Fatty acids exacerbate tubulointerstitial injury in protein-overload proteinuria

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (4) ◽  
pp. F640-F647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Thomas ◽  
Kevin P. G. Harris ◽  
John Walls ◽  
Peter N. Furness ◽  
Nigel J. Brunskill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Potent Inducer

The role of the albumin-carried fatty acids in the induction of tubulointerstitial injury was studied in protein-overload proteinuria. Rats were injected with fatty acid-carrying BSA [FA(+)BSA], fatty acid-depleted BSA [FA(−)BSA], or saline. Macrophage infiltration was measured by immunohistochemical staining, apoptotic cells were detected by in situ end labeling, and proliferating cells were identified by in situ hybridization for histone mRNA. Macrophage infiltration was significantly greater in the FA(+)BSA group than in the FA(−)BSA and saline groups. The infiltrate was largely restricted to the outer cortex. Apoptosis was greater in the FA(+)BSA group than in the FA(−)BSA and saline groups. Compared with the saline group, apoptosis was significantly increased in the FA(+)BSA group but not in the FA(−)BSA group. Cortical cells proliferated significantly more in the FA(+)BSA and FA(−)BSA groups than in the saline group. FA(+)BSA is therefore a more potent inducer of macrophage infiltration and cell death than FA(−)BSA. The fatty acids carried on albumin may be the chief instigators of tubulointerstitial injury in protein-overload proteinuria.

scholarly journals Uptake of algal carbon and the likely synthesis of an "essential" fatty acid by <i>Uvigerina</i> ex. gr. <i>semiornata</i> (Foraminifera) within the Pakistan margin oxygen minimum zone: evidence from fatty acid biomarker and <sup>13</sup>C tracer experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3729-3738 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Larkin ◽  
A. J. Gooday ◽  
C. Woulds ◽  
R. M. Jeffreys ◽  
M. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Oxygen Minimum Zone ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Minimum Zone ◽  
Oxygen Minimum ◽  
Tracer Experiments

Abstract. Foraminifera are an important component of benthic communities in oxygen-depleted settings, where they potentially play a significant role in the processing of organic matter. We tracked the uptake of a 13C-labelled algal food source into individual fatty acids in the benthic foraminiferal species Uvigerina ex. gr. semiornata from the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). The tracer experiments were conducted on the Pakistan margin during the late/post monsoon period (August–October 2003). A monoculture of the diatom Thalassiosira weisflogii was 13C-labelled and used to simulate a pulse of phytoplankton in two complementary experiments. A lander system was used for in situ incubations at 140 m water depth and for 2.5 days in duration. Shipboard laboratory incubations of cores collected at 140 m incorporated an oxystat system to maintain ambient dissolved oxygen concentrations and were terminated after 5 days. Uptake of diatoms was rapid, with a high incorporation of diatom fatty acids into foraminifera after ~ 2 days in both experiments. Ingestion of the diatom food source was indicated by the increase over time in the quantity of diatom biomarker fatty acids in the foraminifera and by the high percentage of 13C in many of the fatty acids present at the endpoint of both in situ and laboratory-based experiments. These results indicate that

Characterization of a Euphorbia lagascae epoxide hydrolase gene that is induced early during germination

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Edqvist ◽  
I. Farbos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Epoxide Hydrolase ◽  
Vernolic Acid ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Transcription Pattern ◽  
Vicinal Diols ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

In Euphorbia lagascae the major fatty acid in triacylglycerol is the epoxidated fatty acid vernolic acid (cis- 12-epoxyoctadeca-cis-9-enoic acid). The enzymic reactions occurring during the catabolism of epoxidated fatty acids during germination are not known, but it seems likely that the degradation requires the activity of an epoxide hydrolase. Epoxide hydrolases are a group of functionally related enzymes that catalyse the cofactor-independent hydrolysis of epoxides to their corresponding vicinal diols by the addition of a water molecule. Here we report the cloning and characterization of an epoxide hydrolase gene from E. lagascae. The structure of the gene is unusual since it lacks introns. A detailed investigation of the transcription pattern of the epoxide hydrolase gene shows that the gene is induced during germination. We have used in situ hybridization to identify in which tissues the gene is expressed during germination. We speculate that this epoxide hydrolase enzyme is involved in the catabolism of epoxidated fatty acids during germination of E. lagascae seeds.

