Acute regulation of the predominant organic solutes of the rabbit renal inner medulla

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. F676-F681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wolff ◽  
T. S. Stanton ◽  
S. L. James ◽  
R. S. Balaban
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Organic Solute ◽  
Renal Inner Medulla ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Functioning Kidney

High concentrations of organic solutes are present in the medulla of the antidiuretic kidney. However, their role in and response to acute changes in the diuretic state are unknown. In this study the organic solute content of the renal medulla was determined from extracts with the use of high-performance liquid chromatography following the acute dilution of the medullary interstitium during various forms of diuresis. After acute infusion of saline and furosemide, inner medullary urea, sodium, inositol, sorbitol, and betaine decrease significantly with no change in glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) content. After diuresis, inner medullary urea and sodium contents eventually returned to control levels, although inositol, sorbitol, and betaine contents still remained low. Addition of antidiuretic hormone to the saline/furosemide infusion gave similar results. In contrast, induction of diuresis from mannitol infusion caused an acute decrease in all 4 organic solutes, whereas glucose infusion caused an acute decrease in all organic solutes except sorbitol. These data demonstrate that a decrease in all four organic solutes can accompany medullary dilution. However, GPC and sorbitol do not decrease when diuresis is induced by furosemide or glucose, respectively. In addition, the recovery of these compounds in a normally functioning kidney after diuresis is much slower than the regeneration of the sodium chloride and urea gradients.

A simple HPLC method for quantitating major organic solutes of renal medulla

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (5) ◽  
pp. F954-F956 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Wolff ◽  
P. H. Yancey ◽  
T. S. Stanton ◽  
R. S. Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

A simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of separating and quantitating the predominant organic solutes of the renal medulla is described. These organic solutes include myo-inositol, glycerophosphorylcholine, sorbitol, betaine, and urea. Other physiologically significant solutes, including glucose and mannitol, can be separated and quantitated concurrently with this method. With the use of this technique, the organic solutes of the rabbit kidney were determined. No new organic compounds were detected by HPLC that could significantly contribute to intracellular osmolality of the medulla. The values for the organic solutes already described were similar to those obtained by more complicated and limited approaches such as classical enzymatic techniques, ion electrodes, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy.

scholarly journals DETERMINAÇÃO DE GLIFOSATO E ÁCIDO AMINOMETILFOSFÔNICO EM ÁGUAS SUPERFICIAIS DO ARROIO PASSO DO PILÃO

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCELO DUTRA DA SILVA ◽  
MARIA DO CARMO RUARO PERALBA ◽  
MARIA LAURA TURINO MATTOS
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
High Concentrations

Para investigar a presença do herbicida Glifosato na microbacia hidrográfica arroio Passo do Pilão foram coletadas amostras de água em 15 distintos pontos no arroio Passo do Pilão, nos períodos de 30 e 60 dias após a aplicação do herbicida (DAAH), as quais foram analisadas por cromatografia a líquido de alta eficiência (CLAE). As análises revelaram a presença do herbicida nas águas superficiais dessa microbacia, tanto nas amostras após 30 dias de aplicação do Glifosato como nas de 60 DAAH. Concentrações elevadas (acima de 100 ppb) foram detectadas, principalmente em pontos próximos às áreas de intenso cultivo. As concentrações detectadas foram menores que 500 e 700 ppb, limites de concentrações máximas permitidas para o Glifosato pela legislação brasileira e pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos, respectivamente. DETERMINATION OF GLYPHOSATE AND AMINOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACID IN SUPERFICIAL WATERS OF ARROIO PASSO DO PILÃO Abstract To investigation the presence of Glyphosate herbicide in Arroio Passo do Pilão watershed, samples of water were collected in 15 distinct points in Arroio Passo do Pilão, in period of 30 and 60 days after herbicide application (DAHA), which were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis revealed the presence of the herbicide in superficial areas of this watershed, even in the samples after 30 days of Glyphosate applicatication as in 60 DAHA. High concentrations (above 100 ppb) were detected, mainly in points near to intense cultivation areas. The concentrations detected were smaller than 500 and 700 ppb, limits of the maximum concentrations allowed for Glyphosate by the brazilian legislation and by the Environmental Protection Agency of United States, respectivelly.

Osmotic adaptation of renal medullary cells during transition from chronic diuresis to antidiuresis

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. F722-F729 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sone ◽  
G. J. Albrecht ◽  
A. Dorge ◽  
K. Thurau ◽  
F. X. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Osmotic Adaptation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Tissue Contents ◽  
Abrupt Rise

