Effect of furosemide on renal handling of glucose in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (5) ◽  
pp. F438-F442
Author(s):  
S. Boonjarern ◽  
P. K. Mehta ◽  
M. E. Laski ◽  
W. R. Earnest ◽  
N. A. Kurtzman
Keyword(s):  
Control Period ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Renal Handling ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glucose Recovery ◽  
Extracellular Volume Expansion ◽  
Renal Tubular

Clearance and intratubular microinjection studies were performed in rats during extracellular volume expansion before and after furosemide administration to evaluate renal tubular transport of glucose. Three groups of animals were studied: group I, intact rats; group II, acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rats; and group III, thyroparathyroidectomized rats receiving parathyroid extract after a control period. In all groups furosemide caused a significant increase in the urinary flow rate and sodium excretion. There was no significant change in filtered glucose and glucose excretion. After early distal tubular injections of [14C]glucose, recovery was complete both before and after furosemide infusion. Furosemide had no effect on [14C]glucose recovery after the late proximal injection. These results indicate that furosemide has no effect on the renal handling of glucose in normoglycemic rats. There is no evidence for glucose reabsorption in the nephronal segments distal to the early distal tubular segment in this experimental state. Our data suggest, but do not prove, that no glucose is transported by the rat nephron beyond the pars recta during normoglycemia.

Endothelin effects in isolated, perfused lamb lungs: role of cyclooxygenase inhibition and vasomotor tone

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H443-H450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
J. Usha Raj ◽  
R. Hillyard ◽  
B. Ku ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Arteries And Veins

We have determined the sites of action of endothelin-1 (ET) in the lamb pulmonary circulation. The influence of cyclooxygenase inhibition and baseline vasomotor tone on ET effects was also studied. Lungs of 14 lambs (6-9 wk of age, 12.1 +/- 0.6 kg body wt) were isolated and perfused with blood. Group I lungs (n = 5) were untreated, group II lungs (n = 5) were treated with indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase, and group III lungs (n = 4) were treated with indomethacin and a thromboxane A2 analogue, U-46619, to elevate vasomotor tone. All lungs were perfused with constant flow in zone 3, with left atrial and airway pressures being 8 and 6 cmH2O, respectively. We measured pulmonary arterial pressure and, by the micropuncture servo-null method, pressures in 20- to 50-microns diameter subpleural venules, both before and after each dose of ET was infused (50, 100, 250, and 500 ng/kg). Group I lungs, with high baseline vasomotor tone, exhibited a biphasic response to ET; 50-100 ng/kg of ET dilated both arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET constricted both arteries and veins. In group II lungs with low vasomotor tone, all doses of ET caused constriction of arteries only. In group III lungs (indomethacin treated with elevated vasomotor tone), 50-100 ng/kg of ET caused dilation of arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET induced constriction, this time only in arteries. We conclude that ET has both dilator and constrictor effects in arteries and veins of isolated, perfused lamb lungs. ET-induced arterial and venous dilation is dependent on initial vasomotor tone but not on cyclooxygenase metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals FLUORIDE ABSORBED ON EXTRACTED TEETH AFTER IMMERSING IN FLUORIDE TABLET, FLUOCOL SOLUTION AND FLUORIDE DENTRIFICE (IN VITRO TEST)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Diyah Fatmasari ◽  
Lanny Sunarjo
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vitro Test

Background: The role of fluoride in preventing tooth decay both for children and adult has been acknowledged internationally. There are several types of fluoride modalities either topically or systemic way. In Indonesia the modalities used to apply are fluoride tablet, fluocol solution and fluoride containing toothpaste. The purpose of this research is to find the effectiveness of fluoride modalities.Method: The study design was quasy experimental with 40 extracted teeth (Premolar teeth). The teeth divided into four groups D group I soaked on tablet fluor, Group II ; soaked on fluocol solution, Group III soaked on fluoride tooth paste and group IV soaked on Mill J (Aquadest/ Control solution). Fluoride concentration before and after soaking was determined using Spectrophotometer UV-Vis. Fluoride absorption was determined by the reduction of fluoride concentration after soaking.Result: Research result shown that the highest fluoride absorption was on soaking in fluoride tablet, followed by soaking on fluocol and tooth paste (mean fluoride absorption was 0,32; 0,08 and 0,04 ppm). Anova test shown significance level was 0,000.Conclusion: there were a significance of fluoride absorption on soaking in tablet fluoride, fluocol solution and toothpaste. The mechanism of fluoride regimens shown different fluoride absorption.

