Wilkinson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Feeding Experiments ◽

Gut Fill ◽

Stocking Rates ◽

The Relationship

SUMMARYGrazing and stall-feeding experiments were conducted to examine the effect of giving different amounts of cereal-protein concentrate with grass on the live-weight gain of cattle initially 6 months of age. The effect of level of concentrate on grass intake was also studied in the indoor trial. Experiment 1 took place at pasture, with two stocking rates (high and low) and three levels of supplementation at each stocking rate. The response to supplementation, and rate of live-weight gain by the unsupplemented groups was similar at both stocking rates for a 101-day period from late April to mid-August. The results are discussed in relation to other pasture supplementation experiments, and to those obtained in the indoor experiment. Experiment 2 (stall-feeding) consisted of five levels of concentrate feeding from zero to 100% of the diet. There was little increase in total intake as the proportion of concentrate in the diet increased, and the relationship between grass intake and concentrate intake was rectilinear.Gut fill estimates are presented for each level of concentrate feeding, and results for empty body-weight gain are discussed in relation to live-weight gains. There was a linear increase in weight gain with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet. Empty body-weight gain is recommended as a less biased assessment of the response of cattle to concentrates given with pasture or forages.

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The Prevalence of Obesity and the Relationship of Food Intake in the Body Weight of Medical Students of Hail University – Northern Saudi Arabia

Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences C Physiology and Molecular Biology ◽

10.21608/eajbsc.2019.30334 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Abdelhafiz Bashir ◽

Abdulrahman Althagafi ◽

Mohammad Alduheim ◽

Abdullah Alshaikhi, ◽

Alshaikhi Eid Alrashidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Body Weight ◽

Medical Students ◽

Food Intake ◽

The Body ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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The relationship of quality of life of patients, body weight and comorbidities in different periods after surgical treatment of morbid obesity

Obesity and metabolism ◽

10.14341/omet2015219-22 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 20-23

Author(s):

Valeriy Nikolaevich Egiev ◽

Yuliya Borisovna Mayorova ◽

Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Zorin ◽

Anastasiya Vladimirovna Meleshko ◽

Ekaterina Sergeevna Orlovskaya

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Body Weight ◽

The Body ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Significant Linear Correlation ◽

Quality Of Life Index ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The main goal of any surgical intervention in morbid obesity is to improve the quality of life of patients which is considered directly related to the loss of excess body weight and a reduction in the incidence of related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the interdependence of these indicators. In 2005-2013 we performed 457 operations of gastric banding (GB) and 198 - gastric bypass (GBP). After GB only body mass index (BMI) and quality of life index (QOL) had significant linear correlation, i.e., the higher the weight of the patient, the worse the quality of life. After GBP there was is a significant linear relationship only between the patient's body weight and dynamics of comorbidities, i.e. the higher the weight of the patient, the higher the level of comorbidity. The QOL of patients after GBP does not depend on the body weight or on the frequency of comorbidities.

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ON THE NATURE OF BACTEREMIA IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA IN THE DOG

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.97.2.283 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 283-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

O. H. Robertson ◽

Morton Hamburger ◽

Lucien A. Gregg

Keyword(s):

Humoral Immunity ◽

Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽

The Body ◽

Disease Course ◽

Ample Evidence ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

In a study of the relationship of natural antipneumococcal immune substances to the incidence and course of bacteremia in dogs with experimental pneumococcus pneumonia the following findings came to light: (1) In non-bacteremic animals, natural immune substances, as measured by the pneumococcidal-promoting action of the serum, continue to be present in relatively undiminished concentration throughout the course of the infection. (2) With the advent of bacteremia these immune properties of the blood tend to decrease or disappear, depending on the degree of bacteremia and the length of the disease course, but in certain instances they persist despite the presence of large numbers of circulating pneumococci. (3) Disappearance of natural immune substances from the blood during bacteremia is followed by their reappearance upon cessation of the bacteremia. (4) Bacteremic blood containing antipneumococcal immune substances and a sufficient quantity of leucocytes is capable of destroying in vitro relatively large numbers of pneumococci and will often sterilize itself. (5) The sequence of bacteremia first, then diminution and disappearance of humoral immunity excludes this antipneumococcal action of the blood as being the principal inhibitor of blood invasion. These observations have been interpreted as indicating that the bacteremic state consists of a constant escape of pneumococci from the pulmonary lesion and an attempt on the part of the body to compensate for the depletion of circulating immune substances resulting from their progressive immobilization by the pneumococci and their products. Thus, the loss or retention of humoral immune substances in the presence of bacteremia would appear to depend on the rate at which the body can provide new supplies of antibodies and on the number of pneumococci being discharged into the circulation. While the pneumococcidal action of the blood may not be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of bacteremia our study provides ample evidence that it exerts a potent restraining effect on the increase in numbers of pneumococci in the circulation.

