scholarly journals Activation of CRF2 receptor increases gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 2636-2642
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Amanda J. Page
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Gastric Function ◽  
Crf2 Receptor ◽  
Vagal Afferent

Gastric vagal afferent (GVA) sensing of food-related mechanical stimuli is a crucial mechanism in the control of feeding behavior and gastric function. Stress is an important factor contributing to eating disorders and gastric diseases. Chronic stress has been shown to increase the mechanosensitivity of GVAs in mice and to reduce food intake and body weight. Whether the mechanosensitivity of GVAs is modulated by stress hormones is not known. This study aimed to determine the effect of stress hormones on GVA mechanosensitivity. The expression of stress hormone receptors in GVA cell bodies was determined in 8-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice using quantitative RT-PCR combined with laser capture microdissection. The mechanosensitivity of GVAs was determined in the absence and presence of stress hormones using an in vitro single-fiber recording preparation. NR3C1 and CRHR2 (mRNA isoforms of glucocorticoid receptor and CRF2 receptor, respectively) were expressed in GVA neurons. The glucocorticoid receptor agonist corticosterone had no effect on the mechanosensitivity of either tension or mucosal GVAs. Activation of CRF2 receptor by its specific analog, urocortin 3, significantly increased the mechanosensitivity of both tension and mucosal GVAs, an effect prevented by the CRF2 receptor antagonist astressin 2B. In conclusion, activation of CRF2 receptor increases the mechanosensitivity of GVAs. This may contribute to the stress- and CRF2 receptor-associated changes in feeding behavior and gastric function, possibly contributing to the hypersensitivity of GVAs in chronic stress conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) relay food-related signals to the central nervous system, where they are processed, eventually leading to modulation of food intake and gastric function. GVA signaling can be modulated by an array of hormones. Stress has been shown to induce GVA hypersensitivity. This study demonstrates that GVA neurons express subtypes of stress hormone receptors, specifically CRF2. Furthermore, activation of CRF2 receptor increases GVA mechanosensitivity, which could have implications for food intake and gastric function.

scholarly journals The influence of stress hormones and aggression on cooperative behaviour in subordinate meerkats

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1863) ◽  
pp. 20171248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Dantzer ◽  
Ines Braga Goncalves ◽  
Helen C. Spence-Jones ◽  
Nigel C. Bennett ◽  
Michael Heistermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Suricata Suricatta

In cooperative breeders, aggression from dominant breeders directed at subordinates may raise subordinate stress hormone (glucocorticoid) concentrations. This may benefit dominants by suppressing subordinate reproduction but it is uncertain whether aggression from dominants can elevate subordinate cooperative behaviour, or how resulting changes in subordinate glucocorticoid concentrations affect their cooperative behaviour. We show here that the effects of manipulating glucocorticoid concentrations in wild meerkats ( Suricata suricatta ) on cooperative behaviour varied between cooperative activities as well as between the sexes. Subordinates of both sexes treated with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist (mifepristone) exhibited significantly more pup protection behaviour (babysitting) compared to those treated with glucocorticoids (cortisol) or controls. Females treated with mifepristone had a higher probability of exhibiting pup food provisioning (pup-feeding) compared to those treated with cortisol. In males, there were no treatment effects on the probability of pup-feeding, but those treated with cortisol gave a higher proportion of the food they found to pups than those treated with mifepristone. Using 19 years of behavioural data, we also show that dominant females did not increase the frequency with which they directed aggression at subordinates at times when the need for assistance was highest. Our results suggest that it is unlikely that dominant females manipulate the cooperative behaviour of subordinates through the effects of aggression on their glucocorticoid levels and that the function of aggression directed at subordinates is probably to reduce the probability they will breed.

Effects of neurosecretory protein GL on food intake and fat accumulation under different dietary nutrient compositions in rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Fukumura ◽  
Kenshiro Shikano ◽  
Yuaki Narimatsu ◽  
Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽  
Megumi Furumitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mass Gain ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽  
Body Mass Gain ◽  
Sucrose Diet

Abstract We recently identified a novel hypothalamic small protein, named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), which is involved in energy homeostasis in birds and mammals. However, whether the action of NPGL is influenced by nutritional composition remains unknown. Thus, we investigated the effect of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of NPGL for 13 days on feeding behavior and body mass gain under a normal chow diet (NC), high-fat diet, high-sucrose diet (HSD), and medium-fat/medium-sucrose diet (MFSD) in rats. NPGL stimulated food intake of NC and MFSD, especially during the light period. By contrast, NPGL decreased body mass gain under NC and increased total white adipose tissue mass in HSD- and MFSD-fed rats. These data suggest that the effects of NPGL on feeding behavior, body mass gain, and fat accumulation depend on nutrient type. Among them, sucrose in diets seems to contribute to fat accumulation elicited by NPGL.

