scholarly journals Salmon calcitonin reduces food intake through changes in meal sizes in male rhesus monkeys

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. R76-R81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Bello ◽  
Matthew H. Kemm ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Meal Patterns ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Male Rhesus

Amylinergic mechanisms are believed to be involved in the control of appetite. This study examined the effects of the amylin agonist, salmon calcitonin, on food intake and meal patterns in adult male rhesus monkeys. Fifteen minutes before the onset of their 6-h daily feeding period, monkeys received intramuscular injections of various doses of salmon calcitonin (0.032, 0.056, 0.1, 0.32, and 1 μg/kg) or saline. Salmon calcitonin dose dependently reduced total daily and hourly food intake, with significant decreases at the 0.1, 0.32, and 1 μg/kg doses. Daily food intake was reduced by ∼35%, 62%, and 96%, at these doses, respectively. An analysis of meal patterns revealed that size of the first meal was significantly reduced across the dose range of 0.056 to 1 μg/kg, while average meal size was reduced with the 0.32 and 1 μg/kg doses. Meal number was only affected at the 1 μg/kg dose. Repeated 5-day administration of the 0.1 μg/kg dose resulted in a reduction in daily food intake only on injection day 2, while significant reductions in food intake were observed on all five injection days with a 0.32 μg/kg dose. Daily food intake was also reduced for 1 day after the termination of the 5-day injections of the 0.32 μg/kg salmon calcitonin dose. These sustained reductions in intake were expressed through decreases in meal size. These data demonstrate that salmon calcitonin acutely and consistently decreases food intake mainly through reductions in meal sizes in nonhuman primates.

Acute activation of ERα decreases food intake, meal size, and body weight in ovariectomized rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (6) ◽  
pp. R2194-R2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Santollo ◽  
Mathew D. Wiley ◽  
Lisa A. Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Anorexigenic Effect

Estradiol exerts many of its actions by coupling with two nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) proteins, ERα, and ERβ.While the acute, anorexigenic effect of estradiol appears to involve such a mechanism, the relative contributions of ERα and ERβ are equivocal. To address this problem, food intake was monitored in ovariectomized (OVX) rats following acute administration of a selective ERα agonist (4,4′,4′′-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol, PPT; dose range = 0–200 μg), a selective ERβ agonist (2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile, DPN; dose range = 0–600 μg), and a physiological (4 μg) dose of estradiol benzoate (EB). While PPT-treated rats displayed dose-dependent decreases in daily food intake and body weight, neither of these measures was influenced by any dose of DPN. In addition, DPN failed to modulate the anorexigenic effect of PPT when the two ER agonists were coadministered. Meal pattern analysis revealed that the anorexigenic effect of 75 μg PPT (a dose of PPT that produced a similar decrease in daily food intake as 4 μg EB) was mediated by a decrease in meal size, not meal number. Thus, PPT, like EB and endogenous estradiol, decreases food intake by selectively affecting the controls of meal size. The finding that acute administration of 75 μg PPT failed to induce a conditioned taste aversion suggests that the anorexigenic effect of this dose of PPT is not secondary to malaise. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that selective activation of ERα decreases food intake, body weight, and meal size in the ovariectomized rat.

Effects of intermittent intraperitoneal infusion of salmon calcitonin on food intake and adiposity in obese rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. R1798-R1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanth K. Chelikani ◽  
Alvin C. Haver ◽  
Roger D. Reidelberger
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Intraperitoneal Infusion ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Obese Rats

Chronic administration of anorexigenic substances to experimental animals by injections or continuous infusion typically produces no effect or a transient reduction in daily food intake and body weight. Our aim was to identify an intermittent dosing strategy for intraperitoneal infusion of salmon calcitonin (sCT), a homolog of amylin that produces a sustained 25–35% reduction in daily food intake and adiposity in diet-induced obese rats. Rats (649 ± 10 g body wt, 27 ± 1% body fat), with intraperitoneal catheters tethered to infusion swivels, had free access to a 45% fat diet. Food intake, body weight, and adiposity during the 7-wk test period were relatively stable in the vehicle-treated rats ( n = 16). None of 10 sCT dosing regimens administered in succession to a second group of rats ( n = 18) produced a sustained 25–35% reduction in daily food intake for >5 days, although body weight and adiposity were reduced by 9% (587 ± 12 vs. 651 ± 14 g) and 22% (20.6 ± 1.2 vs. 26.5 ± 1.1%), respectively, across the 7-wk period. The declining inhibitory effect of sCT on daily food intake with the 6-h interinfusion interval appeared to be due in part to an increase in food intake between infusions. The declining inhibitory effect of sCT on daily food intake with the 2- to 3-h interinfusion interval suggested possible receptor downregulation and tolerance to frequent sCT administration; however, food intake increased dramatically when sCT was discontinued for 1 day after apparent loss of treatment efficacy. Together, these results demonstrate the activation of a potent homeostatic response to increase food intake when sCT reduces food intake and energy reserves in diet-induced obese rats.

