Arterial elasticity and physical working capacity in young men

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1720-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eugene ◽  
H. Vandewalle ◽  
J. F. Bertholon ◽  
A. Teillac
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
The Relationship

We have tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relation between arterial elasticity and physical working capacity (PWC) at a given age. The subjects were 28 young men, 16–18 yr old. Arterial elasticity was evaluated by measuring the carotid to femoral pulse-wave velocity (c) at rest. The slope, S(c) of the relation between c and the diastolic blood pressure was studied during a cold pressor test to test vascular reactivity. The relationship between heart rate (HR) and work load was determined using a cycle ergometer; the variables measured were the slope of this relation S(PWC) and the power output at a HR of 170 min-1 (PWC170). The PWC170 ranged from 1.8 to 4.6 W/kg, and values of c ranged from 3.9 to 6.8 m/s. A strong inverse linear relation was found between c and PWC170 (r = -0.76), whereas the HR at rest was positively related to both c (r = 0.68) and PWC170 (r = 0.74). There was no relationship between HR at rest and the slopes S(c) and S(PWC); the latter two variables depend mainly on the sympathetic response. These results show the importance of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system, particularly arterial elasticity, in human adaptations to muscular exercise.

Blood Pressure and Vascular Reactivity to the Cold Pressor Test

JAMA ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 183 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Barnett ◽  
Edgar A. Hines ◽  
Alexander Schirger ◽  
Robert P. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressor Test

THE RELATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR TESTS TO MEASUREMENTS OF MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND SKILLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-789
Author(s):  
William M. Fowler ◽  
Gerald W. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Cardiovascular Tests ◽  
American Children ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Minor

Children with congenital heart disease or asthma had marked decreases in physical working capacity but only slight changes from their predicted scores in most motor performance tests. Children with early muscular dystrophy had marked decreases from expected values in both physical working capacity and motor performance tests. Fitness apparently depends on the character of the test, and a patient must be severely and acutely ill or have a neuromuscular disease before significant changes occur in motor performance tests. Submaximal work load cardiovascular tests had a low or insignificant relationship to most tests of motor skills and performance, unless extremes of body build were eliminated or in trained subjects. Most motor performance and cardiovascular tests were highly specific with little correlation to each other, and varied in their relationship to height, weight, and physique. These variables played a minor role in motor performance tests with the possible exception of endurance events. Physical working capacity, however, correlated highly with many of these factors. Cardiovascular and motor performance tests had a similar relationship to age and sex. Both showed increases with age and a superiority of boys over girls. Physical working capacity values had less overlap at the earlier ages and less of the fluctuation or decreases in performance characterized by girls in the motor performance tests. Reports that American children were less fit than children from other countries are contradictory and open to criticism. The results depend on the type of tests, and differences between various geographical areas in this country were often as great as the differences between European and American children, even when similar tests were used. This suggests the need to exercise caution when comparing physical fitness tests and casts doubt on the use of such data as evidence that American children are physically unfit.

Effect of an anabolic steroid on physical performance of young men

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Fowler ◽  
Gerald W. Gardner ◽  
Glen H. Egstrom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Increased Strength

The performance of 47 men was measured during a 16-week study. Eight of the men received placebos; nine received 1-methyl-Delta1-androstenolone acetate, an anabolic steroid; 15 received placebos and exercise; and 15 received the drug and exercise. There were no significant differences in strength, motor performance, or physical working capacity between the control and the androstenolone-supplemented groups. Differences in other factors such as vital capacity, limb circumference, and skin-fold thickness were also nonsignificant. Under the conditions imposed in this study there was no evidence that the anabolic steroid increased strength in young men. ergogenic drugs; strength measurements and physical working capacity under anabolic steroid therapy Submitted on December 14, 1964

scholarly journals The Relationship between Personality Characteristics and Acute Pain Response in Postadolescent Males

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barton P. Buxton ◽  
David H. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Personality Characteristic ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Myers Briggs Type Indicator ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between personality characteristics, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (form G), and an acute pain response in 107 postadolescent men. Subjects included 107 military school cadets. Each subject performed a cold pressor test (CPT) and was evaluated for pain threshold and pain tolerance times. Each was then evaluated for preference on eight personality characteristics: extraversion, introversion, sensing, intuition, thinking, feeling, judging, and perception. The personality characteristics were measured by the MBT1 (form G). Pearson product-moment correlations between the pain threshold and tolerance times and the eight personality characteristic scores were nonsignificant. The results indicated there was no relationship between the eight personality characteristics, as measured by the MBTI (form G), and pain threshold or pain tolerance, as measured by the CPT, The findings also indicated a low correlation between pain threshold and pain tolerance (r=.25).