Effect of V2-receptor-mediated changes on inner medullary blood flow induced by AVP

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. F576-F581 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Kiberd ◽  
C. R. Robertson ◽  
T. Larson ◽  
R. L. Jamison
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Urinary Flow ◽  
Medullary Blood Flow ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vasa Recta ◽  
V2 Receptor

We have previously shown that arginine vasopressin (AVP) in physiological amounts reduces inner medullary blood flow and that the mechanism of this decrease is at least in part mediated by the vasopressor (V1-receptor) action of AVP. To determine whether the antidiuretic action of AVP (V2-receptor) also contributes to the reduction in inner medullary blood flow, we determined capillary blood flow (QVR) in individual descending vasa recta (DVR) and ascending vasa recta (AVR) using fluorescence videomicroscopy in the exposed renal papilla of the anesthetized rat. Three groups of chronically water-diuretic rats were studied in three consecutive periods: control (period 1), experimental (period 2), and recovery (period 3). Group I rats (designated the AVP group) received AVP, 45 ng X h-1 X kg body wt-1; group II (AVP + V2-inhibitor), AVP plus its specific antidiuretic antagonist d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Thr4]AVP; and group III (V2-inhibitor), the antagonist alone, respectively, in the experimental period 2. Only group I rats concentrated their urine, urine osmolality (Uosmol) = 499 +/- 48 mosmol/kgH2O, whereas urine remained hypotonic throughout in groups II and III. In group I, QVR in DVR and AVR decreased in period 2; but in groups II and III, QVR tended to increase. These results suggest that the AVP-induced decrease in papillary vasa recta blood flow is in part mediated by its antidiuretic V2-receptor as well as by its vasopressor (V1-receptor). They also suggest that the rate of urinary flow in the medullary collecting ducts is a determinant of inner medullary blood flow.

Interaction of Spatial Perception, Vestibular Function, and Exercise in Young School Age Boys with Learning Disabilities

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy N. Byl ◽  
Frederick M. Byl ◽  
Joseph H. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Perceptual Skills ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vestibulo Ocular Reflex ◽  
Experimental Group

Form rotation, figure directionality, and figure-ground discrimination were evaluated before and after 10 days of vestibular or aerobic exercises for 30 boys (7 to 12 yr.) who showed problems in learning, reading, and inattention. Eight subjects had normal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses as determined by caloric and rotational testing. They were assigned to a vestibular program (Control Group I). The 22 subjects with abnormal VOR test responses were randomly assigned to either aerobic exercises (Experimental Group II) or a vestibular program (Experimental Group III). Spatial perceptual test scores varied widely, with the majority performing below age-expected norms but no significant differences on vestibular status appeared. Postexercise, only subjects completing the vestibular program made significant gains: Experimental Group III (abnormal VOR) made significant gains in accuracy and normal test responses compared to the other groups, and Control Group I made significantly greater gains in speed of spatial perceptual processing. For boys with problems in learning, reading, inattention, and vestibular function, a vestibular exercise program complementing a traditional or special educational program may enhance the spatial perceptual skills needed for reading.

Effect of aortic clamping on proximal reabsorption and sodium excretion in the rat

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. F92-F96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Osgood ◽  
N. H. Lameire ◽  
M. I. Sorkin ◽  
J. H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Aortic Clamping ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After

It has been suggested that aortic clamping prior to expansion of the extracellular fluid volume prevents the natriuretic response normally seen in this setting. To further evaluate this finding, two groups of re-collection micropuncture studies were performed before and after 7.5% body wt expansion with Ringer solution. Group I, immediate-clamp studies, n, 11. After control collections, perfusion pressure to the left kidney was decreased to 75 mmHg followed by Ringer loading. Group II, delayed-clamp studies, n, 8. After control collections, Ringer solution was given for 40 min. Then the left renal perfusion pressure was reduced to 75 mmHg and the Ringer infusion was continued at the same rate. In the immediate-clamp group, there was no change in total kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (1.16 vs. 1.11 ml/min), nephron GFR (40 vs. 39 nl/min), tubular fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio (2.40 vs. 2.28), or filtrate delivery out of the proximal tubule (18 vs. 18 ndium excretion were not significantly altered. In the delayed-clamp studies, there was also no change in total or nephron GFR, but the tubular fluid-to-plasma inulin ratio fell from 2.52 to 1.65 (P less than .001) and distal delivery rose 9 nl/min after expansion (P less than .001). Sodium excretion increased 3.83 mueq/min and fractional sodium excretion rose 2.28%, both values being markedly greater than in the immediate-clamp studies (P less than .005 for both). These results demonstrate that immediate clamping obviates the fall in proximal reabsorption and the natriuretic response to Ringer loading and suggests that intrarenal adjustments are a major determinant of the magnitude of the natriuretic response to expansion of the extracellular volume