Intracranial infusion of CCK-8 derivatives suppresses food intake in rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. R718-R723 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mori ◽  
K. Nagai ◽  
H. Nakagawa ◽  
N. Yanaihara
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Brain

The effects of infusions for approximately 1 wk of the synthetic COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) and its derivatives, pyroglutamyl-CCK-8 (pGlu-CCK-8) and glutaryl-CCK-8 (Glt-CCK-8), into the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus of male Wistar rats on their feeding behavior under 12:12 light-dark cycle were examined. Infusion of CCK-8 (0.8 pmol/h) did not change the total daily food intake but caused slight decrease in food intake during the 12-h dark period with slight increase in the 12-h light period. Infusions of pGlu-CCK-8 (0.8 pmol/h) and Glt-CCK-8 (0.8 pmol/h) markedly reduced food intake during the 12-h dark period but had little effect in the light period and thus decreased total daily food intake. The reductions in food intake during the 12-h dark period due to infusions of the CCK-8 derivatives were greater than that due to CCK-8 infusion. Body weight changes reflected changes in food intake. CCK-8 derivatives appeared to suppress both meal size and frequency at the early part of the infusion period but reduce only meal size at the later part. Histological examination showed that infusion sites in the brain were widely damaged; however, neurons in the SCN appeared to be intact. These findings suggest that CCK-8 suppresses food intake during the dark period in rats by acting on some site(s) in the brain. The results also support the possibility that CCK-8 is degraded enzymatically in the brain, whereas the two derivatives, pGlu-CCK-8 and Glt-CCK-8, are resistant to degradation.

Suppression of meal size by intestinal nutrients is eliminated by celiac vagal deafferentation

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. R1410-R1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Walls ◽  
R. J. Phillips ◽  
F. B. Wang ◽  
M. C. Holst ◽  
T. L. Powley
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The arrival of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract suppresses intake. To specify the neural pathways and receptor locations of this feedback, we examined the effects of intraduodenal infusions of 10 nutrients plus saline on short-term food intake of rats with selective deafferentations of vagal celiac branches. Three response profiles were observed: 1) isotonic saline, 5.6% glycerol, and 3% fructose did not inhibit intake of controls or selectively deafferented animals; 2) 3% glucose, 3% maltose, 3% L-phenylalanine, 12% Isocal, and 1.4% oleic acid suppressed intake of controls, but this inhibition was eliminated by vagal celiac deafferentation; and 3) 3% casein hydrolysate and 24% Isocal suppressed intake of controls and rats with selective vagotomies, although the latter exhibited significantly less suppression. In addition, elimination of celiac afferents chronically reduced meal size (i.e., first 30-min intake) without reducing daily food intake or body weight. Furthermore, D-phenylalanine infusions produced a delayed suppression of food intake in controls (possibly from intraluminal irritation); however, this reduction was eliminated with celiac deafferentation. Overall, this experiment indicates that vagal celiac afferents are critical for preabsorptive detection of some energy-yielding molecules or properties of nutrient solutions (as well as, perhaps, intraluminal inflammation), but not others, which are still detected, although only partially.

CCK-octapeptide injected in CSF decreases meal size and daily food intake in sheep

Peptides ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Della-Fera ◽  
Clifton A. Baile
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food

scholarly journals Dose combinations of exendin-4 and salmon calcitonin produce additive and synergistic reductions in food intake in nonhuman primates

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. R945-R952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Bello ◽  
Matthew H. Kemm ◽  
Erica M. Ofeldt ◽  
Timothy H. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Salmon Calcitonin ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Reduce Food Intake ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Access To Food

