Measurement of arterial blood gases at the transition from exercise to rest

1983 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1340-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Regulation Of Respiration ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Two Samples

Arterial blood gas samples obtained 5–20 s after stair-climbing exercise were compared with samples taken during the last 30 s of exercise in 137 subjects. Arterial partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2) did not change significantly, and in 110 subjects the two samples were within the analytical variation (+/- 2 Torr), supporting the cardiodynamic hypothesis of respiratory regulation. Exceptions to this response were 10 subjects who hyperventilated (PaCO2 less than 34) during exercise and 15 with severe obstruction [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) less than 70% forced vital capacity (FVC), and FVC less than 70% of predicted] in whom PaCO2 increased significantly. Overall, arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) increased an average of 3.49 Torr (P less than 0.001). In the two groups in which PaCO2 increased, postexercise PaO2 did not rise. In addition, duration of exercise affected PaO2 response. PaO2 increased significantly more after brief (less than 2 min) periods than after longer (4–6 min) exercise, and this difference increased only when subjects with normal or borderline ventilatory function were analyzed. In 13 subjects in whom a second sample was taken 30–45 s after exercise, the increase in PaO2 was progressive and again the difference between short and long exercise was evident. Regulation of respiration to maintain PaCO2 and changes in O2-CO2 kinetics, leading to an increase in the gas exchange ratio at the exercise-rest transition, are the most likely explanations of these data which establish that the usual response to stopping exercise in normal subjects and most patients is an unchanged PaCO2 and a variable increase in PaO2.

Changes in arterial blood gas tensions during unsteady-state exercise

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Young ◽  
A. J. Woolcock
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Subsequent Rise ◽  
Vertical Height

Arterial oxygen (Pao2) and carbon dioxide (Paco2) tensions and inspired minute ventilation were measured during the first 2 min of stair-climbing exercise in nine normal subjects. The subjects climbed a staircase at a rate of approximately 9 m vertical height every minute and arterial blood was drawn from an indwelling cannula at 15-s intervals. Large falls in Pao2 from a resting value of 92 +/- 2.0 (mean +/- SE) Torr to a lowest value of 65 +/- 3.4 Torr were recorded in the first 50 s of exercise while Paco2 oscillated around the resting value. Most subjects demonstrated an initial plateau of Pao2 for at least 7 s followed by a rapid fall and subsequent rise toward the resting level after 1 min. The falls in Pao2 measured were larger than those reported for laboratory exercise. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragmatic mobility and arterial blood gases in patients undergoing haemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Fatma Aboelmagd ◽  
Samah M Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood

Background/aims Impairment of respiratory muscle function is common in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis, and is manifested by decreased oxygenation and physical function. The purpose of this study was to analyse the impact of training with incentive spirometer on mobility of the diaphragm, arterial blood gases and functional capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis. Methods A pre–post research design was implemented. A total of 30 patients undergoing haemodialysis for chronic kidney disease received incentive spirometer training intradialysis three sessions a week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures were the amount of diaphragmatic mobility measured by ultrasonography, the levels of arterial partial pressure of oxygen, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation percentages and the distance walked in 6 minutes. Results Significant improvement from pre-treatment to post-treatment measurements occurred in all outcome measures, with P<0.05. Conclusions Incentive spirometer training should be recommended to be a part of daily routine of patients with chronic kidney disease who are undergoing haemodialysis to decrease respiratory and physical function impairments.

Arterial Blood Gases

2014 ◽  
pp. 410-419
Author(s):  
Jeremy B. Richards ◽  
David H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Acid Base Status

An arterial blood gas (ABG) provides clinically useful information about an individual's acid–base status, the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide, the partial pressure of arterial oxygen, and the arterial oxygen saturation. Hypoxia, dyspnea, or suspected acid–base disturbance are clear indications to check an ABG. Altered mental status, critical illness, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are specific clinical syndromes or presentations that warrant checking an ABG. An ABG is helpful in evaluating pulmonary pathophysiology as the presence and severity of hypoxia and/or hypercapnia can be quantified. Because an ABG can rapidly provide information about oxygenation, ventilation, and acid–base status, ABGs are particularly useful and common in the critical care setting.

scholarly journals Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Ketamine, Medetomidine and Midazolam as Part of a Balanced Anaesthesia Technique in Horses Undergoing Castration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cunneen ◽  
Shaun Pratt ◽  
Nigel Perkins ◽  
Margaret McEwen ◽  
Geoffrey Truchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Anaesthetic Technique ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Arterial Partial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Anaesthetic Depth