Comparison between three protocols of corneal collagen crosslinking in adults with progressive keratoconus: Standard versus accelerated CXL for keratoconus

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097263
Author(s):  
Boris Beloshevski ◽  
Sagi Shashar ◽  
Michael Mimouni ◽  
Victor Novack ◽  
Boris E Malyugin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Corneal Collagen Crosslinking ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Corneal Collagen ◽  
Anterior Corneal Astigmatism

Objective: The study aimed to compare eye outcomes between the standard and accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) protocols over a 1-year follow-up, and assess whether the accelerated protocols are non-inferior to the standard. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including patients older than 18 years diagnosed with progressive keratoconus who underwent a CXL procedure. The primary outcome was defined as an increase of more than 1.5 diopter (D) in Kmax. The analysis included intra- and inter-group comparisons assessing differences in eye characteristics before and 12 months after the procedure. Furthermore, we assessed whether the accelerated procedures were non-inferior to the standard regarding Kmax change after 12 months. Results: Eighty-four patients included in the study of which 23, 37 and 23 underwent the standard CXL (group I), 10-min. (group II) and the 3-min. (group III) accelerated procedures, respectively. Intra-group comparison before and after 12 months of mean Ksteep and anterior corneal astigmatism showed significant improvement only for group I (–0.3D decrease for both). Inter-group comparison showed better results after 12 months for group I (–0.9 ± 1.2) compared to group III (0.1 ± 0.8) in Ksteep, Kmean (–0.5+1. vs 0.1+0.7, respectively) and anterior astigmatism (–0.5 + 0.9 vs 0.3+1.1, respectively). We could not declare that the accelerated CXLs are non-inferior to the standard ( p-value = 0.11 and 0.15). Conclusion: The standard CXL showed better results for keratometry and astigmatism in comparison with the accelerated. Therefore, the wide use of the accelerated CXL should be considered and reviewed for longer follow-up time and larger sample size in focus on the visual acuity parameters.

Role Of The Fibrinolytic System In Renal Transplantation

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Glas-Greenwalt ◽  
M H Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After

To determine the importance of the fibrinolytic system in renal transplantation on the one hand, and to establish a correlation between possible endothelial damage due to treatment of the renal graft and fibrinolytic parameters on the other, dogs were divided in six groups. Group I dogs were subjected to anesthesia only. Group II was sham operated. In group III, kidneys were perfused with the supernatant of either autologous or homologous cryo-precipitated plasma, and in group IV with albumin. In group V kidneys were cold stored. This was followed by autotransplantation. In group VI kidneys were perfused with albumin and allografted. Before and after transplantation, total plasma plasminogen (pro) activator activities in systemic and renal circulations were measured on fibrin plates after the addition of dextran sulfate and flufenamate to euglobulin fractions. Vascular activator (VA) was measured by adding Cl-inactivator. There was no marked difference between groups III, IV and VI. In comparing, however, group V with any of the perfused groups, an overall higher fibrinolytic activity was recorded both for intrinsic activators (p<.001) and VA (p<.001). in group I a significant drop in both activities (p<.01 -<.02) could be directly related to the duration of anesthesia with recovery within 24 hours. This pattern, though highly accentuated, revealed itself in all the other groups studied, with VA temporarily reaching zero-levels in the renal circulation in group VI. This data indicates the participation of the fibrinolytic system, in particular of the VA, in determining the fate of renal grafts.