The cells of the renal medulla adapt osmotically to high extracellular tonicities by high concentrations of organic osmolytes. Intracellular accumulation of these substances is, however, relatively slow. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of an abrupt rise in extracellular tonicity on intracellular osmotically active substances after prior reduction of medullary contents of organic osmolytes by chronic diuresis. Intra- and extracellular electrolyte concentrations at the papillary tip and the tissue contents of methylamines (glycerophosphorylcholine, betaine), polyols (myo-inositol, sorbitol), and several amino acids were determined in the different kidney zones by electron microprobe analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography in control animals, in rats infused for 6 days with furosemide via osmotic minipumps, and in rats given the vasopressin analogue [deamino-Cys1,D-Arg8]vasopressin (DDAVP) after the chronic furosemide treatment. Chronic diuresis greatly reduced interstitial tonicity and inner medullary contents of methylamines and polyols and moderately reduced inner medullary amino acid contents but did not significantly affect intracellular electrolyte concentrations. When the diuretic rats were infused with DDAVP for 2 h, interstitial tonicity more than doubled and intracellular K and Cl concentrations rose by approximately 60 and 160%, while inner medullary contents of methylamines, polyols, and amino acids were not changed significantly. These data demonstrate that after effective depletion of medullary organic osmolytes by long-term diuresis, the cells of the renal papilla adapt osmotically to an abrupt increase in extracellular tonicities by elevated cell electrolyte concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Rifampicin and isoniazid plasma concentrations in relation to adverse reactions in tuberculosis patients: a retrospective analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Aït Moussa ◽  
O. El Bouazzi ◽  
S. Serragui ◽  
D. Soussi Tanani ◽  
A. Soulaymani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
High Concentrations

Objective: High concentrations of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs can be associated with many adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The objective of this study was to examine the plasma concentrations of rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) in patients with and without ADRs. Methods: Concentration monitoring data of patients treated with anti-TB drugs were retrospectively analyzed from 2009 to 2011. RMP and INH plasma concentrations were measured 2 and 3 h after drug administration respectively using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: A total of 54 out of 120 patients have experienced ADRs to anti-TB drugs. The median concentrations [interquartile range (IQR)] obtained in patients with and without ADRs were 6.7 mg/l (3.7–9.9) and 5.6 mg/l (2.9–8.6) ( p = 0.56) for RMP and 4.3 mg/l (2.3–5.3) and 3.1 mg/l (1.7–4.8) ( p = 0.04) for INH, respectively. Related median doses (IQR) were 8.7 mg/kg (8.0–10.0) and 8.6 mg/kg (6.5–9.9) ( p = 0.42) for RMP and 4.8 mg/kg (4.3–5.0) and 4.0 mg/kg (2.8–5) ( p < 0.01) for INH, respectively. Concentrations above the expected range in patients with and without ADRs were not reached for RMP, but were 76% and 65% for INH, respectively. Correlation between concentrations and doses has not been established for RMP or INH. In addition, high INH concentrations showed no association with sex, age, liver injury or renal or diabetes. Conclusions: High INH concentrations were common in patients with and without ADRs whereas RMP concentrations were low or within the normal range in most patients. Further studies are required to assess the association between high INH concentrations and the occurrence of ADRs.

Regional differences in catecholamine concentrations in bovine ovaries analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Denning-Kendall ◽  
M. L. Wild ◽  
Wathes D. C.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Bovine corpora lutea and ovarian stroma were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for catecholamine content. High concentrations (up to 102 nmol/g wet weight) were found in both 'central' stroma, containing many blood vessels, and 'peripheral' stroma. Central stroma contained noradrenaline and some dopamine, whereas peripheral stroma contained a higher proportion of dopamine and also significant amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Occasional samples of stroma had very high amounts of dopamine, suggesting that it is stored in specific regions. Corpora lutea, although devoid of direct innervation, contained dopamine (up to 5·3 nmol/g) and noradrenaline (up to 1·2 nmol/g). The average dopamine: noradrenaline molar ratio was 1·19 : 1 and the concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline were highly correlated (P < 0·002). The concentration of dopamine was significantly higher in the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle than during the rest of the cycle or in pregnancy. The levels of noradrenaline and dopamine present in corpora lutea are sufficient to modulate the production of both oxytocin and progesterone by luteal cells in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 221–226

Year-round presence of high levels of plasma antifreeze peptides in a temperate fish, ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garth L. Fletcher ◽  
Choy L. Hew ◽  
Xiaomao Li ◽  
Katsuji Haya ◽  
Ming H. Kao
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Temperate Fish ◽  
Antifreeze Peptides ◽  
Antifreeze Activity

The annual cycle of plasma antifreeze activity and Na+ and Cl− concentrations were measured in Newfoundland and New Brunswick ocean pout (Macrozoarces americanus) maintained in the laboratory under Newfoundland conditions of water temperature and photoperiod. The Na+ and Cl− concentrations and antifreeze activity showed distinct seasonal cycles in both groups of fish, with the highest values occurring during the winter. Relatively high concentrations of antifreeze peptides were present in the Newfoundland ocean pout at all times of the year. Antifreeze peptides were also present in the New Brunswick fish throughout the year; however, the concentrations found were approximately one-tenth of those observed in Newfoundland fish. A comparison of the antifreeze peptides from summer and winter samples from Newfoundland ocean pout and winter samples from New Brunswick ocean pout using high performance liquid chromatography revealed essentially identical elution profiles.