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The relationship of body condition and chewing time with body weight, the level of plasma cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, leptin and energy metabolites in cows until reaching the lactation peak

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb202089010031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Krzysztof Młynek ◽

Beata Głowińska

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Condition ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

The Body ◽

Energy Metabolites ◽

Condition Score ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

This study examined the relationship of body condition and chewing time (CT) with body weight (BW), the level of cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), leptin and energy metabolites in cows until reaching the lactation peak. The results showed the greatest loss of BW between days 11 and 45 of lactation and a decrease in the body condition score (BCS) until day 75. Chewing time showed an increase from day 45 with the highest values after lactation peak. The CART and leptin concentrations demonstrate a reduction of both indices (P < 0.05) between days 11 and 75. The function of leptin as a factor positively correlating with BW and BCS was found. In the heaviest individuals and those with higher BCS, the blood leptin levels were higher. The results of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) indicate that cows with the lowest BCS had the most intensive energy transformation. This led to a higher BHBA concentration compared to the cows with high BCS (P < 0.05). The obtained results show that CART was most strongly negatively associated with CT (P < 0.05). For leptin, the tendency was the opposite and the correlation with CT was not significant. The results suggest that CT may be stronger regulated by CART, which has anorectic properties, than by appetite inhibiting leptin. Significant decrease of body condition during lactation is a great problem for dairy farmers. The explanation of the issue of the participation of CART and leptin in the regulation of body’s energy homeostasis may therefore be of importance for milk production.

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Morfometrik Genus Terebellobranchia sp. (Kelas : Polychaeta, Famili: Terebellidae) di Daerah Intertidal Pulau Lemukutan, Kabupaten Bengkayang

Jurnal Protobiont ◽

10.26418/protobiont.v8i1.30852 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heru Winarko Junardi, Tri Rima Setyawati

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Body Size ◽

The Body ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

High Level ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Number Of Segments ◽

Digital Caliper

Terebellobranchia sp. is a member of the Terebellidae family, which is known to have a high level of morphological variation. The aims of research was to know morphometric variations and the relationship of body size and uncini of Terebellobranchia sp. in Lemukutan Island. The measurements body and uncini were carried out on complete specimens with digital caliper, while uncini measuring under a microscope with eyepiece micrometer. Data analysis with t test in 64 individuals. The Terebellobranchia sp. found in station 2 had a significantly different size with Terebellobranchia sp. in other stations. The body length of Terebellobranchia sp. shows a strong correlation with the width, number of segments and body weight, meanwhile the width of the segment strongly correlated with size of uncini.

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Korelasi fenotip antara ukuran bagian tubuh dengan bobot badan dari silangan ayam pedaging, kate dan lokal sabu pada umur dua belas minggu

JURNAL NUKLEUS PETERNAKAN ◽

10.35508/nukleus.v7i1.2260 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 51-54

Author(s):

Yohanes Djego ◽

Johny Nada Kihe

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Chest Circumference ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Wing Span ◽

Research Material ◽

Genotype Composition ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT The purpose of this research was to know the relationship between the the weight and body measurements at age of 12 weeks of crossbreds of three chicken types that were broiler, kate and Sabu chicken. The relationship of body weight with the body measurements was used as a consideration for selecting the body weight. The research material was 30 tails of crossbreds with genotype composition was ½ broiler 1/4 Kate ¼ Sabu chicken. The method of research was experiment and directly weighting and measuring of the body measuremens. All chickens were given freely the same food and waters. The observed parameters were body weight, backbone length, chest circumference, shank circumference and wing span. Data was analised using the correlation analysis. Research results obtained the koefisien of correlation between chest circumference, backbone length, shank length and wing span with body weight were 0.62; 0.32; 031 and 0.20. Correlations between body weight and body measurements of chicken crossbreds with genotype composision ½ broiler ¼ Kate ¼ Sabu were positip.

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