Investigation of in vivo fatty acid metabolism in AFABP/aP2−/− mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. E187-E193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Baar ◽  
Carlus S. Dingfelder ◽  
Lisa A. Smith ◽  
David A. Bernlohr ◽  
Chaodong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Meal Feeding

The metabolic impact of the murine adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP/aP2) on lipid metabolism was investigated in the AFABP/aP2−/− mouse and compared with wild-type C57BL/6J littermates. Mice were weaned on a high-fat diet (59% of energy from fat) and acclimated to meal feeding. Stable isotopes were administered, and indirect calorimetry was performed to quantitate fatty acid flux, dietary fatty acid utilization, and substrate oxidation. Consistent with previous in situ and in vitro studies, fasting serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) release was significantly reduced in AFABP/aP2−/− (17.1 ± 9.0 vs. 51.9 ± 22.9 mg·kg−1·min−1). AFABP/aP2−/− exhibited higher serum NEFA (1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 0.8 ± 0.4 mmol/l, AFABP/aP2−/− vs. C57BL/6J, respectively) and triacylglycerol (TAG; 0.23 ± 0.09 vs. 0.13 ± 0.10 mmol/l) and accumulated more TAG in liver tissue (2.9 ± 2.3 vs. 1.1 ± 0.8% wet wt) in the fasted state. For the liver-TAG pool, 16.4 ± 7.3% of TAG-fatty acids were derived from serum NEFA in AFABP/aP2−/−. In contrast, a significantly greater portion of C57BL/6J liver-TAG was derived from serum NEFA (42.3 ± 25.5%) during tracer infusion. For adipose-TAG stores, only 0.29 ± 0.04% was derived from serum NEFA in AFABP/aP2−/−, and, in C57BL/6J, 1.85 ± 0.97% of adipose-TAG was derived from NEFA. In addition, AFABP/aP2−/− preferentially oxidized glucose relative to fatty acids in the fed state. These data demonstrate that in vivo disruption of AFABP/aP2−/− leads to changes in the following two major metabolic processes: 1) decreased adipose NEFA efflux and 2) preferential utilization of glucose relative to fatty acids.

Effects of P-Chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on Free Fatty Acid Mobilization from Canine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue In Situ

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Miller ◽  
O. D. Mjøs ◽  
M. F. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. The mechanism whereby p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) lowers plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations has been studied in dogs by measuring the associated changes in adipose tissue metabolism. 2. CPIB lowered arterial concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids during isoprenaline infusion by a mean value of 41%. 3. This was accompanied by a proportionate decrease (45%) in the release of non-esterified fatty acids from subcutaneous adipose tissue in situ, and by a lesser reduction (22%) in that of glycerol. 4. Adipose tissue blood flow was unchanged by CPIB. 5. These findings indicate that the lowering effect of CPIB on non-esterified fatty acid concentrations derives principally from decreased mobilization rather than from increased tissue uptake of the fatty acids, and that this reflects both inhibited lipolysis and enhanced re-esterification of the fatty acids in adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Triacylglycerol synthesis in goat mammary gland. Factors influencing the esterification of fatty acids synthesized de novo

1984 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
H O Hansen ◽  
I Grunnet ◽  
J Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase ◽  
Exogenous Fatty Acid ◽  
Triacylglycerol Synthesis ◽  
Membrane Bound

ATP alone had no effect on incorporation of fatty acids synthesized de novo and membrane-bound diacylglycerol into triacylglycerol. Combined addition of ATP and Mg2+ totally inhibits incorporation of fatty acids synthesized de novo and stimulated incorporation of membrane-bound diacylglycerol. ATP, Mg2+ and glycerol 3-phosphate stimulate incorporation of fatty acids synthesized de novo into triacylglycerol, but inhibited the incorporation of membrane-bound diacylglycerol. Diacylglycerol generated in situ was shown to be superior to diacylglycerols preloaded on the membrane as substrate for the diacylglycerol acyltransferase. A model is proposed to explain the effect of absorbed exogenous fatty acid on fatty acid synthesis de novo in goat mammary gland.

