Reticulocyte changes after experimental anemia and erythropoietin treatment of horses

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cooper ◽  
W. Sears ◽  
D. Bienzle
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Erythroid Precursor ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Repeat Administration

Availability of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) has facilitated use to enhance red blood cell production, and therefore aerobic performance, in human and equine athletes. Recombinant human EPO promotes growth and differentiation of equine erythroid precursor cells, but in some horses repeat administration induces immune interference with endogenous EPO resulting in fatal anemia. Although blood reticulocyte parameters acquire unique changes in humans treated with EPO, with manual enumeration methods, horses were not considered to release reticulocytes from the bone marrow into circulation, even under severe erythropoietic stress. The goals of this study were to determine whether reticulocytes could be detected and characterized in horses that are anemic or have been treated with EPO using a modern hematology analyzer. Anemia was induced in six horses by removal of 30 ml of blood/kg of body wt over 24 h. After 28 days, the horses were treated twice with 55 U/kg of EPO (Eprex), and after 65 days they were treated thrice with 73 U/kg of EPO. Blood samples were analyzed with the ADVIA120 instrument every 3–5 days and bone marrow samples 7 days after anemia and EPO treatments. Analysis of blood reticulocyte parameters by ANOVA in a randomized complete block design determined that anemia and EPO induced significant ( P ≤ 0.05) increases in red cell distribution width and reticulocyte mean cell volume. Parameters changed only after EPO treatment were cellular hemoglobin concentration mean, mean cell volume, reticulocyte concentration, proportion of macrocytic reticulocytes, and reticulocyte cellular hemoglobin. These findings indicate that horses under erythropoietic stress and after EPO treatment release reticulocytes with unique characteristics into circulation.

scholarly journals Hematologic reference values of Vinaceous-breasted Amazon (Amazona vinacea)

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2135-2141
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rafaella Foletto da Silva ◽  
Patricia Pereira Serafini ◽  
Joice Reche Pedroso ◽  
Denise Pereira Leme ◽  
Vanessa Tavares Kanaan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Total Plasma Protein

ABSTRACT Avian hematologic reference intervals are useful tools to evaluate body homeostasis and diagnose diseases. However, there are few species-specific reference intervals published. The present study reports Vinaceous-breasted Amazon ( Amazona vinacea ) hematologic reference values obtained during the health status evaluation of release candidates as part of this species reintroduction efforts at the Araucárias National Park. Parameters reported are erythrogram (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), white cells total and differential (heterophiles, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes), thrombocytes and total plasma protein. For the first time results on RDW and thrombocytes were described and a larger sample size were provided for all parameters analyzed. Intervals demonstrated in the present study showed significant differences from those considered normal in other parrot species and consequently have contributed to bring valuable information to base actions for the conservation of this endangered species of great biological value.

Inflammatory cytokine inhibition of erythropoiesis in patients implanted with a mechanical circulatory assist device

Perfusion ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher N Pierce ◽  
Douglas F Larson
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Circulatory Assist Devices ◽  
Cytokine Inhibition ◽  
Normal Measure ◽  
The University

Mechanical circulatory assist devices (MCADs) are increasingly utilized independently of cardiac transplantation in the management of heart failure. Though MCAD use incorporates inherent mechanical risks, the inevitable onset of chronic anemia, with its associated morbidity and mortality, is also a significant concern. MCAD support has been correlated with elevated plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1b, and IL-6, which have separately been found to inhibit erythropoietin (Epo)-induced erythrocyte (RBC) maturation. Previous analysis of hematological parameters for MCAD-sup-ported patients concluded that an amplified inflammatory response impedes RBC proliferation and recovery from hemolytic anemia. Additional analysis may bolster this assertion. Hemoglobin concentration (HC), RBC distribution width (RDW), mean cell volume (MCV), and cardiac index were retrospectively analysed for 78 MCAD-supported patients implanted for greater than 30 days at the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center from 1996 to 2002. Analysis confirms that the HC, a conventional marker for anemia, declines with MCAD placement and remains below the clinically defined, minimum normal value. Inversely, the RDW rises above maximum normal measure, signifying an increased fraction of juvenile RBCs. The MCV remains unchanged and within normal limits, demonstrating adequate substrate for RBC formation. MCAD performance also stabilizes as adequate perfusion returns. These results further support our previously published conclusion that a sufficient response of erythropoiesis occurs in reaction to the onset of anemia by an increased production of immature RBCs. However, the cells never fully mature and join circulation. The patient’s inflammatory cytokine response to the implanted device most likely mediates the chronic MCAD-induced anemia by inhibition of Epo effects.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in murine erythropoiesis from birth to adulthood: implications for the study of murine models of anemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Lixiang Chen ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Christopher D. Hillyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Erythropoietic Activity ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Newborn Mice ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Cell Parameters

