Changes in the spatiotemporal pattern of spontaneous activity across a cortical column after noise trauma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Parameshwarappa ◽  
Laurent Pezard ◽  
Arnaud Jean Norena
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Cortical Column ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Noise Trauma

In the auditory modality, noise trauma has often been used to investigate cortical plasticity as it causes cochlear hearing loss. One limitation of these past studies, however, is that the effects of noise trauma have been mostly documented at the granular layer, which is the main cortical recipient of thalamic inputs. Importantly, the cortex is composed of six different layers each having its own pattern of connectivity and specific role in sensory processing. The present study aims at investigating the effects of acute and chronic noise trauma on the laminar pattern of spontaneous activity in primary auditory cortex of the anesthetized guinea pig. We show that spontaneous activity is dramatically altered across cortical layers after acute and chronic noise-induced hearing loss. First, spontaneous activity was globally enhanced across cortical layers, both in terms of firing rate and amplitude of spike-triggered average of local field potentials. Second, current source density on (spontaneous) spike-triggered average of local field potentials indicates that current sinks develop in the supra- and infragranular layers. These latter results suggest that supragranular layers become a major input recipient and that the propagation of spontaneous activity over a cortical column is greatly enhanced after acute and chronic noise-induced hearing loss. We discuss the possible mechanisms and functional implications of these changes.

scholarly journals Beyond resting state neuronal avalanches in the somatosensory barrel cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Mariani ◽  
Giorgio Nicoletti ◽  
Marta Bisio ◽  
Marta Maschietto ◽  
Roberto Oboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
The One ◽  
Neuronal Avalanches ◽  
The Brain

Since its first experimental signatures, the so called "critical brain hypothesis" has been extensively studied. Yet, its actual foundations remain elusive. According to a widely accepted teleological reasoning, the brain would be poised to a critical state to optimize the mapping of the noisy and ever changing real-world inputs, thus suggesting that primary sensory cortical areas should be critical. We investigated whether a single barrel column of the somatosensory cortex of the anesthetized rat displays a critical behavior. Neuronal avalanches were recorded across all cortical layers in terms of both spikes and population local field potentials, and their behavior during spontaneous activity compared to the one evoked by a controlled single whisker deflection. By applying a maximum likelihood statistical method based on timeseries undersampling to fit the avalanches distributions, we show that neuronal avalanches are power law distributed for both spikes and local field potentials during spontaneous activity, with exponents that are spread along a scaling line. Instead, after the tactile stimulus, activity switches to an across-layers synchronization mode that appears to dominate during cortical representation of the single sensory input.

scholarly journals Acute and Long-Term Effects of Noise Exposure on the Neuronal Spontaneous Activity in Cochlear Nucleus and Inferior Colliculus Brain Slices

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Gröschel ◽  
Jana Ryll ◽  
Romy Götze ◽  
Arne Ernst ◽  
Dietmar Basta
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Inferior Colliculus ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Noise Trauma

Noise exposure leads to an immediate hearing loss and is followed by a long-lasting permanent threshold shift, accompanied by changes of cellular properties within the central auditory pathway. Electrophysiological recordings have demonstrated an upregulation of spontaneous neuronal activity. It is still discussed if the observed effects are related to changes of peripheral input or evoked within the central auditory system. The present study should describe the intrinsic temporal patterns of single-unit activity upon noise-induced hearing loss of the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus (DCN and VCN) and the inferior colliculus (IC) in adult mouse brain slices. Recordings showed a slight, but significant, elevation in spontaneous firing rates in DCN and VCN immediately after noise trauma, whereas no differences were found in IC. One week postexposure, neuronal responses remained unchanged compared to controls. At 14 days after noise trauma, intrinsic long-term hyperactivity in brain slices of the DCN and the IC was detected for the first time. Therefore, increase in spontaneous activity seems to develop within the period of two weeks, but not before day 7. The results give insight into the complex temporal neurophysiological alterations after noise trauma, leading to a better understanding of central mechanisms in noise-induced hearing loss.

scholarly journals Inferring Spike Trains From Local Field Potentials

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1461-1476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte J. Rasch ◽  
Arthur Gretton ◽  
Yusuke Murayama ◽  
Wolfgang Maass ◽  
Nikos K. Logothetis
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spike Trains ◽  
Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Spiking Activity

We investigated whether it is possible to infer spike trains solely on the basis of the underlying local field potentials (LFPs). Using support vector machines and linear regression models, we found that in the primary visual cortex (V1) of monkeys, spikes can indeed be inferred from LFPs, at least with moderate success. Although there is a considerable degree of variation across electrodes, the low-frequency structure in spike trains (in the 100-ms range) can be inferred with reasonable accuracy, whereas exact spike positions are not reliably predicted. Two kinds of features of the LFP are exploited for prediction: the frequency power of bands in the high γ-range (40–90 Hz) and information contained in low-frequency oscillations (<10 Hz), where both phase and power modulations are informative. Information analysis revealed that both features code (mainly) independent aspects of the spike-to-LFP relationship, with the low-frequency LFP phase coding for temporally clustered spiking activity. Although both features and prediction quality are similar during seminatural movie stimuli and spontaneous activity, prediction performance during spontaneous activity degrades much more slowly with increasing electrode distance. The general trend of data obtained with anesthetized animals is qualitatively mirrored in that of a more limited data set recorded in V1 of non-anesthetized monkeys. In contrast to the cortical field potentials, thalamic LFPs (e.g., LFPs derived from recordings in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus) hold no useful information for predicting spiking activity.

