THE RELATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR TESTS TO MEASUREMENTS OF MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND SKILLS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-789
Author(s):  
William M. Fowler ◽  
Gerald W. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Cardiovascular Tests ◽  
American Children ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Minor

Children with congenital heart disease or asthma had marked decreases in physical working capacity but only slight changes from their predicted scores in most motor performance tests. Children with early muscular dystrophy had marked decreases from expected values in both physical working capacity and motor performance tests. Fitness apparently depends on the character of the test, and a patient must be severely and acutely ill or have a neuromuscular disease before significant changes occur in motor performance tests. Submaximal work load cardiovascular tests had a low or insignificant relationship to most tests of motor skills and performance, unless extremes of body build were eliminated or in trained subjects. Most motor performance and cardiovascular tests were highly specific with little correlation to each other, and varied in their relationship to height, weight, and physique. These variables played a minor role in motor performance tests with the possible exception of endurance events. Physical working capacity, however, correlated highly with many of these factors. Cardiovascular and motor performance tests had a similar relationship to age and sex. Both showed increases with age and a superiority of boys over girls. Physical working capacity values had less overlap at the earlier ages and less of the fluctuation or decreases in performance characterized by girls in the motor performance tests. Reports that American children were less fit than children from other countries are contradictory and open to criticism. The results depend on the type of tests, and differences between various geographical areas in this country were often as great as the differences between European and American children, even when similar tests were used. This suggests the need to exercise caution when comparing physical fitness tests and casts doubt on the use of such data as evidence that American children are physically unfit.

Jointly but Severally: Arab-Jewish Dualism and Economic Growth in Mandatory Palestine

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Metzer ◽  
Oded Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Political Conflict ◽  
The Political ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Dual Economy ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Economic Profile ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
And Performance ◽  
A Minor

Newly estimated national accounting data for the Arab community are utilized to provide a comparative economic profile of the Arab and Jewish sectors in mandatory Palestine's dual economy. It is shown that the Arab economy grew substantially, but at a much slower rate than the Jewish economy. Productivity advance, however, seems to have made a significantly larger relative contribution to Arab growth. General and specific dualistic features of Arab-Jewish trade and their growth promoting effects are also explored, suggesting that the political conflict between the two communities played only a minor role in shaping their economic interrelationship and performance.

Effect of an anabolic steroid on physical performance of young men

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1038-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Fowler ◽  
Gerald W. Gardner ◽  
Glen H. Egstrom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Anabolic Steroid ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Skin Fold Thickness ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Increased Strength

The performance of 47 men was measured during a 16-week study. Eight of the men received placebos; nine received 1-methyl-Delta1-androstenolone acetate, an anabolic steroid; 15 received placebos and exercise; and 15 received the drug and exercise. There were no significant differences in strength, motor performance, or physical working capacity between the control and the androstenolone-supplemented groups. Differences in other factors such as vital capacity, limb circumference, and skin-fold thickness were also nonsignificant. Under the conditions imposed in this study there was no evidence that the anabolic steroid increased strength in young men. ergogenic drugs; strength measurements and physical working capacity under anabolic steroid therapy Submitted on December 14, 1964

Arterial elasticity and physical working capacity in young men

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1720-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eugene ◽  
H. Vandewalle ◽  
J. F. Bertholon ◽  
A. Teillac
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
The Relationship

We have tested the hypothesis that there is a positive relation between arterial elasticity and physical working capacity (PWC) at a given age. The subjects were 28 young men, 16–18 yr old. Arterial elasticity was evaluated by measuring the carotid to femoral pulse-wave velocity (c) at rest. The slope, S(c) of the relation between c and the diastolic blood pressure was studied during a cold pressor test to test vascular reactivity. The relationship between heart rate (HR) and work load was determined using a cycle ergometer; the variables measured were the slope of this relation S(PWC) and the power output at a HR of 170 min-1 (PWC170). The PWC170 ranged from 1.8 to 4.6 W/kg, and values of c ranged from 3.9 to 6.8 m/s. A strong inverse linear relation was found between c and PWC170 (r = -0.76), whereas the HR at rest was positively related to both c (r = 0.68) and PWC170 (r = 0.74). There was no relationship between HR at rest and the slopes S(c) and S(PWC); the latter two variables depend mainly on the sympathetic response. These results show the importance of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system, particularly arterial elasticity, in human adaptations to muscular exercise.