Abstract Liver, spleen, and bone marrow are 3 key erythropoietic tissues in mammals. In the mouse, the liver is the predominant site of erythropoiesis during fetal development, the spleen responds to stress erythropoiesis, and the bone marrow is involved in maintaining homeostatic erythropoiesis in adults. However, the dynamic changes and respective contributions of the erythropoietic activity of these tissues from birth to adulthood are incompletely defined. Using C57BL/6 mice, we systematically examined the age-dependent changes in liver, spleen, and bone marrow erythropoiesis following birth. In addition to bone marrow, the liver and spleen of newborn mice sustain an active erythropoietic activity that is gradually lost during first few weeks of life. While the erythropoietic activity of the liver is lost 1 week after birth, that of the spleen is maintained for 7 weeks until the erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow is sufficient to sustain steady-state adult erythropoiesis. Measurement of the red cell parameters demonstrates that these postnatal dynamic changes are reflected by varying indices of circulating red cells. While the red cell numbers, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit progressively increase after birth and reach steady-state levels by week 7, reticulocyte counts decrease during this time period. Mean cell volume and mean cell hemoglobin progressively decrease and reach steady state by week 3. Our findings provide comprehensive insights into developmental changes of murine erythropoiesis postnatally and have significant implications for the appropriate interpretation of findings from the variety of murine models used in the study of normal and disordered erythropoiesis.

Hematologic Features of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Llamas

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Morin ◽  
F. B. Garry ◽  
M. G. Weiser ◽  
M. J. Fettman ◽  
L. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Parenteral Iron

Iron deficiency anemia was identified and characterized in three 14 to 29-month-old male llamas (llama Nos. 1–3) from separate herds in Colorado. The identification of iron deficiency anemia was based on hypoferremia (serum iron = 20–60 μg/dl), erythrocytic features, and hematologic response to iron therapy. The anemia was moderate and nonregenerative and characterized by erythrocyte hypochromia, microcytosis (mean cell volume = 15–18 fl), and decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (36.0–41.0 g/dl). Morphologic features unique to llamas with iron deficiency anemia included irregular distribution of hypochromia within erythrocytes and increased folded cells and dacryocytes. The cause of iron deficiency was not determined. The llamas were treated with various doses and schedules of parenteral iron dextran. Two of the llamas were monitored for up to 14 months after the start of iron therapy and experienced increases in hematocrit and mean cell volume values. In one llama, progressive replacement of microcytic cells with normal cells was visualized on sequential erythrocyte volume distribution histograms following iron therapy.

