Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1193-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari S. Bassuk ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Physically Active

Epidemiological studies suggest that physically active individuals have a 30–50% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than do sedentary persons and that physical activity confers a similar risk reduction for coronary heart disease. Risk reductions are observed with as little as 30 min of moderate-intensity activity per day. Protective mechanisms of physical activity include the regulation of body weight; the reduction of insulin resistance, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and inflammation; and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and fibrinolytic and endothelial function. Public health initiatives promoting moderate increases in physical activity may offer the best balance between efficacy and feasibility to improve metabolic and cardiovascular health in largely sedentary populations.

scholarly journals A Study Using Power Cycling on the Affective Responses of a Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training to Male Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes in Different Physical Activity Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Ruichen Jiang ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Haifeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Power Cycling ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown in studies to enhance glucose management and cardiovascular well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we used power cycling to assess the physical activity levels of men with type 2 diabetes during a single low-volume HIIT session. First, fifty-six men with type 2 diabetes volunteered to take part in the study, and they were split into two groups based on the International Physical Activity Scale Short Form (IPA). To the first 1–4 labor bouts, both the sufficiently physically active and insufficiently physically active groups exhibited equal positive emotional reactions ( p > 0.05 ). However, over time (about 5–10 times), both of them showed reduced emotional reactions, with a significant difference ( p < 0.01 ). The insufficiently physically active group had lower mean emotional response, lowest effective response, and maximum effective response values than the sufficiently physically active group ( p < 0.001 ), while the difference in RPE between the two groups was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). From the standpoint of emotional response, the proposed model shows that HIIT or reduced volume HIIT exercise prescriptions should be utilized with caution in physical activity programs for novices and less active and chronically sick persons. The frequency, intensity, and effects of low-volume HIIT on individuals’ emotional reactions and health conditions in the T2DM group are also investigated. Furthermore, this low-volume HIIT program can be successfully applied in the real-world setting of people who are not physically active enough or who are chronically unwell.

scholarly journals Legume consumption and its association with fasting glucose, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in the Indian Migration Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3017-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preet K Dhillon ◽  
Liza Bowen ◽  
Sanjay Kinra ◽  
Ankalmadugu Venkatsubbareddy Bharathi ◽  
Sutapa Agrawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Migration Status

AbstractObjectiveLegume consumption is associated with lower fasting glucose (FG) and insulin levels in nutrition trials and lower CVD mortality in large-scale epidemiological studies. In India, legumes are widely consumed in various preparations, yet no epidemiological study has evaluated the association of legumes with FG levels, insulin resistance and diabetes risk. The present study aimed to fill this gap.DesignFasting blood samples, in-person interviews to obtain information on demographic/socio-economic factors, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use, and anthropometric measurements were collected. Dietary intakes were assessed by an interviewer-administered, validated, semi-quantitative FFQ.SettingLucknow, Nagpur, Hyderabad and Bangalore, India.SubjectsMen and women (n 6367) aged 15–76 years – urban residents, urban migrants and their rural siblings.ResultsIn multivariate random-effects models adjusted for age, BMI, total energy intake, macronutrients, physical activity and rural/migration status, daily legume consumption was not associated with FG (P-for-trend=0·78), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment score; P-for-trend=0·73) or the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (P-for-trend=0·41). Stratified analyses by vegetarian diet and migration status did not change the findings. Inverse associations between legumes and FG emerged for participants with lower BMI and higher carbohydrate, protein, fat and sugar intakes.ConclusionsAlthough legumes are essential in traditional Indian diets, as well as in prudent and Mediterranean diets in the West, we did not find an association between legumes and markers of glycaemic control, insulin resistance or diabetes, except for subgroups based on BMI and macronutrient intake. The ubiquitous presence and complexity of legume preparations in Indian diets may contribute to these findings.

