Influence of antigen on membrane properties of guinea pig bronchial ganglion neurons

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 970-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Myers ◽  
B. J. Undem ◽  
D. Weinreich
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Current Pulse ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The bronchus was isolated from actively sensitized guinea pigs, and the effect of antigen challenge on the excitability of bronchial parasympathetic ganglion neurons was examined with standard intracellular recording techniques. Based on histological examination, we found that mast cells were located near parasympathetic ganglia neurons. Antigen challenge resulted in a loss of mast cell staining and the release of the mast cell-associated mediators, histamine (38 ng/g, approximately 14% of total content) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2, 118 ng/g wet weight of tissue). Challenging the isolated bronchus with the sensitizing antigen resulted in a transient depolarization (mean 6 mV) of the resting membrane potential of the neurons. Antigen challenge also had a dramatic effect on the accommodative properties of the neurons. Before antigen challenge, two subpopulations of neurons could be differentiated by their response to cathodal current steps: 60% of the cells responded in a “phasic” manner, firing one to six spikes and then accommodated, whereas the balance fired spikes repetitively throughout the current pulse. In phasic firing cells, ovalbumin challenge produced a decrease in accommodation. This was evidenced by a fivefold increase in the number of action potentials elicited during a 500-ms suprathreshold current pulse. The antigen-induced depolarization could be mimicked by histamine, whereas the decrease in accommodation was mimicked by application of PGD2. Leukotriene C4, another mast cell-associated mediator, had no effect on these neuronal properties. These results provide evidence that the immediate hypersensitivity response in guinea pig airways may involve changes in membrane characteristics of bronchial parasympathetic ganglia neurons.

Role of cyclooxygenase activation and prostaglandins in antigen-induced excitability changes of bronchial parasympathetic ganglia neurons

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (4) ◽  
pp. L581-L587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Kajekar ◽  
Bradley J. Undem ◽  
Allen C. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerve ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

In vitro antigen challenge has multiple effects on the excitability of guinea pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglion neurons, including depolarization, causing phasic neurons to fire with a repetitive action potential pattern and potentiating synaptic transmission. In the present study, guinea pigs were passively sensitized to the antigen ovalbumin. After sensitization, the bronchi were prepared for in vitro electrophysiological intracellular recording of parasympathetic ganglia neurons to investigate the contribution of cyclooxygenase activation and prostanoids on parasympathetic nerve activity. Cyclooxygenase inhibition with either indomethacin or piroxicam before in vitro antigen challenge blocked the change in accommodation. These cyclooxygenase inhibitors also blocked the release of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) from bronchial tissue during antigen challenge. We also determined that PGE2 and PGD2 decreased the duration of the action potential after hyperpolarization, whereas PGF2α potentiated synaptic transmission. Thus prostaglandins released during antigen challenge have multiple effects on the excitability of guinea pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglia neurons, which may consequently affect the output from these neurons and thereby alter parasympathetic tone in the lower airways.

scholarly journals Role of prostaglandin D2 in mast cell activation-induced sensitization of esophageal vagal afferents

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (10) ◽  
pp. G908-G916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shizhong Zhang ◽  
Gintautas Grabauskas ◽  
Xiaoyin Wu ◽  
Moon Kyung Joo ◽  
Andrea Heldsinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Patch Clamp Recording ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Sensitization of esophageal afferents plays an important role in esophageal nociception, but the mechanism is less clear. Our previous studies demonstrated that mast cell (MC) activation releases the preformed mediators histamine and tryptase, which play important roles in sensitization of esophageal vagal nociceptive C fibers. PGD2 is a lipid mediator released by activated MCs. Whether PGD2 plays a role in this sensitization process has yet to be determined. Expression of the PGD2 DP1 and DP2 receptors in nodose ganglion neurons was determined by immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and RT-PCR. Extracellular recordings were performed in ex vivo esophageal-vagal preparations. Action potentials evoked by esophageal distension were compared before and after perfusion of PGD2, DP1 and DP2 receptor agonists, and MC activation, with or without pretreatment with antagonists. The effect of PGD2 on 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)-labeled esophageal nodose neurons was determined by patch-clamp recording. Our results demonstrate that DP1 and DP2 receptor mRNA and protein were expressed mainly in small- and medium-diameter neurons in nodose ganglia. PGD2 significantly increased esophageal distension-evoked action potential discharges in esophageal nodose C fibers. The DP1 receptor agonist BW 245C mimicked this effect. PGD2 directly sensitized DiI-labeled esophageal nodose neurons by decreasing the action potential threshold. Pretreatment with the DP1 receptor antagonist BW A868C significantly inhibited PGD2 perfusion- or MC activation-induced increases in esophageal distension-evoked action potential discharges in esophageal nodose C fibers. In conclusion, PGD2 plays an important role in MC activation-induced sensitization of esophageal nodose C fibers. This adds a novel mechanism of visceral afferent sensitization.

