Effect of an anabolic steroid on physical performance of young men

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Fowler ◽  
Gerald W. Gardner ◽  
Glen H. Egstrom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Increased Strength

The performance of 47 men was measured during a 16-week study. Eight of the men received placebos; nine received 1-methyl-Delta1-androstenolone acetate, an anabolic steroid; 15 received placebos and exercise; and 15 received the drug and exercise. There were no significant differences in strength, motor performance, or physical working capacity between the control and the androstenolone-supplemented groups. Differences in other factors such as vital capacity, limb circumference, and skin-fold thickness were also nonsignificant. Under the conditions imposed in this study there was no evidence that the anabolic steroid increased strength in young men. ergogenic drugs; strength measurements and physical working capacity under anabolic steroid therapy Submitted on December 14, 1964

THE RELATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR TESTS TO MEASUREMENTS OF MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND SKILLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-789
Author(s):  
William M. Fowler ◽  
Gerald W. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Cardiovascular Tests ◽  
American Children ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Minor

Children with congenital heart disease or asthma had marked decreases in physical working capacity but only slight changes from their predicted scores in most motor performance tests. Children with early muscular dystrophy had marked decreases from expected values in both physical working capacity and motor performance tests. Fitness apparently depends on the character of the test, and a patient must be severely and acutely ill or have a neuromuscular disease before significant changes occur in motor performance tests. Submaximal work load cardiovascular tests had a low or insignificant relationship to most tests of motor skills and performance, unless extremes of body build were eliminated or in trained subjects. Most motor performance and cardiovascular tests were highly specific with little correlation to each other, and varied in their relationship to height, weight, and physique. These variables played a minor role in motor performance tests with the possible exception of endurance events. Physical working capacity, however, correlated highly with many of these factors. Cardiovascular and motor performance tests had a similar relationship to age and sex. Both showed increases with age and a superiority of boys over girls. Physical working capacity values had less overlap at the earlier ages and less of the fluctuation or decreases in performance characterized by girls in the motor performance tests. Reports that American children were less fit than children from other countries are contradictory and open to criticism. The results depend on the type of tests, and differences between various geographical areas in this country were often as great as the differences between European and American children, even when similar tests were used. This suggests the need to exercise caution when comparing physical fitness tests and casts doubt on the use of such data as evidence that American children are physically unfit.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF THE FACTOR STRUCTURE OF PHYSICAL WORKING CAPACITY IN BOYS AND GIRLS AGED OF 9-10 YEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Krivolapchuk ◽  
V. V. Myshyakov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Working Capability ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Control

The study included children referred by their state of health to the main medical group (n=91). The average age of boys amounted to 9.6±0.05 years, and of girls - 9.5±0.05 years. The set of methods suitable for the study of school-aged children’s physical working capability at the wide range of accessible tensions was studied. The arrangement of the study met demands of Helsinki declaration. During the study 5 main factors determining physical working capacity structure in 9-10 aged children under the vast range of accessible tensions were found out. All the children were certainly health, went in for physical exercises according to commonly accepted program and did not attend sport sections. In the work there was used the complex of methods suitable for the study of the physical performance of schoolchildren in the large range of available loads. During the study there were selected 5 main factors determining the structure of the physical performance of children aged of 9-1-0 years. It is shown that boys’ and girls’ against background of the preservation of the common structure of the performance contributions of considered factors to the summarized dispersion of the sample, and physiological indices included in to the pattern of specific factors and their weight coefficients are distributed in various ways. Boys aged of 9-10 years were established to exceed girls by physical working capacity in all ranges of available loads. Meanwhile the greatest number of significant differences was identified concerning the variables characterizing working capacity in the moderate and high power relating with mainly aerobic and mixed aerobic-anaerobic power supply of muscular activity. Indices of aerobic capacity are characterized with the most differential “sensibility” in comparison with other energy criteria of the working capacity. The results of the study can be used in the solution of practical tasks according to hygienic rating and control of the value of physical loads of different relative power during the process of physical education of children aged of 9-10 years.

scholarly journals Means of restoring physical fitness of employees of the National Police of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
V. V. Bondarenko ◽  
S. M. Reshko ◽  
A. Yu. Martishko ◽  
O. S. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Pedagogical Tools