Influence of Cationic Interactions on Fatty Acid Monolayers Studied by Ellipsometry

1989 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahn Won Kim ◽  
Bryan B. Sauer ◽  
Hyuk Yu ◽  
Mehran Yazdanian ◽  
George Zografi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Head Groups ◽  
Length Data

ABSTRACTOptical properties of fatty acid monolayers were measured as a function of surface density and under the influence of cations in the aqueous substrate. The monolayer behavior of pentadecanoic acid (C15) on an aqueous solution of HCl at pH=2.0 was studied. The change in the ellipsometric phase angle δΔ was mildly affected by increases in surface density at constant orientation but strongly influenced by the liquid-expanded/solid phase transition presumably due to a change in conformation.The increase in the ellipsometric phase angle 6Δ with chain length C15, C16, C18, and C22 was attributed to an increase in thickness of fatty acids at the air/water interface. Separating the effect of optical density of head groups, the refractive indices calculated from the chain length data were independent of ionic environment. The magnitude of δΔ for fatty acids on aqueous substrates increased in the order HCl, CdCl2, and PbCl2. This was due to an increase in the refractive index of fatty acid head groups caused by association of divalent cations. Ellipsometry was also found to be a useful technique to monitor in-situ the degree of divalent cation association.

scholarly journals Impact of Temperature on Ladderane Lipid Distribution in Anammox Bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1596-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne E. Rattray ◽  
Jack van de Vossenberg ◽  
Andrea Jaeschke ◽  
Ellen C. Hopmans ◽  
Stuart G. Wakeham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Cold Surface ◽  
Homeoviscous Adaptation ◽  
Fatty Acid Chain ◽  
Ladderane Lipids

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria have the unique ability to synthesize fatty acids containing linearly concatenated cyclobutane rings, termed “ladderane lipids.” In this study we investigated the effect of temperature on the ladderane lipid composition and distribution in anammox enrichment cultures, marine particulate organic matter, and surface sediments. Under controlled laboratory conditions we observed an increase in the amount of C20 [5]-ladderane fatty acids compared with the amount of C18 [5]-ladderane fatty acids with increasing temperature and also an increase in the amount of C18 [5]-ladderane fatty acids compared with the amount of C20 [5]-ladderane fatty acids with decreasing temperature. Combining these data with results from the natural environment showed a significant (R 2 = 0.85, P = <0.0001, n = 121) positive sigmoidal relationship between the amounts of C18 and C20 [5]-ladderane fatty acids and the in situ temperature; i.e., there is an increase in the relative abundance of C18 [5]-ladderane fatty acids at lower temperatures and vice versa, particularly at temperatures between 12�C and 20�C. Novel shorter (C16) and longer (C22 to C24) ladderane fatty acids were also identified, but their relative amounts were small and did not change with temperature. The adaptation of ladderane fatty acid chain length to temperature changes is similar to the regulation of common fatty acid composition in other bacteria and may be the result of maintaining constant membrane fluidity under different temperature regimens (homeoviscous adaptation). Our results can potentially be used to discriminate between the origins of ladderane lipids in marine sediments, i.e., to determine if ladderanes are produced in situ in relatively cold surface sediments or if they are fossil remnants originating from the warmer upper water column.

Direct reuse of Cu-laden wastewater for non-edible oil hydrolysis: basic mechanism of metal extraction and fatty acid production

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (30) ◽  
pp. 25359-25367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ki Ong ◽  
Phuong Lan Tran Nguyen ◽  
Felycia Edi Soetaredjo ◽  
Suryadi Ismadji ◽  
Yi-Hsu Ju
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Oil Hydrolysis ◽  
Copper Soap

Copper soap from in situ reaction between Cu2+ and fatty acids facilitates water transfer into oil phase and catalyzes oil hydrolysis.

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