scholarly journals Effect of exercise training at different intensities on fat metabolism of obese men

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 1300-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien P. C. Van Aggel-Leijssen ◽  
Wim H. M. Saris ◽  
Anton J. M. Wagenmakers ◽  
Joan M. Senden ◽  
Marleen A. Van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

The present study investigated the effect of exercise training at different intensities on fat oxidation in obese men. Twenty-four healthy male obese subjects were randomly divided in either a low- [40% maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max)] or high-intensity exercise training program (70%V˙o 2 max) for 12 wk, or a nonexercising control group. Before and after the intervention, measurements of fat metabolism at rest and during exercise were performed by using indirect calorimetry, [U-13C]palmitate, and [1,2-13C]acetate. Furthermore, body composition and maximal aerobic capacity were measured. Total fat oxidation did not change at rest in any group. During exercise, after low-intensity exercise training, fat oxidation was increased by 40% ( P < 0.05) because of an increased non-plasma fatty acid oxidation ( P < 0.05). High-intensity exercise training did not affect total fat oxidation during exercise. Changes in fat oxidation were not significantly different among groups. It was concluded that low-intensity exercise training in obese subjects seemed to increase fat oxidation during exercise but not at rest. No effect of high-intensity exercise training on fat oxidation could be shown.

Low-intensity exercise training decreases cardiac output and hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (6) ◽  
pp. H2627-H2631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acácio Salvador Véras-Silva ◽  
Katt Coelho Mattos ◽  
Nilo Sérgio Gava ◽  
Patricia Chakur Brum ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Negrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

The decrease in cardiac sympathetic tone and heart rate after low-intensity exercise training may have hemodynamic consequences in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The effects of exercise training of low and high intensity on resting blood pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were studied in sedentary ( n = 17), low- ( n = 17), and high-intensity exercise-trained ( n = 17) SHR. Exercise training was performed on a treadmill for 60 min, 5 times per week for 18 weeks, at 55% or 85% maximum oxygen uptake. Blood pressure was evaluated by a cannula inserted into the carotid artery, and cardiac output was evaluated by a microprobe placed around the ascending aorta. Low-intensity exercise-trained rats had a significantly lower mean blood pressure than sedentary and high-intensity exercise-trained rats (160 ± 4 vs. 175 ± 3 and 173 ± 2 mmHg, respectively). Cardiac index (20 ± 1 vs. 24 ± 1 and 24 ± 1 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ 100 g−1, respectively) and heart rate (332 ± 6 vs. 372 ± 14 and 345 ± 9 beats/min, respectively) were significantly lower in low-intensity exercise-trained rats than in sedentary and high-intensity exercise-trained rats. No significant difference was observed in stroke volume index and total peripheral resistance index in all groups studied. In conclusion, low-intensity, but not high-intensity, exercise training decreases heart rate and cardiac output and, consequently, attenuates hypertension in SHR.

Phenylephrine decreases frontal lobe oxygenation at rest but not during moderately intense exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 1472-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Brassard ◽  
Thomas Seifert ◽  
Mads Wissenberg ◽  
Peter M. Jensen ◽  
Christian K. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

Whether sympathetic activity influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation remains controversial. The influence of sympathetic activity on CBF and oxygenation was evaluated by the effect of phenylephrine on middle cerebral artery (MCA) mean flow velocity ( Vmean) and the near-infrared spectroscopy-derived frontal lobe oxygenation (ScO2) at rest and during exercise. At rest, nine healthy male subjects received bolus injections of phenylephrine (0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 mg), and changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP), MCA Vmean, internal jugular venous O2 saturation (SjvO2), ScO2, and arterial Pco2 (PaCO2) were measured and the cerebral metabolic rate for O2 (CMRO2) was calculated. In randomized order, a bolus of saline or 0.3 mg of phenylephrine was then injected during semisupine cycling, eliciting a low (∼110 beats/min) or a high (∼150 beats/min) heart rate. At rest, MAP and MCA Vmean increased ∼20% ( P < 0.001) and ∼10% ( P < 0.001 for 0.25 mg of phenylephrine and P < 0.05 for 0.4 mg of phenylephrine), respectively. ScO2 then decreased ∼7% ( P < 0.001). Phenylephrine had no effect on SjvO2, PaCO2, or CMRO2. MAP increased after the administration of phenylephrine during low-intensity exercise (∼15%), but this was attenuated (∼10%) during high-intensity exercise ( P < 0.001). The reduction in ScO2 after administration of phenylephrine was attenuated during low-intensity exercise (−5%, P < 0.001) and abolished during high-intensity exercise (−3%, P = not significant), where PaCO2 decreased 7% ( P < 0.05) and CMRO2 increased 17% ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that the administration of phenylephrine reduced ScO2 but that the increased cerebral metabolism needed for moderately intense exercise eliminated that effect.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and its associated risk factors among university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Mingming Chen ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Lianping He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
University Students ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Education Level ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Psychological distress is an important mental health problem among university students. The goal of this study was to determine psychological distress and its associated risk factors among students in the Anhui province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 1304 students. In this study, a self-administered questionnaire consisting of the general demography and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was completed. Psychological distress was assessed using the GHQ-12-item questionnaire. A dichotomous category split was imposed on the GHQ-12 for the purpose of analysis. A GHQ-12 score of 4 or higher indicated psychological distress. The data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 system. RESULTS A total of 1304 samples were analyzed in this study. The results indicated that the education level of the father and mother was associated with the students’ psychological distress (P<0.001). A significant association was found between high-intensity exercise and low-intensity exercise and psychological distress. However, no significant difference was identified between gender and psychological distress (P=0.173). CONCLUSION The education level of parents, high-intensity exercise, and low-intensity exercise were associated with psychological distress. Our results suggest that it is indispensable to raise awareness of psychological disorders and its associated risk factors among university students. Further studies are required to develop appropriate interventions for high-risk groups.