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and amylin mediate the feedback control of eating by seemingly separate, but overlapping mechanisms. This study examined the effects of combined doses of the GLP-1 agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), and the amylin analog, salmon calcitonin (sCT), on food intake and meal patterns in adult male rhesus monkeys. Monkeys received intramuscular injections of Ex-4 (0, 0.1, 0.32, or 0.56 μg/kg), sCT (0, 0.1, or 0.32 μg/kg), or combinations thereof before a 6-h daily access to food. Dose combinations produced reductions in food intake that were significantly greater than those produced by the individual doses. Surface plots of the hourly intake indicated a synergistic interaction at lower doses of Ex-4 and sCT during the first 4 h of feeding and additive effects at hours 5 and 6. Meal pattern analysis revealed the combinational doses reduced average meal size and meal frequency by additive interactions, whereas infra-additive effects were apparent at lower doses for first meal size. Combinational doses were further characterized by administration of repeated daily injections of 0.56 μg/kg Ex-4 + 0.32 μg/kg sCT for 5 days. This resulted in sustained reductions in daily food intake (>70% from saline baseline) for 5 days with residual reductions (∼48% from saline baseline) persisting on day 1 following the injections. In contrast, when pair-fed an identical amount of daily food, there was a compensatory food intake increase on day 1 following the pair-feeding (∼132% of saline baseline). Such data suggest Ex-4 and sCT interact in an overall additive fashion to reduce food intake and further the understanding of how GLP-1 and amylin agonist combinations influence feeding behavior.

Limits to sustained energy intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Johnson ◽  
S. C. Thomson ◽  
J. R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

SUMMARYTo determine whether mice were limited in their capacity to absorb energy during late lactation, we attempted to increase the energy burden experienced by a group of female mice during late lactation by mating them at the postpartum oestrus, hence combining the energy demands of pregnancy and lactation. These experimental mice were therefore concurrently pregnant and lactating in their first lactation, and were followed through a normal second lactation. In a control group, females also underwent two lactations but sequentially, with the second mating after the first litter had been weaned. Maternal mass and food intake were measured throughout the first lactation, second pregnancy and second lactation. Maternal resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured prior to the first mating and then at the peak of both the first and second lactations. Litter size and litter mass were also measured throughout both lactations. In the first lactation, experimental mice had a lower mass-independent RMR (F1,88=5.15, P=0.026) and raised significantly heavier pups (t=2.77, d.f.=32, P=0.0093) than the control mice. Experimental mice delayed implantation at the start of the second pregnancy. The extent of the delay was positively related to litter size during the first lactation (F1,19=4.58, P=0.046) and negatively related to mean pup mass (F1,19=5.78, P=0.027) in the first lactation. In the second lactation, the experimental mice gave birth to more (t=2.75, d.f.=38, P=0.0092) and lighter (t=−5.01, d.f.=38, P<0.0001) pups than did the controls in their second lactation. Maternal asymptotic daily food intake of control mice in the second lactation was significantly higher (t=−4.39, d.f.=37, P=0.0001) than that of the experimental mice and higher than that of controls during their first lactation. Despite the added burden on the experimental females during their first lactation, there was no increase in their food intake, which suggested that they might be limited by their capacity to absorb energy. However, control females appeared to be capable of increasing their asymptotic food intake beyond the supposed limits estimated previously, suggesting that the previously established limit was not a fixed central limitation on food intake. As RMR increased in parallel with the increase in food intake during the second lactation of control mice, the sustained energy intake remained at around 7.0×RMR.

scholarly journals A Study of the Nutritional Behavior and Body Mass Indexes for Students of Age (17-25) Years In Baghdad, Iraq.

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-487
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Behavior ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Personal Meeting

The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status for samples at the age of 17-15 years. These samples were taken from secondary schools and universities in Baghdad area, 123 of them were male and 261 were female. Data on weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined in each individual. Smaller sample of 215 individuals (male and female) from the original sample was taken in order to record their nutritional behavior and daily food intake during the 24 hours prior to the visit through personal meeting using special questionnaire. The results showed that the weight and the height were within the range of the people of neighboring Arab countries, who are in the same age. Beside 44.4- 55.95% of these samples were within the normal weight using body mass index. Percentages of obesity and overweight were between 43.5- 6.5% for male and female respectively. There was an increase in daily food intake in general for essential diet and energy indeed, as recorded in nutritional behavior. 67% of samples have their breakfast every day. There were 51% of the samples having snacks (additional meal) between the major meals everyday and 62% have beverages every day. Also high percentage of samples were having milk and its products, vegetables, fruits (as nutritional sources) every day and the percentages were 47%, 67%, 78% respectively. In general their nutritional behavior and daily food intake were within the limits which showed by American recommended daily dietary, still there was some incorrect nutritional behavior which need more education and learning about nutrition.

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