scholarly journals Barriers to Exercise in Type 2 DM Patients: An Institutional Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Majumdar ◽  
K.K. Gangopadhyay ◽  
N. Chowdhuri ◽  
A. Majumder ◽  
B. Ghoshdastidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Reason ◽  
Barriers To Exercise

Background: The benefits of regular exercise are well recognized in type 2 diabetes subjects. However, a substantial proportion of patients don’t exercise at all. We aimed to enumerate the barriers to exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and factors associated with these barriers. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study of successive type 2 diabetes patients attending routine out-patient diabetes clinics in five tertiary care hospitals in Kolkata, India from 1st April,2017 to 31st March 2018. All patients who matched our study eligibility criteria were interviewed by diabetes care providers using a structured questionnaire modeled after a systematic review of similar studies but tuned to regional preferences. Besides demographic details, patient particulars and laboratory investigations, the questionnaire included 2 direct questions on possible barriers to exercise. The questions were grouped into five categories viz. environmental (4 questions), behavioral (9 questions), occupational (2 questions), physical inability (7 questions) and medical reason (1 question). Patients’ who didn’t meet the ADA-EASD recommended exercise (at least 150 minutes moderate intensity aerobic physical activity viz. brisk walking at 3-4 km-hr) were classified as non-exercisers. Results: The present study included a total of 1061 patients of which 617 were males versus 444 females. 636 (59.9%) were not doing physical activity as per current international standards. A substantial higher proportion of females (68.9%) did not exercised as compared to males (53.5%), which is statistically significantly higher, p<0.001. Insulin usage was found to be significantly associated to hamper exercise (p=0.017), physical activity being 8% lower (34.5% in insulin users versus 42.5% in non-insulin users). Male gender (OR-1.877, 95% CI=1.217-2.894, p=0.004) and doctor’s prior advice for exercise (OR-3.397, 95% CI=2.035-5.671, p<0.001) were found as significant predictors for increased physical activity. Conclusion: This study elaborates the need for awareness regarding possible barriers when counseling T2DM patients. Exercise remains one of the cheapest pillars of DM management, the benefits of which extend beyond glycemic control. However, as this study illustrates about 60% of patients with T2DM do not carry out the recommended exercise. This study also highlights the importance of physician advice regarding exercise. Behavioural causes seem to be the commonest barrier to exercise and hence strategies to target the same needs to be thought of.

Association of Objectively Measured Timing of Physical Activity Bouts With Cardiovascular Health in Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046-1054
Author(s):  
Jingyi Qian ◽  
Michael P. Walkup ◽  
Shyh-Huei Chen ◽  
Peter H. Brubaker ◽  
Dale S. Bond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Objectively Measured

The Role of Physiatrist in the Diabetes Healthcare Team

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Ramamoorthy Veyilmuthu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Primary Role

Abstract The physiatrist is an important member of the diabetes healthcare team. His/her primary role is to provide physical activity counselling for the diabetics after thorough evaluation. Exercise is a primary component of diabetes management together with diet plan and antidiabetic drugs. The physiatrist, with his/her background knowledge in exercise physiology, is the most appropriate person for this job. Regular exercise has been shown to improve blood glucose control, reduce cardiovascular risk factors, contribute to weight loss and improve well being. Furthermore, regular exercise may prevent type 2 diabetes in high risk individuals. Thus physical activity plays a pivotal role in health promotion and diabetes control. People with diabetes should be advised to perform at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity using ‘FITT Principle’. In the absence of contra-indications, people with type 2 diabetes should be encouraged to perform resistance training three times per week. DeLorme resistance exercise improves power, strength, endurance and burns more calories. Cross training is the term used to describe the use of a variety of activities during exercise. Interval training is the variation of intensity during one or more aerobic activities. Circuit training is the combination of aerobic exercise and weight training (anaerobic exercise). Before recommending a programme of physical activity, the physiatrist should assess diabetics for coronary artery disease and other complications of diabetes.

scholarly journals Physical Activity of Moderate Intensity and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A systematic review