scholarly journals Combinatorial actions of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid stress hormone receptors are required for preventing neurodegeneration of the mouse hippocampus

2021 ◽  
pp. 100369
Author(s):  
Robert H. Oakley ◽  
Shannon D. Whirledge ◽  
Maria G. Petrillo ◽  
Natallia V. Riddick ◽  
Xiaojiang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Mouse Hippocampus

scholarly journals Impaired branched chain amino acid metabolism alters feeding behavior and increases orexigenic neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan N Purpera ◽  
Li Shen ◽  
Marzieh Taghavi ◽  
Heike Münzberg ◽  
Roy J Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Protein Status ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Branched Chain Aminotransferase ◽  
Deficient Mice

Elevation of dietary or brain leucine appears to suppress food intake via a mechanism involving mechanistic target of rapamycin, AMPK, and/or branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. Mice bearing a deletion of mitochondrial branched chain aminotransferase (BCATm), which is expressed in peripheral tissues (muscle) and brain glia, exhibit marked increases in circulating BCAAs. Here, we test whether this increase alters feeding behavior and brain neuropeptide expression. Circulating and brain levels of BCAAs were increased two- to four-fold in BCATm-deficient mice (KO). KO mice weighed less than controls (25.9 vs 20.4 g,P<0.01), but absolute food intake was relatively unchanged. In contrast to wild-type mice, KO mice preferred a low-BCAA diet to a control diet (P<0.05) but exhibited no change in preference for low- vs high-protein (HP) diets. KO mice also exhibited low leptin levels and increased hypothalamicNpyandAgrpmRNA. Normalization of circulating leptin levels had no effect on either food preference or the increasedNpyandAgrpmRNA expression. If BCAAs act as signals of protein status, one would expect reduced food intake, avoidance of dietary protein, and reduction in neuropeptide expression in BCATm-KO mice. Instead, these mice exhibit an increased expression of orexigenic neuropeptides and an avoidance of BCAAs but not HP. These data thus suggest that either BCAAs do not act as physiological signals of protein status or the loss of BCAA metabolism within brain glia impairs the detection of protein balance.

scholarly journals GLP-2 receptor in POMC neurons suppresses feeding behavior and gastric motility

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (7) ◽  
pp. E853-E864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinfu Guan ◽  
Xuemei Shi ◽  
Xiaojie Li ◽  
Benny Chang ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Melanocortin Receptor ◽  
Melanocortin System ◽  
Dorsomedial Nucleus

Glucagon-like peptides (GLP-1/2) are cosecreted from endocrine L cells in the gut and preproglucagonergic neurons in the brain. Peripheral GLP-2 action is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, improving absorption efficiency and blood flow, promoting immune defense, and producing efficacy in treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. However, it is unknown if CNS GLP-2 plays a physiological role in the control of energy homeostasis. Since GLP-1/2 are cotranslated from preproglucagongene and coproduced by prohormone convertase-1, it is challenging to knockout GLP-2 only. Instead, our laboratory has generated a Glp2r-floxed mouse line to dissect cell-specific GLP-2 receptor GLP-2R) action in the regulation of energy balance. Our objective was to determine if GLP-2R in the hypothalamus modulates feeding behavior and gastric emptying. We show that Glp2r mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the arcuate nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus of the mouse hypothalamus. Using the Cre-LoxP system, we generated mice that lack Glp2r expression in POMC neurons (KO; mainly in the hypothalamus). The KO mice showed hyperphagic behavior (such as increases in food intake and meal frequency), accelerated gastric emptying (assessed by [13C]octanoic acid breath test), and late-onset obesity, yet there was no decrease in basal metabolic rate. Infusion of GLP-2 (2.5 nmol into the 4th ventricle) suppressed food intake and gastric emptying, while GLP-2-mediated effects were abolished in the melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R) KO mice. We conclude that Glp2r deletion in POMC neurons enhances feeding behavior and gastric motility, whereas icv GLP-2R activation suppresses food intake and gastric emptying through the MC4R signaling pathway. This study indicates that CNS GLP-2R plays a physiological role in the control of feeding behavior and gastric emptying and that this is mediated probably through the melanocortin system.