BICYCLE ERGOMETER STUDIES IN CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Gordon R. Cumming ◽  
R. Danzinger
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Pulse Ratio ◽  
Rate Method

The working capacities of children tested on a bicycle ergometer in the spring and again in the fall showed no significant differences. The pulse rate method of determining working capacity in children has been validated by additional oxygen consumption studies. Oxygen consumption is proportional to the work load even with pulse rates from 170 to 215 beats per minute. The physical working capacity as determined by the pulse rate method shows a direct relationship to maximal oxygen consumption or oxygen pulse ratio. The determination of oxygen consumption would appear to offer no particular advantages, and physical working capacity of children may be determined with confidence by simply determining the pulse rate at known work loads. The working capacity of those in poor condition may be slightly underestimated when pulse rate methods are used.

Development of the corticospinal system and hand motor function: central conduction times and motor performance tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
U M Fietzek ◽  
F Heinen ◽  
S Berweck ◽  
S Maute ◽  
A Hufschmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Corticospinal System

The Effect of Path Length and Display Size on Memory for Spatial Information

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Guérard ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Length Effect ◽  
Serial Memory ◽  
Fixed Reference ◽  
A Minor

In serial memory for spatial information, some studies showed that recall performance suffers when the distance between successive locations increases relatively to the size of the display in which they are presented (the path length effect; e.g., Parmentier et al., 2005) but not when distance is increased by enlarging the size of the display (e.g., Smyth & Scholey, 1994). In the present study, we examined the effect of varying the absolute and relative distance between to-be-remembered items on memory for spatial information. We manipulated path length using small (15″) and large (64″) screens within the same design. In two experiments, we showed that distance was disruptive mainly when it is varied relatively to a fixed reference frame, though increasing the size of the display also had a small deleterious effect on recall. The insertion of a retention interval did not influence these effects, suggesting that rehearsal plays a minor role in mediating the effects of distance on serial spatial memory. We discuss the potential role of perceptual organization in light of the pattern of results.

Use of Different Tissue Thromboplastins in the Control of Anticoagulant-Therapy

1958 ◽  
Vol 02 (05/06) ◽  
pp. 462-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Verstraete ◽  
Patricia A. Clark ◽  
Irving S. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Time Test ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor

SummaryAn analysis of the results of prothrombin time tests with different types of thromboplastins sheds some light on the problem why the administration of coumarin is difficult to standardize in different centers. Our present ideas on the subject, based on experimental data may be summarized as follows.Several factors of the clotting mechanism are influenced by coumarin derivatives. The action of some of these factors is by-passed in the 1-stage prothrombin time test. The decrease of the prothrombin and factor VII levels may be evaluated in the 1-stage prothrombin time determination (Quick-test). The prolongation of the prothrombin times are, however, predominantly due to the decrease of factor VII activity, the prothrombin content remaining around 50 per cent of normal during an adequate anticoagulant therapy. It is unlikely that this degree of depression of prothrombin is of major significance in interfering with the coagulation mechanism in the protection against thromboembolism. It may, however, play a minor role, which has yet to be evaluated quantitatively. An exact evaluation of factor VII is, therefore, important for the guidance of anticoagulant therapy and the method of choice is the one which is most sensitive to changes in factor VII concentration. The 1-stage prothrombin time test with a rabbit lung thromboplastin seems the most suitable method because rabbit brain preparations exhibit a factor VII-like activity that is not present in rabbit lung preparations.

Produktivkraft als Versprechen

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (185) ◽  
pp. 621-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Siefkes
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Internal Forces ◽  
A Minor

The ‘Fragment on Machines’ from Marx’s Grundrisse is often cited as an argument that the internal forces of capitalism will lead to its doom. But the argument that the progressive reduction of labor must doom capitalism lacks a proper foundation, as a comparison with the ‘Schemes of Reproduction’ given in Capital II shows. The latter, however, aren’t fully convincing either. In reality, more depends on the private consumption of capitalists than either model recognizes. Ultimately, most can be made of the ‘Fragment on Machines’ by reading it not as an exposure of capitalism’s internal contractions, but as a discussion of a possible communist future where labor (or work) will play but a minor role.

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