Controlled 5-mo aerobic training improves heart rate but not heart rate variability or baroreflex sensitivity

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1825-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Loimaala ◽  
Heikki Huikuri ◽  
Pekka Oja ◽  
Matti Pasanen ◽  
Ilkka Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Low Intensity

Endurance-trained athletes have increased heart rate variability (HRV), but it is not known whether exercise training improves the HRV and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in sedentary persons. We compared the effects of low- and high-intensity endurance training on resting heart rate, HRV, and BRS. The maximal oxygen uptake and endurance time increased significantly in the high-intensity group compared with the control group. Heart rate did not change significantly in the low-intensity group but decreased significantly in the high-intensity group (−6 beats/min, 95% confidence interval; −10 to −1 beats/min, exercise vs. control). No significant changes occurred in either the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or BRS in either of the exercise groups. Exercise training was not able to modify the cardiac vagal outflow in sedentary, middle-aged persons.

scholarly journals Defining the contribution of skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase α1 to exercise performance and insulin action

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (5) ◽  
pp. E1034-E1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Svensson ◽  
Jessica R. Dent ◽  
Shahriar Tahvilian ◽  
Vitor F. Martins ◽  
Abha Sathe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Muscle Contractile

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and is an important control point for carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation. However, the importance of the PDC and CHO oxidation to muscle metabolism and exercise performance, particularly during prolonged or high-intensity exercise, has not been fully defined especially in mature skeletal muscle. To this end, we determined whether skeletal muscle-specific loss of pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 ( Pdha1), which is a critical subunit of the PDC, impacts resting energy metabolism, exercise performance, or metabolic adaptation to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. For this, we generated a tamoxifen (TMX)-inducible Pdha1 knockout (PDHmKO) mouse, in which PDC activity is temporally and specifically ablated in adult skeletal muscle. We assessed energy expenditure, ex vivo muscle contractile performance, and endurance exercise capacity in PDHmKO mice and wild-type (WT) littermates. Additionally, we studied glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in muscle after 12 wk of HFD feeding. TMX administration largely ablated PDHα in skeletal muscle of adult PDHmKO mice but did not impact energy expenditure, muscle contractile function, or low-intensity exercise performance. Additionally, there were no differences in muscle insulin sensitivity or body composition in PDHmKO mice fed a control or HFD, as compared with WT mice. However, exercise capacity during high-intensity exercise was severely impaired in PDHmKO mice, in parallel with a large increase in plasma lactate concentration. In conclusion, although skeletal muscle PDC is not a major contributor to resting energy expenditure or long-duration, low-intensity exercise performance, it is necessary for optimal performance during high-intensity exercise.

scholarly journals High-Intensity Exercise Causes Greater Irisin Response Compared with Low-Intensity Exercise under Similar Energy Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Tsuchiya ◽  
Daisuke Ando ◽  
Kazushige Goto ◽  
Masataka Kiuchi ◽  
Mitsuya Yamakita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

EFFECTS OF HIGH INTENSITY EXERCISE TRAINING ON CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION,OXYGEN UPTAKE, INTERNAL OXYGEN TRANSPORT AND OSMOTIC BALANCE IN CHINOOK SALMON(ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA) DURING CRITICAL SPEED SWIMMING

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (16) ◽  
pp. 2861-2872 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. GALLAUGHER ◽  
H. THORARENSEN ◽  
A. KIESSLING ◽  
A. P. FARRELL
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osmotic Balance

SUMMARYTo examine cardiorespiratory plasticity, cardiovascular function, oxygen consumption, oxygen delivery and osmotic balance were measured at velocities up to critical swimming speed (Ucrit) in seawater-adapted chinook salmon. We used two groups of fish. The control group had swum continuously for 4 months at a low intensity (0.5 BL s-1)and the other was given a high-intensity training regimen (a Ucrit swim test on alternate days) over the same period of time. Compared with available data for other salmonid species, the control group had a higher maximum oxygen consumption(Ṁo2max; 244μmol O2 min-1 kg-1), cardiac output(Q̇max; 65 ml min-1 kg-1) and blood oxygen content(CaO2; 15 ml O2 dl-1). Exercise training caused a 50% increase in Ṁo2max without changing either Ucrit or CaO2, even though there were small but significant increases in hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and relative ventricular mass. During swimming, however,exercise-trained fish experienced a smaller decrease in body mass and muscle moisture, a smaller increase in plasma osmolality, and reduced venous oxygen stores compared with control fish. Consequently, exercise training apparently diminished the osmo—respiratory compromise, but improved oxygen extraction at the tissues. We conclude that the training-induced increase in Ṁo2max provided benefits to systems other than the locomotory system, such as osmoregulation,enabling trained fish to better multitask physiological functions while swimming. Furthermore, because a good interspecific correlation exists between Ṁo2max and arterial oxygen supply(Ṫo2max; r2=0.99) among temperate fish species, it is likely that CaO2 and Q̇max are principal loci for cardiorespiratory evolutionary adaptation but not for intraspecific cardiorepiratory plasticity as revealed by high intensity exercise training.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of weight loss with or without low-intensity exercise training on fat metabolism in obese men

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorien PC van Aggel-Leijssen ◽  
Wim HM Saris ◽  
Gabby B Hul ◽  
Marleen A van Baak
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Short Term Effects
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