scholarly journals The Assessment of Autonomic Nervous System Activity Based on Photoplethysmography in Healthy Young Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Liu ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Di ◽  
Xiaoni Wang ◽  
Lin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Noninvasive assessment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is of great importance, but the accuracy of the method used, which is primarily based on electrocardiogram-derived heart rate variability (HRV), has long been suspected. We investigated the feasibility of photoplethysmography (PPG) in ANS evaluation. Data of 32 healthy young men under four different ANS activation patterns were recorded: baseline, slow deep breathing (parasympathetic activation), cold pressor test (peripheral sympathetic activation), and mental arithmetic test (cardiac sympathetic activation). We extracted 110 PPG-based features to construct classification models for the four ANS activation patterns. Using interpretable models based on random forest, the main PPG features related to ANS activation were obtained. Results showed that pulse rate variability (PRV) exhibited similar changes to HRV across the different experiments. The four ANS patterns could be better classified using more PPG-based features compared with using HRV or PRV features, for which the classification accuracies were 0.80, 0.56, and 0.57, respectively. Sensitive features of parasympathetic activation included features of nonlinear (sample entropy), frequency, and time domains of PRV. Sensitive features of sympathetic activation were features of the amplitude and frequency domain of PRV of the PPG derivatives. Subsequently, these sensitive PPG-based features were used to fit the improved HRV parameters. The fitting results were acceptable (p < 0.01), which might provide a better method of evaluating ANS activity using PPG.

scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL SCREENING OF 17-19 YEARS OLD YOUNG MEN IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Petrachkov ◽  
◽  
Olena Yarmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The scientific work presents a detailed analysis of the 17-19 years young men morphofunctional status screening studies. The young men who took part in the research did not have any pathologies in their health and belonged to the main medical group. To effectively address the goal of the study, a wide range of methods typical of researches in the field of physical culture and sports was used. A total of 34 indicators were studied, including 23 direct measurements. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by adequate theoretical substantiation of scientific positions and research apparatus, highly informative and reliable research methods, optimal duration, correctness of processing, analysis and interpretation of the obtained data. The relevance of the chosen topic is confirmed by the results of the study, which were based on knowledge of age anatomy, age physiology, hygiene of physical culture and sports. Analysis of the young men morphological condition individual results in pre-conscription age indicates incomplete formation of the musculoskeletal system, and the circumferential size of the waist and hips, which exceeded physiological norms indicate the presence of excess body weight. There is a significant asymmetry between the results of wrist dynamometry, the difference between the strength of the right hand and the left hand is 6.2 kg. Studies of the body composition revealed that the average group performance of muscle and bone components of the young men aged 17-19 years is below the physiological norm. The range of muscle component values ranges from a minimum of 36.2% to a maximum of 78.7%, indicating sample heterogeneity. Studies of cardiovascular parameters revealed: heart rate at rest, which exceeded the physiological norm in 26.3% of test subjects, signs of bradycardia in 7.6% of test subjects, signs of hypotension were found in 4.7% of test subjects, signs of hypertension were found in 18.4% of test subjects. We found 7.6% of young men with the pulse pressure exceeded the permissible threshold. The vast majority, which is 70.7% of the studied young men of pre-conscription age, had individual results of endurance coefficient in the range of 17-29 s.u., which indicates a weakened activity of the cardiovascular system. Low individual indicators of lung vital capacity are observed at 8.3% of young men, and are in the range of 2.6-2.9 l. 10.1% of young men with individual respiratory rate results significantly higher than the age norm were also found. In the course of the study, we found that only 19.1% of pre-conscription youth had individual results of the hypoxia index which corresponded to the age norm. The individual results of the Rufier test in pre-conscription young men were distributed as follows: 7.9% have above average level of physical working capacity, 37.2% have average level of physical working capacity, 42.3% have satisfactory level, 12.6% have low level of physical working capacity. It should be noted that as a result of the study we did not find any young men who would have a high level of physical capacity.

Role of Fitness in Mediating Stress: A Correlational Exploration of Stress Reactivity

1991 ◽  
Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Brandon ◽  
J. Mark Loftin ◽  
Jack Curry
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
The Relationship

Researchers have investigated the effect of exercise on reducing subjects' responsiveness to stress. Results from the initial studies were positive, yet these studies often did not use objective measures of fitness. This investigation applied more rigorous methodology than past experiments to assess the relationship between fitness and reactivity to stress. Maximal oxygen consumption was measured to indicate the fitness of recreational cyclists who were then exposed to three stressful situations (mental subtraction, speech preparation, and the cold pressor test). Heart rate, frontalis electromyographic (EMG) levels, and self-report of tension were monitored during the stress-inducing tasks. Physical fitness was significantly related to heart rate taken during the subtraction and cold pressor tasks, with EMG during subtraction, and with self-report during all three stressor tasks. These results further support the hypothesized association of physical fitness and reducing response to stress.

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