To evaluate the use of ketamine-medetomidine-midazolam total intravenous infusion as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique for surgical castration in horses. Five healthy Standardbred cross colts were premedicated with IV acepromazine (0.01–0.02 mg/kg), medetomidine (7 µg/kg) and methadone (0.1 mg/kg) and anaesthesia induced with IV ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.06 mg/kg). Horses were anaesthetised for 40 min with an IV infusion of ketamine (3 mg/kg/h), medetomidine (5 µg/kg/h) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg/h) while routine surgical castration was performed. Cardiorespiratory variables, arterial blood gases, and anaesthetic depth were assessed at 5 to 10 min intervals. Post-anaesthesia recovery times were recorded, and the quality of the recovery period was assessed. The anaesthetic period and surgical conditions were acceptable with good muscle relaxation and no additional anaesthetic required. The median (range) time from cessation of the infusion to endotracheal tube extubation, head lift and sternal recumbency were 17.2 (7–35) min, 25 (18.9–53) min and 28.1 (23–54) min, respectively. The quality of anaesthetic recovery was good, with horses standing 31.9 (28–61) min after the infusion was ceased. During anaesthesia, physiological variables, presented as a range of median values for each time point were: heart rate 37–44 beats/min, mean arterial pressure 107–119 mmHg, respiratory rate 6–13 breaths/min, arterial partial pressure of oxygen 88–126 mmHg, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide 52–57 mmHg and pH 7.36–7.39. In conclusion, the co-administration of midazolam, ketamine and medetomidine as in IV infusion, when used as part of a balanced anaesthetic technique, was suitable for short term anaesthesia in horses undergoing castration.

Blood gas changes during and after nonspecific airway challenge in asthmatic and normal subjects

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 2627-2630 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dal Negro ◽  
L. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Gas Measurements

Twenty-eight asymptomatic asthmatics and 28 healthy volunteers were challenged with ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW). Blood gas composition was monitored transcutaneously (PtCO2 and PtcCO2) over 42 min (20 min for electrode stability, 3 min base line, 5 min during UNDW, and 14 min after UNDW). Flow-volume curves were recorded before and 15 min after UNDW. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s and expiratory flows decreased in asthmatics but not in normal subjects after UNDW. Mean base-line PtCO2 and PtcCO2 were comparable in the two groups. UNDW in normal subjects produced no significant changes in mean PtcCO2 and PtCO2. In asthmatics, the UNDW-induced decrease in mean PtcCO2 was greater and longer lasting, accompanied by a prolonged decrease in mean PtCO2. PtcCO2 and PtCO2 trends showed highly significant differences compared with healthy volunteers (P less than 0.001). Arterial blood gas measurements validated these changes. UNDW in asymptomatic asthmatics gives rise to a greater and more prolonged hyperventilation than in normal subjects and to gas-exchange abnormalities presumably reflecting a ventilation-perfusion mismatching.

scholarly journals DERANGEMENTS OF PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS;

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
QAMAR MEHBOOB ◽  
MUHAMMAD ARIF
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Male Subjects

Introduction: Asthma is one of the commonest diseases not only in Pakistan but also worldwide. Study Design: This iscross-sectional analytical study. Settings: The study was carried out at Chest Department Civil Hospital Faisalabad. Duration: (Sixmonths) Sep 2011 to Feb 2012. Material and methods: The effects of exercise in asthmatic patients as revealed by their pulmonaryfunction tests(PFT’s) and arterial blood gas(ABG) analysis.: Total sixty male subjects having age from thirty to forty years were included.They were divided into experimental and control groups, each consisting of thirty cases. In experimental group all asthmatic patients wereincluded who have been diagnosed six months earlier. Results: The results of PFT’s and ABG were recorded and compared, during preand post exercise periods. At rest there was non-significant difference of PFT’s and ABG in two groups. After six minutes exercise onbicycle-ergometer ,there was a significant decrease in Forced Expiratory Volume during first second (FEV , P=0.026), Forced vital 1capacity( FVC, P=0.036) , Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO ,P=0.036) and Partial Pressure of Carbondiaoxide (PaCO ,P=0.020) in 2 2asthmatics. Conclusions: We concluded that in response to exercise challenge in asthmatics, PFT’s have more precision for assessmentthan ABG.

scholarly journals Passive body movement and gas exchange in the frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii) and goanna (Varanus gouldii).