A novel pituitary protein (7B2)-like immunoreactivity is secreted by a rat phaeochromocytoma cell line (PC12)

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suzuki ◽  
A. S. Tischler ◽  
N. D. Christofides ◽  
M. Chretien ◽  
N. G. Seidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Pc12 Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Reverse Phase Hplc ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT High concentrations of a novel pituitary protein (7B2) have been shown to be present in the PC12 rat phaeochromocytoma cell line by radioimmunoassay. 7B2-like immunoreactivity (IR-7B2) was released from PC12 cells into the incubation medium in response to stimulation by a depolarizing concentration of K+, and this K+-evoked release was inhibited by Co2+, The major IR-7B2 in PC12 cell and medium appeared to be identical to that in porcine pituitary gland as judged by both gel permeation chromatography and by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gel permeation chromatography of extracts of cell and medium revealed two IR-7B2 peaks, the earlier eluting at a elution coefficient (Kav) of 0·30 and the later at a Kav of 0·54. In medium, over 90% of the IR-7B2 eluted as the earlier peak. Fractionation of extracts of cell and medium on reverse-phase HPLC showed three main IR-7B2 peaks eluting at 43, 44·5 and 46% acetonitrile/water with 0·1% trifluoroacetic acid. The findings suggest that IR-7B2 might be released by calcium-mediated exocytosis. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 151–155

scholarly journals First Detection of Tetrodotoxins in the Cotylean Flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Rei Suo ◽  
Maho Kashitani ◽  
Hikaru Oyama ◽  
Masaatsu Adachi ◽  
Ryota Nakahigashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

Several polyclad flatworm species are known to contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but currently TTX-bearing flatworms seem to be restricted to specific Planocera lineages belonging to the suborder Acotylea. During our ongoing study of flatworm toxins, high concentrations of TTXs were detected for the first time in the flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum, suborder Cotylea, from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Toxin levels were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), revealing that this species contains comparable concentrations of toxins as seen in planocerid flatworms such as Planocera multitentaculata. This finding indicated that there may be other species with significant levels of TTXs. The distribution of TTXs among other flatworm species is thus of great interest.

Measurement of Procainamide and N-Acetylprocainamide in Serum by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian R Shukur ◽  
James L Powers ◽  
Roberto A Marques ◽  
Michael E Winter ◽  
W Sadèe
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Parent Drug ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract We measured procainamide (I) and its metabolite, N¬acetylprocainamide (II), in human serum samples by sol¬vent extraction, high-performance liquid chromatography on a reverse phase column, and detection at 280 nm, with use of external standards. The method requires 0.2 ml of serum and is sensitive to 0.3 mg of I and 0.6 mg of II per liter of serum, with intra-assay standard deviations of 0.22 and 0.24 mg/liter, respectively, at 5 mg/liter (n = 10) and inter-assay standard deviations of 0.63 and 0.81 mg/liter, respectively, at 7.5 mg/liter (CV 8.4 and 10.5 % , respec¬tively, n = 20). Concentrations measured by high-perfor¬mance liquid chromatography and by an established flu¬orescence technique correlated well (r = 0.98 for I and 0.97 for II). No interfering substances were found in 20 randomly selected sera from patients receiving a large number of other drugs. Of the pure drug substances tested, only sulfathiazole interfered with the assay of II. The method is therefore suitable for routinely monitoring these compounds in serum in a clinical laboratory. The high concentrations of the metabolite in a significant number of patients demonstrate the need to consider it as well as the parent drug as guides in optimizing dosage regiments for I.

Osmolytes in renal medulla during rapid changes in papillary tonicity

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (5) ◽  
pp. F849-F856 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. X. Beck ◽  
M. Schmolke ◽  
W. G. Guder ◽  
A. Dorge ◽  
K. Thurau
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Renal Medulla ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Water Diuresis ◽  
Hypertonic Stress ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Acute Changes

The effect of acute changes in extracellular tonicity on cell electrolyte concentrations at the renal papillary tip and on organic osmolytes in different kidney zones was studied using electron microprobe analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography in four groups of rats: controls, 1- or 4-h water diuresis, and 4-h water diuresis followed by 30-min deamino-[Cys1,D-Arg8]vasopressin (ddAVP). The sum of the papillary interstitial concentrations of Na, K, and Cl was reduced from 981 mmol/kg wet wt in controls to 318 mmol/kg wet wt after 4-h diuresis and increased after ddAVP to 840 mmol/kg wet wt. In papillary collecting ducts intracellular electrolytes fell from 225 to 156 mmol/kg wet wt after 4-h diuresis and rose to 268 mmol/kg wet wt (significantly higher than control) after ddAVP. Organic osmolytes [sum of glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), betaine, myo-inositol, and sorbitol] at the papillary tip decreased from 2,018 (control) to 1,037 mmol/kg protein after 4-h diuresis and did not increase after ddAVP. After ddAVP, cell P concentration, an index of cell GPC concentration, increased, indicating cell shrinkage. GPC concentration increased, indicating cell shrinkage. The results suggest that the concentrations of all osmoeffectors in papillary cells initially increase due to cell shrinkage in response to hypertonic stress. The higher intracellular ionic strength may be a signal for modulation of transport and metabolism of organic osmolytes.

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