Deficits in lung alveolarization and function after systemic maternal inflammation and neonatal hyperoxia exposure

Systemic maternal inflammation contributes to preterm birth and is associated with development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Infants with BPD exhibit decreased alveolarization, diffuse interstitial fibrosis with thickened alveolar septa, and impaired pulmonary function. We tested the hypothesis that systemic prenatal LPS administration to pregnant mice followed by postnatal hyperoxia exposure is associated with prolonged alterations in pulmonary structure and function after return to room air (RA) that are more severe than hyperoxia exposure alone. Timed-pregnant C3H/HeN mice were dosed with LPS (80 μg/kg) or saline on gestation day 16. Newborn pups were exposed to RA or 85% O2 for 14 days and then to RA for an additional 14 days. Data were collected and analyzed on postnatal days 14 and 28. The combination of prenatal LPS and postnatal hyperoxia exposure generated a phenotype with more inflammation (measured as no. of macrophages per high-power field) than either insult alone at day 28. The combined exposures were associated with a diffuse fibrotic response [measured as hydroxyproline content (μg)] but did not induce a more severe developmental arrest than hyperoxia alone. Pulmonary function tests indicated that hyperoxia, independent of maternal exposure, induced compliance decreases on day 14 that did not persist after RA recovery. Either treatment alone or combined induced an increase in resistance on day 14, but the increase persisted on day 28 only in pups receiving the combined treatment. In conclusion, the combination of systemic maternal inflammation and neonatal hyperoxia induced a prolonged phenotype of arrested alveolarization, diffuse fibrosis, and impaired lung mechanics that mimics human BPD. This new model should be useful in designing studies of specific mechanisms and interventions that could ultimately be utilized to define therapies to prevent BPD in premature infants.

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Pulmonary Function of Young Muslim Males During the Month of Ramadan

American Journal of Men s Health ◽

10.1177/1557988316643292 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 828-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anindita Singha Roy ◽

Amit Bandyopadhyay

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Body Height ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Normal Range ◽

History Of ◽

And Function

During the month of Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF), both dietary and sleep patterns are adversely affected to cope with the rituals of Ramadan. Literature suggests that sleep deprivation and alteration of dietary pattern and nutritional impairment affect the pulmonary structure and function. Pulmonary function during RIF was not explored earlier. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RIF on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in healthy young Muslim males. Fifty sedentary nonsmoking healthy young Muslim male individuals of 20 to 25 years of age without any history of pulmonary or other major diseases were recruited by simple random sampling from different parts of Kolkata, India. Participants completed the American Thoracic Society questionnaire to record their personal demographic data, health status, and consent to participate in the study. Expirograph and peak flow meter were used to record the pulmonary function parameters (PFTs). PFTs were within the normal range and did not show any significant variation during the RIF. Body height and body mass depicted significant correlation ( p < .05, p < .001) with PFTs. Tidal volume, vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate had significant correlation ( p < .05, p < .01, p < .001) with age. Simple and multiple regression equations were computed to predict PFTs in the studies population. RIF did not affect the normal range of PFTs in young Muslim males of Kolkata, India. Standard errors of estimate of the computed regression equations were substantially small enough to recommend these equations as norms to predict the PFTs in the studied population.

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Assessing regional lung mechanics by combining electrical impedance tomography and forced oscillation technique

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik ◽

10.1515/bmt-2016-0196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 673-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chuong Ngo ◽

Sarah Spagnesi ◽

Carlos Munoz ◽

Sylvia Lehmann ◽

Thomas Vollmer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽

High Frequency ◽

Electrical Impedance ◽

Forced Oscillation ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Lung Mechanics ◽

Forced Oscillation Technique ◽

Impedance Tomography ◽

Regional Lung

Abstract There is a lack of noninvasive pulmonary function tests which can assess regional information of the lungs. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a radiation-free, non-invasive real-time imaging that provides regional information of ventilation volume regarding the measurement of electrical impedance distribution. Forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a pulmonary function test which is based on the measurement of respiratory mechanical impedance over a frequency range. In this article, we introduce a new measurement approach by combining FOT and EIT, named the oscillatory electrical impedance tomography (oEIT). Our oEIT measurement system consists of a valve-based FOT device, an EIT device, pressure and flow sensors, and a computer fusing the data streams. Measurements were performed on five healthy volunteers at the frequencies 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, and 20 Hz. The measurements suggest that the combination of FOT and EIT is a promising approach. High frequency responses are visible in the derivative of the global impedance index $\Delta {Z_{{\text{eit}}}}(t,{f_{{\text{os}}}}).$ The oEIT signals consist of three main components: forced oscillation, spontaneous breathing, and heart activity. The amplitude of the oscillation component decreases with increasing frequency. The band-pass filtered oEIT signal might be a new tool in regional lung function diagnostics, since local responses to high frequency perturbation could be distinguished between different lung regions.