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (15) ◽  
pp. 2307-2311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P B Frappell ◽  
J P Mortola
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Pulmonary Gas Exchange ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

The saccular lung in lizards is large and highly compliant compared with mammalian lungs, and these properties led us to question to what extent body movements could affect pulmonary gas exchange and the partial pressure of arterial blood gases. Specimens of two species of lizards, the frilled lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii, approximately 600 g body mass) and the goanna (Varanus gouldii, approximately 1400 mass), were anaesthetised, maintained at approximately 36 degreesC and mechanically hyperventilated to lower the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) to below apnoeic threshold. Respiratory system compliance (Crs) averaged 0. 112 ml kg-1 Pa-1 (goanna) and 0.173 ml kg-1 Pa-1 (frilled lizard), which is approximately 7-11 times the predicted value for a mammal of similar body mass. Mechanical ventilation was interrupted, and the changes in PaCO2 and PaO2 were monitored over the following 10 min as the animal was either left immobile or subjected to imposed lateral body movements. During the post-hyperventilation apnoea, PaCO2 increased whereas PaO2 did not always fall, sometimes even increasing, suggesting a reduction in the importance of pulmonary shunts. No significant differences were detected in the time course of changes in arterial blood gas levels or heart rate between runs with or without body movement. We conclude that in these species of lizards, despite the high Crs, lateral chest wall movements neither hinder nor favour pulmonary gas exchange.

Atrial fibrillation associated with carbon monoxide poisoning

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-206
Author(s):  
Mevlut Demir ◽  
◽  
Muslum Sahin ◽  
Ahmet Korkmaz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood

Carbon monoxide intoxication occurs usually via inhalation of carbon monoxide that is emitted as a result of a fire, furnace, space heater, generator, motor vehicle. A 37-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department at about 5:00 a.m., with complaints of nausea, vomiting and headache. He was accompanied by his wife and children. His venous blood gas measures were: pH was 7.29, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) was 42 mmHg, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) was 28 mmHg, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) was 12.7% (reference interval: 0.5%-2.5%) and oxygen saturation was 52.4%. Electrocardiogram (ECG) examination showed that the patient was not in sinus rhythm but had atrial fibrillation. After three hours the laboratory examination was repeated: Troponin was 1.2 pg/ml and in the arterial blood gas COHb was 3%. The examination of the findings on the monitor showed that the sinus rhythm was re-established. The repeated ECG examination confirmed the conversion to the sinus rhythm. He was monitored with the normobaric oxygen administration.

scholarly journals Elimination of nasal obstruction improves pulmonary functions and oxygenation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Sobh ◽  
Fatma Elhussieny ◽  
Taghreed Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Medical Problem ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Nasal Packing ◽  
Nasal Pack ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Nasal obstruction is a significant medical problem. This study aimed to examine the effect of nasal obstruction and nasal packing on arterial blood gases and pulmonary function indices, and the impact of the elimination of nasal obstruction on preoperative values. Results The mean age of the study population was 26.6 ± 10.1 years, males represented 50.8%. Spirometric indices showed statistically significant improvement (preoperative forced expiratory volume in 1st second 66.9 ± 13.9 vs 79.6 ± 14.9 postoperative and preoperative forced vital capacity 65.5 ± 12.7 vs 80.4 ± 13.8 postoperative). Oxygen saturation was significantly lower during nasal packing (95.6 ± 1.6 preoperative vs 94.7 ± 2.8 with nasal pack), and significant improvement (97.2 ± 1.4) was observed after removal of the nasal pack. Nasal obstruction scores significantly improved. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that either simple nasal obstruction or nasal packing may cause hypoxemia and abnormalities in lung function tests. Hypoxemia was more evident with nasal packing.

scholarly journals Prehospital Diagnosis of Shortness of Breath Caused by Profound Metformin-Associated Metabolic Acidosis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Pietro Elias Fubini ◽  
Laurent Suppan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prehospital Diagnosis ◽  
Gas Measurement

Shortness of breath is a common complaint among patients in emergency medicine. While most common causes are usually promptly identified, less frequent aetiologies might be challenging to diagnose, especially in the pre-hospital setting. We report a case of prehospital dyspnoea initially ascribed to pulmonary oedema which turned out to be the result of profound metformin-associated metabolic acidosis. This diagnosis was already made during the prehospital phase by virtue of arterial blood gas measurement. Pre-hospital measurement of arterial blood gases is therefore feasible and can improve diagnostic accuracy in the field, thus avoiding unnecessary delay and potential harm to the patient before initiating the appropriate therapeutic actions.

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