scholarly journals Bok Promotes Erythropoiesis in a Mouse Model of Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 922-922
Author(s):  
Seong-Ho Kang ◽  
Oscar Perales ◽  
Michael Michuad ◽  
Samuel G. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Erythroid Progenitors ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract BCL-2 Ovarian Killer (BOK) is a pro-apoptotic member of the BCL-2 family of proteins best characterized for its putative ability to induce apoptosis in response to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress, when stabilized from ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Although ER stress appropriately activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) in BOK-disrupted cells, as measured by PERK and eIF2-alpha phosphorylation, downstream effector signaling, including ATF4 and CHOP, is defective. A functional role for BOK as a tumor suppressor is suggested by its genetic location in one of the 20 most frequent, focally deleted chromosomal regions across all human cancers. To evaluate the consequences of BOK loss in the pathogenesis of myelodysplasia (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), we used the Nup98-HoxD13 (NHD13) transgenic mouse model of MDS/AML. In this model, both overexpression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and deletion of pro-apoptotic PUMA rescue cytopenias, but surprisingly delay progression to AML. In contrast, AML developed in 36.7% of NHD13 mice lacking BOK between the age of 8 and 13 months with a similar overall survival to the NHD13 mice. However, the loss of BOK exacerbated the anemia of the NHD13 mice, which raised a potential connection between BOK and the regulation of erythropoiesis in cells experiencing stress from the NHD13 translocation. NHD13 mice deficient for BOK exhibited significantly lower hemoglobin (Hb), lower mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and higher mean cell volume (MCV) than NHD13 mice, whereas other lineages were unaffected. Mouse colony forming unit assays revealed there is a decreased amount of erythroid progenitor stem cells (BFU-E) in the bone marrow of NHD13-transgenic/BOK-deficient mice, which hinted at a diminished ability to produce RBCs in the absence of BOK. Isolation of various stages of erythroid progenitors in the bone marrow by CD44/TER119 FACS sorting revealed that both NHD13 and NHD13-transgenic/BOK-deficient mice have an increase in proerythroblasts relative to more mature red blood cells. Preliminary RT-QPCR analysis shows decreased expression of UPR components in the RBC progenitors of both BOK-deficient and NHD13-transgenic/BOK-deficient mice. Interestingly, CHOP is not only a component of the UPR, but also an erythropoietin target gene necessary for erythroid differentiation. These results suggest that in addition to its pro-apoptotic function, BOK may have other regulatory roles within the cell, and specifically a role in regulating erythropoiesis when certain RBC progenitors experience ER stress. Disclosures Katz: Gene-in-Cell: Equity Ownership.

scholarly journals The hematological parameters in clinically normal Iraqi local breed goats

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
AH. H. AL-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Local Breed ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mean Cell Hemoglobin

     The aim of the present work is to determine the hematological parameters in clinically normal local breed goats. The study was conducted on 130 goats (40 males of them 20 bucks and 20 buck kids and 90 females of them 20 doe kids, 20 dry does, 25 pregnant and 25 lactating does) aged 6 months-4 years in AL-Najaf province-Iraq. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein into EDTA tubes during October 2013 untill February 2014. Results showed that the ranges and means ±SE of blood picture were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 26-40% and 31.8±0.32%, Hemoglobin (Hb) 8-14.3g/dL and 10.3±0.13 g/dL, Red blood cell (RBC) 10.6-17×106/μL and 13.3±0.14×106/μL, Mean cell volume (MCV) 18.4-32.5 fL and 23.9±0.14 fL, Mean cell Hemoglobin (MCH) 5.5-8.8 and 7.7±0.05 pg, Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 28.3-36.9 g/dL and  32.4±0.15 g/dL, Erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) 1-10 mm/ 24h and 4.1±0.14 mm/ 24h, White blood cell count (WBC) 5500-15900/μL and 10732±242/μL, Lymphocyte (L) 2772-10172/μL and 6080±149 /Μl, neutrophils (N) 1863-8680/μL and 4112±121/μL, monocytes 57.0-622/μL and313±11/μL, eosinophil’s 0-918/μL and 222±14/μL, basophils 0±0/μL and 0±0/μL, L/N ratio 0.4-3.8 and 1.5±0.04, respectively. There was a significant (P<0.05) increase in PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC and no difference in ESR,WBC, DLC and L/N ratio between males and females. However, significant (P<0.05) differences in most hematological parameters of sub groups have been recorded. In conclusion the present data recorded the reference values of hematological parameters in clinically healthy local breed goats with a significant difference between males and females as well as in normal subgroups.