Diabetes Care ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Jeon ◽  
R. P. Lokken ◽  
F. B. Hu ◽  
R. M. van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Moderate Intensity

scholarly journals Spoken Animated Self-Management Video Messages Aimed at Improving Physical Activity in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Interview Study

10.2196/15397 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. e15397
Author(s):  
Colette van het Schip ◽  
Kei Long Cheung ◽  
Stan Vluggen ◽  
Ciska Hoving ◽  
Nicolaas C Schaper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Behavior Change Techniques ◽  
Physically Active

Background Web-based tailored interventions are a promising approach to help people with type 2 diabetes successfully adopt regular physical activity. Spoken animation seems to be effective regardless of the characteristics of the user and may be a relevant strategy to communicate complex health information Objective The objectives of our study were to evaluate (1) pretesting communication elements and user appreciation, and (2) the applied behavior change techniques of the previously designed spoken animated video messages in a tailored self-management program for people with type 2 diabetes. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from general practices located in different socioeconomic status urban neighborhoods. Based on the pretesting key communication elements of Salazar’s model, we asked participants about the spoken animated video messages’ attractiveness, comprehensibility, acceptance, believability, involvement, and relevance and to what extent the video messages motivated them to become more physically active. We also assessed participants’ intention to use the spoken animated video messages and to recommend them to others. To evaluate participants’ appreciation of the different applied behavior change techniques, we conducted a post hoc analysis of the qualitative data using the MAXQDA program. Transcripts were coded by 2 coders using iterative qualitative content analysis methods to uncover key health communication issues. Results Of 23 patients who expressed an interest in participating, 17 met the inclusion criteria and 15 took part in the interviews. The positive appreciation of the comprehensibility, believability, and personalization was supported by participants’ statements on behavior change techniques and other communication elements. Reinforcement of and feedback on participants’ answers were positively evaluated as was the simplicity and concreteness of the spoken animated video messages. Most participants indicated reasons for not feeling motivated to increase their physical activity level, including being already sufficiently physically active and the presence of other impeding health factors. Conclusions Spoken animated video messages should be simple, short, concrete, and without the use of medical terminology. Providing positive reinforcement, feedback on participants’ answers, examples that match user characteristics, and the possibility to identify with the animation figures will enhance involvement in the health message. To connect more with patients’ needs and thereby increase the perceived relevance of and motivation to use an animated video program, we suggest offering the program soon after diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. We recommend piloting behavior change techniques to identify potential resistance.

Evidence-informed physical activity guidelines for Canadian adultsThis article is part of a supplement entitled Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines co-published by Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism and the Canadian Journal of Public Health. It may be cited as Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32(Suppl. 2E) or as Can. J. Public Health 98(Suppl. 2).

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (S2E) ◽  
pp. S16-S68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren E.R. Warburton ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Ryan E. Rhodes ◽  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines

This review of the literature provides an update on the scientific biological and psychosocial bases for Canada’s physical activity guide for healthy active living, with particular reference to the effect of physical activity on the health of adults aged 20–55 years. Existing physical activity guidelines for adults from around the world are summarized briefly and compared with the Canadian guidelines. The descriptive epidemiology of physical activity and inactivity in Canada is presented, and the strength of the relationship between physical activity and specific health outcomes is evaluated, with particular emphasis on minimal and optimal physical activity requirements. Finally, areas requiring further investigation are highlighted. Summarizing the findings, Canadian and most international physical activity guidelines advocate moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week. Physical activity appears to reduce the risk for over 25 chronic conditions, in particular coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, breast cancer, colon cancer, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis. Current literature suggests that if the entire Canadian population followed current physical activity guidelines, approximately one third of deaths related to coronary heart disease, one quarter of deaths related to stroke and osteoporosis, 20% of deaths related to colon cancer, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, and 14% of deaths related to breast cancer could be prevented. It also appears that the prevention of weight gain and the maintenance of weight loss require greater physical activity levels than current recommendations.

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