The analysis of scientific and educational-methodical works which cover methods and means of restoration of physical working capacity of experts of various specialties is carried out. It was stated that the official activity of police officers involves significant physical and psychological stress. It is substantiated that a high level of physical performance is one of the conditions for quality performance of functional duties and contributes to less manifestation of the effects of fatigue. The specifics of physical activity in the conditions of police service necessitate the search for tools that contribute to the rapid and full recovery of physical performance of law enforcement officers. It is established that the quantitative manifestation of the level of physical fitness of the specialist is necessary for the assessment of the functional reserves of the organism during the organization of physical education of the population; in sports, during the selection, planning and forecasting of training loads of athletes; in adaptive physical education; to determine the motor mode of patients in clinics and rehabilitation centers; forecasting the course of diseases. The specifics of application of pedagogical, medico-biological and psychological means of restoration of physical working capacity of policemen are characterized. It is argued that in the conditions of professional training of police officers, pedagogical tools are key in optimizing the recovery processes, as they are based on the body's natural ability to self-healing. Medico-biological and psychological means of recovery are considered additional only if the rational construction of the educational process. These tools help to increase the body's resistance to stress, accelerate the reduction of acute manifestations of general and local fatigue, effective recovery of energy resources, accelerate adaptation processes. It is determined that restorative means should be used in accordance with the type and specifics of physical activity, taking into account the individual characteristics of the police officer. When choosing the means of recovery, a rational combination of means of general and local action becomes important.

scholarly journals MORPHOFUNCTIONAL SCREENING OF 17-19 YEARS OLD YOUNG MEN IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Petrachkov ◽  
◽  
Olena Yarmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

The scientific work presents a detailed analysis of the 17-19 years young men morphofunctional status screening studies. The young men who took part in the research did not have any pathologies in their health and belonged to the main medical group. To effectively address the goal of the study, a wide range of methods typical of researches in the field of physical culture and sports was used. A total of 34 indicators were studied, including 23 direct measurements. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by adequate theoretical substantiation of scientific positions and research apparatus, highly informative and reliable research methods, optimal duration, correctness of processing, analysis and interpretation of the obtained data. The relevance of the chosen topic is confirmed by the results of the study, which were based on knowledge of age anatomy, age physiology, hygiene of physical culture and sports. Analysis of the young men morphological condition individual results in pre-conscription age indicates incomplete formation of the musculoskeletal system, and the circumferential size of the waist and hips, which exceeded physiological norms indicate the presence of excess body weight. There is a significant asymmetry between the results of wrist dynamometry, the difference between the strength of the right hand and the left hand is 6.2 kg. Studies of the body composition revealed that the average group performance of muscle and bone components of the young men aged 17-19 years is below the physiological norm. The range of muscle component values ranges from a minimum of 36.2% to a maximum of 78.7%, indicating sample heterogeneity. Studies of cardiovascular parameters revealed: heart rate at rest, which exceeded the physiological norm in 26.3% of test subjects, signs of bradycardia in 7.6% of test subjects, signs of hypotension were found in 4.7% of test subjects, signs of hypertension were found in 18.4% of test subjects. We found 7.6% of young men with the pulse pressure exceeded the permissible threshold. The vast majority, which is 70.7% of the studied young men of pre-conscription age, had individual results of endurance coefficient in the range of 17-29 s.u., which indicates a weakened activity of the cardiovascular system. Low individual indicators of lung vital capacity are observed at 8.3% of young men, and are in the range of 2.6-2.9 l. 10.1% of young men with individual respiratory rate results significantly higher than the age norm were also found. In the course of the study, we found that only 19.1% of pre-conscription youth had individual results of the hypoxia index which corresponded to the age norm. The individual results of the Rufier test in pre-conscription young men were distributed as follows: 7.9% have above average level of physical working capacity, 37.2% have average level of physical working capacity, 42.3% have satisfactory level, 12.6% have low level of physical working capacity. It should be noted that as a result of the study we did not find any young men who would have a high level of physical capacity.

Arterial elasticity and physical working capacity in young men

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1720-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eugene ◽  
H. Vandewalle ◽  
J. F. Bertholon ◽  
A. Teillac
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
The Relationship

We have tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relation between arterial elasticity and physical working capacity (PWC) at a given age. The subjects were 28 young men, 16–18 yr old. Arterial elasticity was evaluated by measuring the carotid to femoral pulse-wave velocity (c) at rest. The slope, S(c) of the relation between c and the diastolic blood pressure was studied during a cold pressor test to test vascular reactivity. The relationship between heart rate (HR) and work load was determined using a cycle ergometer; the variables measured were the slope of this relation S(PWC) and the power output at a HR of 170 min-1 (PWC170). The PWC170 ranged from 1.8 to 4.6 W/kg, and values of c ranged from 3.9 to 6.8 m/s. A strong inverse linear relation was found between c and PWC170 (r = -0.76), whereas the HR at rest was positively related to both c (r = 0.68) and PWC170 (r = 0.74). There was no relationship between HR at rest and the slopes S(c) and S(PWC); the latter two variables depend mainly on the sympathetic response. These results show the importance of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system, particularly arterial elasticity, in human adaptations to muscular exercise.