Electronic Measurement of Erythrocyte Volume and Volume Heterogeneity in Horses During Erythrocyte Regeneration Associated with Experimental Anemias

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Radin ◽  
M. C. Eubank ◽  
M. G. Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Cell Distribution Width ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Erythrocyte Volume ◽  
Group I ◽  
Change In Mean

Anemia was induced in three groups of horses by moderate or severe acute hemorrhage, or by acetyl phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis (Groups I, II, and III, respectively). Serial hemograms were done on a multichannel automated blood cell counter with histogram capability. Changes in hematocrit, mean cell volume, erythrocyte number, red cell distribution width (RDW), and standard deviation of erythrocyte volume were examined over time. Significant increases in mean cell volume were first detectable by days 17, 20, and 14 and reached maximum by days 43, 41, and 29, in Groups I, II, and III, respectively ( P < 0.05). Increased mean cell volume was interpreted as reflecting accelerated erythrocyte regeneration; however, not all horses with accelerated regeneration had changes in mean cell volume. Estimated erythrocyte production rate correlated poorly with hematocrit nadir and change in mean cell volume ( r = 0.37 and r = 0.36, respectively, P > 0.05). In some horses effective regeneration occurs without development of macrocytosis. Mean cell volume remained increased after other parameters returned to control values, suggesting that mean cell volume values may provide retrospective evidence of altered erythrocyte turnover. Anisocytosis as indicated by significant increases in the standard deviation was greatest during the early part of the regenerative response, reaching maximum values on days 30, 28, and 21 in Groups I, II, and III, respectively, and began to decrease as homogeneous repopulation with macrocytes occurred. Red cell distribution width increased significantly only in severe hemorrhage and hemolysis groups, reaching mean maximum values of 24.3 on day 20 and of 26.4 on day 21 in Groups II and III, respectively ( P < 0.05). Red cell distribution width did not detect increased erythrocyte volume heterogeneity in Group I.

Red Cell Distribution Width With Clinical Significance of B12 Deficiency Anaemia: A Mini Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Surajit
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Red Cell Distribution Width ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
B12 Deficiency

The occurrence of megaloblasts in the bone marrow characterizes megaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia is the result of folate and vitamin B12 deficiency in many cases. It is either caused due to nutritional deficiency of folates or due to its malabsorption. Usually accompanied by leukopenia or thrombocytopenia, this disease is characterized by megaloblastic bone marrow morphology along with myeloid, erythroid or platelet precursors. In this kind of anemia, the mature erythrocytes have abnormal shapes and are of various sizes. As a result, their Mean Cell Volume (MCV) is much greater than normal and Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is also deviated from normal level. Thus, in routine hematological procedure MCV, RDW needs to be thoroughly investigated, as it may be a useful indicator in diagnosis of suspected megaloblastic anemia with related oral manifestations, secondary to Vitamin B12 malabsorption, which thereby guides the further management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis in the Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Olga Aniołek ◽  
Agnieszka Barc ◽  
Anna Jarosińska ◽  
Zdzisław Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Smear ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Preventative Care ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Red Blood Cell Distribution

Microcytosis is observed in healthy Japanese breed dogs. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency and intensity of asymptomatic anisocytosis using a three-grade scale in Japanese dog breeds with special emphasis on the following indices: mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell distribution width. The retrospective study included analyses of blood morphology and blood smear for clinically healthy Japanese dog breeds Shiba, Akita, and Hokkaido aged from 6 months to 14 years, performed as a part of preventative care. A total of 74 dogs of both sexes were qualified for the study. The group included both neutered and non-neutered animals (Akita – 17 females, 12 males, Shiba – 24 females, 18 males, Hokkaido – 2 females, 1 male). The blood smear revealed significant anisocytosis in 60.8% and mild anisocytosis in 28.4% of the tested dogs – 89.2% in total. Microcytosis was reported for 25.7% of the tested Japanese breed dogs. Reduced mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were diagnosed in 75.7% and 40.5% of dogs, respectively. Red blood cell distribution width as an anisocytosis indicator exceeded the norm in 12% of the tested dogs. Compared to mixed breed dogs, the Japanese breeds had a reduced mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration and significant anisocytosis in the blood smear as well as a higher red blood cell distribution width indicator. Veterinarians should consider these differences when interpreting the results of morphological blood tests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document