Postnatal Changes in Membrane Properties of Mice Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 2398-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Cabanes ◽  
Mikel López de Armentia ◽  
Félix Viana ◽  
Carlos Belmonte
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglion ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Membrane Capacitance ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Inward Rectification ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Depolarization Rate ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Intracellular recordings from neurons in the mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG) in vitro were used to characterize changes in membrane properties that take place from early postnatal stages (P0–P7) to adulthood (>P21). All neonatal TG neurons had uniformly slow conduction velocities, whereas adult neurons could be separated according to their conduction velocity into Aδ and C neurons. Based on the presence or absence of a marked inflection or hump in the repolarization phase of the action potential (AP), neonatal neurons were divided into S- (slow) and F-type (fast) neurons. Their passive and subthreshold properties (resting membrane potential, input resistance, membrane capacitance, and inward rectification) were nearly identical, but they showed marked differences in AP amplitude, AP overshoot, AP duration, rate of AP depolarization, rate of AP repolarization, and afterhyperpolarization (AHP) duration. Adult TG neurons also segregated into S- and F-type groups. Differences in their mean AP amplitude, AP overshoot, AP duration, rate of AP depolarization, rate of AP repolarization, and AHP duration were also prominent. In addition, axons of 90% of F-type neurons and 60% of S-type neurons became faster conducting in their central and peripheral branch, suggestive of axonal myelination. The proportion of S- and F-type neurons did not vary during postnatal development, suggesting that these phenotypes were established early in development. Membrane properties of both types of TG neurons evolved differently during postnatal development. The nature of many of these changes was linked to the process of myelination. Thus myelination was accompanied by a decrease in AP duration, input resistance ( R in), and increase in membrane capacitance (C). These properties remained constant in unmyelinated neurons (both F- and S-type). In adult TG, all F-type neurons with inward rectification were also fast-conducting Aδ, suggesting that those F-type neurons showing inward rectification at birth will evolve to F-type Aδ neurons with age. The percentage of F-type neurons showing inward rectification also increased with age. Both F- and S-type neurons displayed changes in the sensitivity of the AP to reductions in extracellular Ca2+ or substitution with Co2+ during the process of maturation.

Electrophysiological properties of neurons in guinea pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglia

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. L403-L409 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Myers ◽  
B. J. Undem ◽  
D. Weinreich
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Passive Membrane

Active and passive membrane membrane properties of parasympathetic neurons were examined in vitro in a newly localized ganglion on the right bronchus of the guinea pig. Neurons could be classified as “tonic” or “phasic” based on their action potential discharge response to suprathreshold depolarizing constant current steps. Tonic neurons (39%) responded with repetitive action potentials sustained throughout the current step, whereas phasic neurons (61%) responded with an initial burst of action potentials at the onset of the step but then accommodated. Tonic and phasic neurons could not be differentiated by other active or passive membrane properties. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve elicited one to three temporally distinct fast nicotinic excitatory potentials, and tetanic stimulation of the vagus nerve evoked slow depolarizing (10% of neurons) and hyperpolarizing (25% of neurons) potentials; the latter was mimicked by muscarinic receptor activation. Similar slow and fast postsynaptic potentials were observed in both tonic and phasic neurons. We suggest neurons within the bronchial ganglion possess membrane and synaptic properties capable of integrating presynaptic stimuli.

Effect of bradykinin on membrane properties of guinea pig bronchial parasympathetic ganglion neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. L485-L491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhika Kajekar ◽  
Allen C. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Induced Membrane ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglion ◽  
Hoe 140 ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The effect of bradykinin on membrane properties of parasympathetic ganglion neurons in isolated guinea pig bronchial tissue was studied using intracellular recording techniques. Bradykinin (1–100 nM) caused a reversible membrane potential depolarization of ganglion neurons that was not associated with a change in input resistance. The selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE-140 inhibited bradykinin-induced membrane depolarizations. Furthermore, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin attenuated bradykinin-induced membrane depolarizations to a similar magnitude (∼70%) as HOE-140. However, neurokinin-1 and -3 receptor antagonists did not have similar inhibitory effects. The ability of bradykinin to directly alter active properties of parasympathetic ganglion neurons was also examined. Bradykinin (100 nM) significantly reduced the duration of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed four consecutive action potentials. The inhibitory effect of bradykinin on the AHP response was reversed by HOE-140 but not by indomethacin. These results indicate that bradykinin can stimulate airway parasympathetic ganglion neurons independent of sensory nerve activation and provide an alternative mechanism for regulating airway parasympathetic tone.