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DHA suppresses chronic apoptosis in the lung caused by perinatal inflammation

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00137.2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 309 (5) ◽

pp. L441-L448 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mehboob Ali ◽

Kathryn M. Heyob ◽

Markus Velten ◽

Trent E. Tipple ◽

Lynette K. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Notch Signaling ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Notch Pathway ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Caspase 9 ◽

Hyperoxia Exposure ◽

Neonatal Hyperoxia ◽

Parp 1 ◽

Lps Treatment

We have previously shown that an adverse perinatal environment significantly alters lung growth and development and results in persistently altered cardiopulmonary physiology in adulthood. Our model of maternal LPS treatment followed by 14 days of neonatal hyperoxia exposure causes severe pulmonary disease characterized by permanent decreases in alveolarization and diffuse interstitial fibrosis. The current investigations tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of Notch signaling pathways contributes to the permanently altered lung phenotype in our model and that the improvements we have observed previously with maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation are mediated through normalization of Notch-related protein expression. Results indicated that inflammation (IL-6 levels) and oxidation (F2a-isoprostanes) persisted through 8 wk of life in mice exposed to LPS/O2 perinatally. These changes were attenuated by maternal DHA supplementation. Modest but inconsistent differences were observed in Notch-pathway proteins Jagged 1, DLL 1, PEN2, and presenilin-2. We detected substantial increases in markers of apoptosis including PARP-1, APAF-1, caspase-9, BCL2, and HMGB1, and these increases were attenuated in mice that were nursed by DHA-supplemented dams during the perinatal period. Although Notch signaling is not significantly altered at 8 wk of age in mice with perinatal exposure to LPS/O2, our findings indicate that persistent apoptosis continues to occur at 8 wk of age. We speculate that ongoing apoptosis may contribute to persistently altered lung development and may further enhance susceptibility to additional pulmonary disease. Finally, we found that maternal DHA supplementation prevented sustained inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis in our model.

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Small Airways Disease is a Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

10.1101/2021.05.27.21257944 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Josalyn L Cho ◽

Raul Villacreses ◽

Prashant Nagpal ◽

Junfeng Guo ◽

Alejandro A Pezzulo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Supervised Machine Learning ◽

Small Airways ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Quantitative Ct ◽

Air Trapping ◽

The Mean ◽

And Function

Background The sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pulmonary structure and function remain incompletely characterized. Methods Adults with confirmed COVID-19 who remained symptomatic more than thirty days following diagnosis were enrolled and classified as ambulatory, hospitalized or requiring the intensive care unit (ICU) based on the highest level of care received during acute infection. Symptoms, pulmonary function tests and chest computed tomography (CT) findings were compared across groups and to healthy controls. CT images were quantitatively analyzed using supervised machine-learning to measure regional ground glass opacities (GGO) and image-matching to measure regional air trapping. Comparisons were performed using univariate analyses and multivariate linear regression. Results Of the 100 patients enrolled, 67 were in the ambulatory group. All groups commonly reported cough and dyspnea. Pulmonary function testing revealed restrictive physiology in the hospitalized and ICU groups but was normal in the ambulatory group. Among hospitalized and ICU patients, the mean percent of total lung classified as GGO was 13.2% and 28.7%, respectively, and was higher than in ambulatory patients (3.7%, P<0.001). The mean percentage of total lung affected by air trapping was 25.4%, 34.5% and 27.2% in the ambulatory, hospitalized and ICU groups and 7.3% in healthy controls (P<0.001). Air trapping measured by quantitative CT correlated with the residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV/TLC; ρ =0.6, P<0.001). Conclusions Air trapping is present in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and is independent of initial infection severity, suggesting obstruction at the level of the small airways. The long-term consequences are not known.

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Comparison of pulmonary function tests in urban and rural children of Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170634 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 908 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manoj Tukaram Jiwtode ◽

Premanand Ramkrishna Raikar

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Prediction Equation ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Rural Children ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Function Tests ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Function

Background: Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are considered as an essential component for evaluation of lung functions. PFTs are influenced by various parameters like anthropometric, geographic, ethnic, socio-economic parameters. Anthropological parameters are affected by nutrition and physical activities in young age, which directly affect the lung size and function. The aim of this study was to compare PFTs in urban and rural children of same district and to find out significant difference, if any.Methods: It was observational study. 150 each healthy children in the age group of 10 to 14 years were selected from urban and rural schools. After recording anthropometric data, PFTs were measured in all the children of both the groups. PFTs were compared among urban and rural children using unpaired t-test.Results: All the independent variables like age, weight and height were having linear positive correlation with PFTs (p<0.05). On comparing PFTs like Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV), Forced Expiratory Volume at the end of one second (FEV1), Percentage of Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1%) between rural and urban children no statistically significant difference was noted (p>0.05)., but Peak Flow Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was significantly more (p<0.05) in rural than urban students.Conclusions: We can conclude that during measurement of PFTs especially PEFR in children, the factor of urban and rural background must be considered in prediction equation.

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Systemic Maternal Inflammation And Neonatal Hyperoxia Induces Persistent Alterations In Pulmonary Structure And Function

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3897 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Markus Velten ◽

Kathryn M. Heyob ◽

Lynette K. Rogers ◽

Stephen E. Welty

Keyword(s):

Structure And Function ◽

Maternal Inflammation ◽

And Function ◽

Neonatal Hyperoxia

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Pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung fibrosis, and lung iron deposition in thalassaemia major

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thx.56.9.737 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 737-739

Author(s):

E Zakynthinos ◽

T Vassilakopoulos ◽

P Kaltsas ◽

E Malagari ◽

Z Daniil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Lung Fibrosis ◽

Interstitial Fibrosis ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Thalassaemia Major ◽

Pulmonary Infections ◽

High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽

Restrictive Lung Disease ◽

Restrictive Pattern

Although restrictive lung disease is the predominant abnormality of pulmonary function in patients with thalassaemia major (TM), its aetiology and its association with pulmonary hypertension (PH) detected in some patients with TM remains unknown. We report a patient with TM, iron overload, frequent pulmonary infections, and progressive severe precapillary PH over the previous 5 years. A severe restrictive pattern and interstitial lung fibrosis were revealed by pulmonary function tests and high resolution computed tomography, respectively. This presentation suggests that interstitial fibrosis may complicate lung involvement in TM and can significantly contribute to the development of PH.

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