ANATOMICALLY-CONSTRAINED EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY AMONG LAYERS IN A CORTICAL COLUMN MODELED AND ESTIMATED FROM LOCAL FIELD POTENTIALS

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 355-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERTO C. SOTERO ◽  
ALEKSANDRA BORTEL ◽  
RAMÓN MARTÍNEZ-CANCINO ◽  
SUJAYA NEUPANE ◽  
PETER O'CONNOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Cortical Column

scholarly journals Neuronal Avalanches Across the Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex and the Effect of Single Whisker Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetta Mariani ◽  
Giorgio Nicoletti ◽  
Marta Bisio ◽  
Marta Maschietto ◽  
Roberto Oboe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
The One ◽  
Neuronal Avalanches ◽  
The Brain

Since its first experimental signatures, the so called “critical brain hypothesis” has been extensively studied. Yet, its actual foundations remain elusive. According to a widely accepted teleological reasoning, the brain would be poised to a critical state to optimize the mapping of the noisy and ever changing real-world inputs, thus suggesting that primary sensory cortical areas should be critical. We investigated whether a single barrel column of the somatosensory cortex of the anesthetized rat displays a critical behavior. Neuronal avalanches were recorded across all cortical layers in terms of both multi-unit activities and population local field potentials, and their behavior during spontaneous activity compared to the one evoked by a controlled single whisker deflection. By applying a maximum likelihood statistical method based on timeseries undersampling to fit the avalanches distributions, we show that neuronal avalanches are power law distributed for both multi-unit activities and local field potentials during spontaneous activity, with exponents that are spread along a scaling line. Instead, after the tactile stimulus, activity switches to a transient across-layers synchronization mode that appears to dominate the cortical representation of the single sensory input.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal evolution of focal epileptiform activity from surface and laminar field recordings in cat neocortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 2068-2081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hank Bink ◽  
Madineh Sedigh-Sarvestani ◽  
Ivan Fernandez-Lamo ◽  
Lohith Kini ◽  
Hoameng Ung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Epileptic Focus ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Spatial Spread

New devices that use targeted electrical stimulation to treat refractory localization-related epilepsy have shown great promise, although it is not well known which targets most effectively prevent the initiation and spread of seizures. To better understand how the brain transitions from healthy to seizing on a local scale, we induced focal epileptiform activity in the visual cortex of five anesthetized cats with local application of the GABAA blocker picrotoxin while simultaneously recording local field potentials on a high-resolution electrocorticography array and laminar depth probes. Epileptiform activity appeared in the form of isolated events, revealing a consistent temporal pattern of ictogenesis across animals with interictal events consistently preceding the appearance of seizures. Based on the number of spikes per event, there was a natural separation between seizures and shorter interictal events. Two distinct spatial regions were seen: an epileptic focus that grew in size as activity progressed, and an inhibitory surround that exhibited a distinct relationship with the focus both on the surface and in the depth of the cortex. Epileptiform activity in the cortical laminae was seen concomitant with activity on the surface. Focus spikes appeared earlier on electrodes deeper in the cortex, suggesting that deep cortical layers may be integral to recruiting healthy tissue into the epileptic network and could be a promising target for interventional devices. Our study may inform more effective therapies to prevent seizure generation and spread in localization-related epilepsies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We induced local epileptiform activity and recorded continuous, high-resolution local field potentials from the surface and depth of the visual cortex in anesthetized cats. Our results reveal a consistent pattern of ictogenesis, characterize the spatial spread of the epileptic focus and its relationship with the inhibitory surround, and show that focus activity within events appears earliest in deeper cortical layers. These findings have potential implications for the monitoring and treatment of refractory epilepsy.

scholarly journals Altered Emotional Phenotypes in Chronic Kidney Disease Following 5/6 Nephrectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Yeon Hee Yu ◽  
Seong-Wook Kim ◽  
Dae-Kyoon Park ◽  
Ho-Yeon Song ◽  
Duk-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Local Field ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Local Field Potentials ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Field Potentials ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Rat Models

Increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and neurological disorders including cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment, peripheral neuropathy, and dysfunction of central nervous system have been reported during the natural history of CKD. Psychological distress and depression are serious concerns in patients with CKD. However, the relevance of CKD due to decline in renal function and the pathophysiology of emotional deterioration is not clear. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham control, 5/6 nephrectomy at 4 weeks, and 5/6 nephrectomy at 10 weeks. Behavior tests, local field potentials, and histology and laboratory tests were conducted and investigated. We provided direct evidence showing that CKD rat models exhibited anxiogenic behaviors and depression-like phenotypes, along with altered hippocampal neural oscillations at 1–12 Hz. We generated CKD rat models by performing 5/6 nephrectomy, and identified higher level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in CKD rats than in wild-type, depending on time. In addition, the level of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I for renal tissue was markedly elevated, with worsening fibrosis due to renal failures. The level of anxiety and depression-like behaviors increased in the 10-week CKD rat models compared with the 4-week rat models. In the recording of local field potentials, the power of delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–7 Hz), and alpha rhythm (7–12 Hz) was significantly increased in the hippocampus of CKD rats compared with wild-type rats. Together, our findings indicated that anxiogenic behaviors and depression can be induced by CKD, and these abnormal symptoms can be worsened as the onset of CKD was prolonged. In conclusion, our results show that the hippocampus is vulnerable to uremia.

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