scholarly journals Etiology of distinct membrane excitability in pre- and posthearing auditory neurons relies on activity of Cl−channel TMEM16A

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 2575-2580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Dong Zhang ◽  
Jeong-Han Lee ◽  
Ping Lv ◽  
Wei Chun Chen ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Membrane Excitability ◽  
Action Potential Firing ◽  
Broad Dynamic Range ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

The developmental rehearsal for the debut of hearing is marked by massive changes in the membrane properties of hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Whereas the underlying mechanisms for the developing HC transition to mature stage are understood in detail, the maturation of SGNs from hyperexcitable prehearing to quiescent posthearing neurons with broad dynamic range is unknown. Here, we demonstrated using pharmacological approaches, caged-Ca2+photolysis, and gramicidin patch recordings that the prehearing SGN uses Ca2+-activated Cl−conductance to depolarize the resting membrane potential and to prime the neurons in a hyperexcitable state. Immunostaining of the cochlea preparation revealed the identity and expression of the Ca2+-activated Cl−channel transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A) in SGNs. Moreover, null deletion ofTMEM16Areduced the Ca2+-activated Cl−currents and action potential firing in SGNs. To determine whether Cl−ions and TMEM16A are involved in the transition between pre- and posthearing features of SGNs we measured the intracellular Cl−concentration [Cl−]iin SGNs. Surprisingly, [Cl−]iin SGNs from prehearing mice was ∼90 mM, which was significantly higher than posthearing neurons, ∼20 mM, demonstrating discernible altered roles of Cl−channels in the developing neuron. The switch in [Cl−]istems from delayed expression of the development of intracellular Cl−regulating mechanisms. Because the Cl−channel is the only active ion-selective conductance with a reversal potential that lies within the dynamic range of SGN action potentials, developmental alteration of [Cl−]i, and hence the equilibrium potential for Cl−(ECl), transforms pre- to posthearing phenotype.

Membrane responses of neurons in human sympathetic ganglia

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Puil ◽  
H. El-Beheiry ◽  
I. Spigelman
Keyword(s):  
Current Pulse ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
First Time ◽  
Spike Firing

Electrophysiological studies were performed on in vitro slice preparations of sympathetic ganglia excised from peripherally perfused, brain-dead human donors. The intracellular recordings in 16 neurons showed resting potentials and input resistances mostly in the ranges reported for sympathetic neurons in other mammals. The high input resistances (~29 MΩ) can account for the long membrane time constants measured in three neurons [Formula: see text]. Spikes that were part of anodal break responses as well as those evoked by current pulse injections were tetrodotoxin sensitive and were more prolonged in duration by tetraethylammonium than by 4-aminopyridine applications. Administrations of isoflurane (0.5–2 minimum alveolar concentrations) by perfusion did not greatly affect the membrane properties, but produced a marked reduction in repetitive spike firing evoked by current pulse injections as well as in the postspike afterhyperpolarizations, suggesting that a sympathetic neurogenic mechanism may contribute to the hypotension observed clinically during isoflurane anaesthesia. These investigations demonstrate for the first time that human sympathetic ganglion neurons can be studied successfully in in vitro preparations, and hence are valuable for direct relevance to the human condition.

scholarly journals Association of the Kv1 family of K+ channels and their functional blueprint in the properties of auditory neurons as revealed by genetic and functional analyses

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1751-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenying Wang ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kim ◽  
Ping Lv ◽  
Bruce Tempel ◽  
Ebenezer N. Yamoah
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Null Mutant Mice ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Developmental plasticity in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) ensues from profound alterations in the functional properties of the developing hair cell (HC). For example, prehearing HCs are spontaneously active. However, at the posthearing stage, HC membrane properties transition to graded receptor potentials. The dendrotoxin (DTX)-sensitive Kv1 channel subunits (Kv1.1, 1.2, and 1.6) shape the firing properties and membrane potential of SGNs, and the expression of the channel undergoes developmental changes. Because of the stochastic nature of Kv subunit heteromultimerization, it has been difficult to determine physiologically relevant subunit-specific interactions and their functions in the underlying mechanisms of Kv1 channel plasticity in SGNs. Using Kcna2 null mutant mice, we demonstrate a surprising paradox in changes in the membrane properties of SGNs. The resting membrane potential of Kcna2−/− SGNs was significantly hyperpolarized compared with that of age-matched wild-type (WT) SGNs. Analyses of outward currents in the mutant SGNs suggest an apparent approximately twofold increase in outward K+ currents. We show that in vivo and in vitro heteromultimerization of Kv1.2 and Kv1.4 α-subunits underlies the striking and unexpected alterations in the properties of SGNs. The results suggest that heteromeric interactions of Kv1.2 and Kv1.4 dominate the defining features of Kv1 channels in SGNs.