Brain regulation of feeding behavior and food intake in fish

2000 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Lin ◽  
Hélène Volkoff ◽  
Yuwaraj Narnaware ◽  
Nicholas J Bernier ◽  
Pierre Peyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior

Pituitary glucocorticoid receptor deletion reduces vulnerability to chronic stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus V. Wagner ◽  
Xiao-Dong Wang ◽  
Claudia Liebl ◽  
Sebastian H. Scharf ◽  
Marianne B. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Chronic Stress

A Randomized Pilot Study of Rhythm-Based Music with Movement Strategies on Stress and Interaction Behaviors of Infant Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Kamile Geist ◽  
Peggy Zoccola ◽  
Nathan Andary ◽  
Eugene Geist ◽  
Godwin Dogbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Stress Hormone ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

Consistent, prolonged, and nurturing interactions of a primary caregiver with an infant is necessary for optimal development of the infant. Lowering parental stress can promote positive caregiver-infant social interaction behaviors. Studies show that when caregivers use rhythm-based music and movement strategies during interactions with their infants, non-verbal communication, mutual attunement, and self-reported stress levels improve. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine caregiver benefits (stress hormones and positive interaction behaviors) when learning rhythm-based music with movement strategies while interacting with their infant. This was achieved through randomization of caregiver/infant dyads to a treatment (instructional intervention) or control condition with no instruction. Significantly lower salivary cortisol levels and lower salivary cortisol/DHEA ratio values pre-post were observed for the treatment condition as compared to control. These findings suggest that learning and using rhythm-based music and movement interventions are promising for lowering stress in caregivers. The impact of the intervention with families at risk due to stress-related environmental factors should be further investigated. In addition, observing social emotional behaviors and stress hormone levels of the infant is suggested.

scholarly journals 2-Deoxy-d-glucose, but not mercaptoacetate, increases food intake in decerebrate rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. R382-R386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca A. Darling ◽  
Sue Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Vagal Afferent

We examined food intake in chronically maintained decerebrate rats in response to two antimetabolic drugs known to stimulate food intake, 2-mercaptoacetate (MA) and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG). MA reduces fatty acid oxidation, and 2DG reduces glucose utilization. Because previous work has shown that insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases food intake in decerebrate rats, we predicted that 2DG would have this same effect. MA-induced feeding requires vagal sensory neurons that terminate in the hindbrain. Cholecystokinin-induced suppression of feeding, which likewise requires vagal sensory neurons, has been shown to suppress food intake in decerebrate rats. Therefore, we predicted that MA's effects on feeding would also persist in decerebrate rats. In our experiments, the test diet (40% milk, diluted with water) was infused intraorally through a chronic cheek fistula. We found that sham controls consumed 258% and 230% of their baseline milk intake in response to 2DG and MA, respectively. Decerebrates consumed 239% of their baseline milk intake in response to 2DG, but did not increase their intake in response to MA. Because decerebration separates the hindbrain from the forebrain, these results indicate that 2DG-induced glucoprivation is capable of acting within the hindbrain to activate fundamental reflex circuitry for consummatory feeding responses, as shown previously for hypoglycemia. In contrast, MA affects food consumption only after forebrain processing of MA-induced vagal afferent signals and in the presence of intact ascending and descending neural pathways.

scholarly journals Fish Feed Intake, Feeding Behavior, and the Physiological Response of Apelin to Fasting and Refeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Assan ◽  
Yanlin Huang ◽  
Umar Farouk Mustapha ◽  
Mercy Nabila Addah ◽  
Guangli Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Extrinsic Factors

Feed is one of the most important external signals in fish that stimulates its feeding behavior and growth. The intake of feed is the main factor determining efficiency and cost, maximizing production efficiency in a fish farming firm. The physiological mechanism regulating food intake lies between an intricate connection linking central and peripheral signals that are unified in the hypothalamus consequently responding to the release of appetite-regulating genes that eventually induce or hinder appetite, such as apelin; a recently discovered peptide produced by several tissues with diverse physiological actions mediated by its receptor, such as feed regulation. Extrinsic factors have a great influence on food intake and feeding behavior in fish. Under these factors, feeding in fish is decontrolled and the appetite indicators in the brain do not function appropriately thus, in controlling conditions which result in the fluctuations in the expression of these appetite-relating genes, which in turn decrease food consumption. Here, we examine the research advancements in fish feeding behavior regarding dietary selection and preference and identify some key external influences on feed intake and feeding behavior. Also, we present summaries of the results of research findings on apelin as an appetite-regulating hormone in fish. We also identified gaps in knowledge and directions for future research to fully ascertain the functional importance of apelin in fish.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document