scholarly journals Different Bleeding Patterns with the Use of Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System: Are They Associated with Changes in Uterine Artery Blood Flow?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Bastianelli ◽  
Manuela Farris ◽  
Stefania Rapiti ◽  
Roberta Bruno Vecchio ◽  
Giuseppe Benagiano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. Evaluate if different bleeding patterns associated with the use of the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) are associated with different uterine and endometrial vascularization patterns, as evidenced by ultrasound power Doppler analysis.Methodology. A longitudinal study, with each subject acting as its own control was conducted between January 2010 and December 2012. Healthy volunteers with a history of heavy but cyclic and regular menstrual cycles were enrolled in the study. Ultrasonographic examination was performed before and after six months of LNG-IUS placement: uterine volume, endometrial thickness, and subendometrial and myometrial Doppler blood flow patterns have been evaluated.Results. A total of 32 women were enrolled out of 186 initially screened. At six months of follow-up, all subjects showed a reduction in menstrual blood loss; for analysis, they were retrospectively divided into 3 groups: normal cycling women (Group I), amenorrheic women (Group II), and women with prolonged bleedings (Group III). Intergroup analysis documented a statistically significant difference in endometrial thickness among the three groups; in addition, mean pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) in the spiral arteries were significantly lower in Group I and Group III compared to Group II. This difference persisted also when comparing—within subjects of Group III—mean PI and RI mean values before and after insertion.Conclusions. The LNG-IUS not only altered endometrial thickness, but—in women with prolonged bleedings—also significantly changed uterine artery blood flow. Further studies are needed to confirm these results and enable gynecologists to properly counsel women, improving initial continuation rates.

scholarly journals Protective and curative effects of Beta vulgaris on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate-exposed albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Eucharia O. Nwaichi ◽  
Eka B. Essien ◽  
Uzoamaka Chinonso Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: This study evaluated the effect of Beta vulgaris (beetroot) smoothie on some biochemical parameters on dimethyl 2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP, known as dichlorvos)-exposed albino Wistar rats. Methods: A total of 30 rats of both sexes were grouped into five groups of six animals each. Group I served as the negative control and were not exposed to dichlorvos. Group II served as the positive control and were exposed to dichlorvos but received no smoothie. Group III received 500 mg/kg body weight beetroot smoothie and was not exposed to dichlorvos. Groups IV and V were exposed to dichlorvos but received beetroot before and after exposure, respectively. At the end of the 6-week experiment, the animals were euthanized, the blood samples collected for some biochemical assays while the organs (kidney and liver) were harvested and subjected to histopathological examination. Results: From the biochemical assay, it was observed that the beetroot smoothies regulated and significantly reduced the elevated levels of AST, ALT, urea and creatinine observed in the animals that were exposed to dichlorvos. Additionally, the beetroot was able to regenerate the liver and kidney organs that were damaged on exposure to dichlorvos. Conclusion: This study concluded that beetroot smoothie possesses hepato-protective, hepato-curative as well as nephro-curative properties.

scholarly journals Study of effect of various treatments in clinically diagnosed patients of Carpal tunnel syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3105-3113
Author(s):  
Sahoo J.K. ◽  
Joshi A.G
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the compression neuropathy in upper extremity. Several researches have been done to see the effect of various treatments separately. But very little research work is available for comparison of treatments. So the study was aimed to study the clinical and electrophysiological findings and their Comparision before and after various treatments. NCS was carried out in 200 CTS patients before and after 6weeks of treatment. Patients were divided into 4 groups. Group I- operative, Group II-medicinal treatment, Group III-exercise, Group IV-medicine+exercise. Clinical and electrophysiological parameters all groups were compared before and after treatment. Group (I), showed significant changes in all parameters except SNAP in operated Rt. Hand as compared to Lt. Hand. Group-II showed significant changes in DML,DML(diff.),DSL,DSL(Diff.)except CMAP,SNAP,&SCV in Rt. Hand but in Lt. hand DML,DML(diff.)DSL showed significant changes where as DSL(Diff.) CMAP,SNAP,&SCV were non-significant. Group-III showed significant changes in DML, DML(diff.),DSL,DSL(Diff.) but SCV,SNAP and CMAP were non-significant in Rt. hand but in Lt. hand only DML(diff.) was significant . Group-IV showed significant changes in all parameters except SCV in Rt. hand but in Lt. hand DML, DML (diff.),DSL, DSL(Diff.) were significant , where as SNAP, CMAP, and SCV were non-significant. It was concluded that maximum improvement was observed in clinical and electrophysiological parameters in operative group, then Medicine + exercise Group, then exercise Group and minimum in Medicinal treatment Group. So operative method is the method of choice for CTS; however the duration of treatment should be more so that further improvements can be seen in all parameters.

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