scholarly journals A study of pulmonary function abnormalities in obese individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 811
Author(s):  
Bhumika T. Vaishnav ◽  
Tushar V. Tonde
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Triceps Skin Fold

Background: Previous studies suggest that obese individuals are prone to pulmonary function abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary function tests in obese individuals and to relate pulmonary abnormalities if any found to lipid abnormalities and to the extent and duration of obesity.Methods: This prospective study was done on 40 obese patients attending to Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital, Mumbai with complaints of pulmonary functions during the period from January to December 2012. Pulmonary function test was done with the help of Jaegers pneumoscreen. The percentage of body fat was determined by using triceps skin fold thickness technique by using Vernier callipers. Fasting serum samples was collected to analyses cholesterol and triglycerides.Results: Female preponderance was seen in the study (57.5%). Forced expiratory volume, forced vital capacity, maximum mid expiratory flow rate was significantly reduced and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity was significantly increased in individuals who had abnormal pulmonary function. Decrease in pulmonary function was noted with increased levels of cholesterol and triglyceride but the correlation was not significant.Conclusions: Obese individuals although asymptomatic have significant lung function abnormality in the form of restrictive as well as obstructive pattern. Hence, reduction in the body weight may help in reversal of the pulmonary function indices.

scholarly journals Modern methods of the functional state assessing of the body and the physical performance of a serviceman in solving scientific research problems of biomedical direction

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
A M Geregey ◽  
A S Kovalev ◽  
O V Vetryakov ◽  
I S Malahova ◽  
E M Mavrenkov
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
The Impact

The main issues related to the assessment of the functional state of the body and the physical performance of the serviceman are considered. The review of modern methods for assessing the functional state and physical working capacity of a person in sports medicine and the physiology of military labor both in Russia and abroad is presented. The choice of the methods allowing to unify approaches to an estimation of military-professional working capacity in stationary and field conditions is proved. It is established that in the scientific research practice of military medical specialists, it is expedient to evaluate the functional state of the serviceman’s organism and its physical working capacity under loads associated with both dynamic and static muscle work. It is determined that ergospirometry is the most acceptable method of assessing the functional state of the body and the physical performance of servicemen in the process of performing dynamic work. It is noted that with the help of ergospirometric testing, it is possible to predict the physical performance of a serviceman and the duration of its preservation at a given level, replacing or supplementing most standard load tests, which is a weighty argument in favor of its choice as a «gold standard». It has been established that to evaluate the functional state of the body and the physical performance of servicemen in the process of performing static work, the main method is stabilometry. A significant number of available stabilometric techniques, including those using biofeedback, significantly expands the possibilities of diagnosing the functional state of the body of a military specialist. It is determined that the most acceptable method for assessing the impact of dynamic loads on the locomotor system of a serviceman is the use of the “motion capture” technology. The main advantages and disadvantages of modern means and methods of studying the functional state and physical working capacity of a person are revealed. The modern hardware and software complexes used to solve scientific research problems of biomedical orientation are listed.

THE PHYSICAL WORKING CAPACITY OF NORMAL SCHOOL CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Forrest H. Adams ◽  
Leonard M. Linde ◽  
Hisazumi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
School Children ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Confidence Bands ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Normal School ◽  
Blood Pressures

The physical working capacity was determined for 243 California school children of both sexes, ranging in age from 6 to 14 years. Working capacity correlated well with the surface area, height, weight, 3-second vital capacity, total vital capacity and age. The 1-second vital capacity and the blood pressures gave relatively poor correlations. The surface area was selected as the variable to be compared with working capacity. Regression lines and 95% confidence bands were determined for each of the sexes. Boys possessed significantly greater working capacities than girls, even at the smaller surface area. Differences became quite marked in the older and larger boys as contrasted with girls of the same age or size. The working-capacity test has a number of advantages over other methods of evaluating physical fitness. It is objective and reproducible and is easily administered with few trained individuals. The results readily permit comparison of various groups and of healthy and diseased individuals.

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