scholarly journals IgE-mediated release of leukotriene C4, chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan, beta-hexosaminidase, and histamine from cultured bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Razin ◽  
J M Mencia-Huerta ◽  
R L Stevens ◽  
R A Lewis ◽  
F T Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Prostaglandin D2 ◽  
Mouse Bone Marrow ◽  
Leukotriene C4 ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate E

Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells differentiated in vitro and sensitized with monoclonal IgE respond to antigen-initiated activation with the release of histamine, beta-hexosaminidase, chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). The chondroitin sulfate E nature of the glycosaminoglycan side chain was established by demonstrating that the chondroitinase ABC disaccharide digestion products were composed of equal quantities of 4-sulfated and 4,6-disulfated N-acetyl-galactosamine. The single immunoreactive sulfidopeptide leukotriene, released and quantitated with a class-specific antibody, was identified as LTC4 by its retention time on reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and by its specific spasmogenic activity on the guinea pig ileum. The release of the preformed mediators, as well as of LTC4, was related in a dose-response fashion to the concentration of monoclonal IgE used during the sensitization step and to the concentration of specific antigen used to initiate the activation-secretion response. The optimal concentrations of IgE for sensitization and of antigen for challenge were the same for the release of preformed mediators and of LTC4. In addition, the time courses of their release were superimposable, with a plateau at 5 min after antigen challenge. The release of three preformed mediators and of LTC4 after fixation of IgE, washing of the sensitized cells, and antigen challenge unequivocally indicates a bone marrow-derived mast cell origin for these products. Linear regression analyses of the net percent release of beta-hexosaminidase to histamine and of 35S-chondroitin sulfate E to beta-hexosaminidase yielded straight lines that intersected at the origin, which indicates that the three preformed mediators are localized in the secretory granules of the bone marrow-derived mast cells. The concomitant generation of 23 ng of LTC4/10(6) sensitized bone marrow-derived mast cells represents the first example of IgE-dependent release of substantial amounts of LTC4, a component of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, from a mast cell population of greater than 95% purity. The IgE-dependent generation of LTC4, rather than prostaglandin D2, by the chondroitin sulfate E proteoglycan-containing bone marrow-derived mast cells contrasts with the predominant generation of prostaglandin D2 by heparin proteoglycan-containing mast cells. These differences together support the existence of two phenotypically different mast cell subclasses.

Developmental Changes in Membrane Properties of Chemoreceptor Afferent Neurons of the Rat Petrosal Ganglia

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Afferent Neurons ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Carotid body chemoreceptors increase their responsiveness to hypoxia in the postnatal period, but the mechanism for this increase is unresolved. The purpose of the present study was to examine developmental changes in cellular characteristics of chemoreceptor afferent neurons in the petrosal ganglia with the underlying hypothesis that developmental changes occur and may account for the developmental increase in chemoreceptor responsiveness. Chemoreceptor complexes (carotid body, sinus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and petrosal ganglia) were harvested from rats, aged 3–40 days, and intracellular recordings were obtained from petrosal ganglion neurons using sharp electrode impalement. All chemoreceptor neurons across ages were C fibers with conduction velocities <1 m/s and generated repetitive action potentials with depolarization. Resting membrane potential was −61.3 ± 0.9 (SE) mV ( n = 78) and input resistance was 108 ± 6 MΩ and did not significantly change with age. Cell capacitance was 32.4 ± 1.7 pF and did not change with age. Rheobase averaged 0.21 ± 0.02 nA and slightly increased with age. Action potentials were followed by an afterhyperpolarization of 12.4 ± 0.6 mV and time constant 6.9 ± 0.5 ms; only the time constant decreased with age. These results, obtained in rat, demonstrate electrophysiologic characteristics which differ substantially from that previously described in cat chemoreceptor neurons. In general developmental changes in cell characteristics are small and are unlikely to account for the developmental increase in chemoreceptor responsiveness with age.

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