scholarly journals ACE-modulated adiposity is related to higher energy expenditure and independent of lipolysis and glucose incorporation into lipids in adipocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 712-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Helena Fonseca-Alaniz ◽  
Talita Sayuri Higa ◽  
Tarcila Beatriz Ferraz-de-Campos ◽  
Julie Takada ◽  
Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Glucose Incorporation

Emerging evidence suggests that both systemic and white adipose tissue-renin-angiotensin system components influence body weight control. We previously demonstrated that higher angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene expression is associated with lower body adiposity in a rodent model. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a higher ACE gene dosage reduces fat accumulation by increasing energy expenditure and modulating lipolysis and glucose incorporation into lipids in adipocytes. After a 12 wk follow-up period, transgenic mice harboring three ACE (3ACE) gene copies displayed diminished WAT mass, lipid content in their carcasses, adipocyte hypotrophy, and higher resting oxygen uptake (V̇o2) in comparison with animals with one ACE gene copy (1ACE) after long fasting (12 h). No differences were found in food intake and in the rates of lipolysis and glucose incorporation into lipids in adipocytes. To assess whether this response involves increased angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) activation, AT1R blocker (losartan) was used in a separate group of 3ACE mice with body weight and adiposity comparable to that in the other 3ACE animals. We suggest that fasting-induced lower adiposity observed in animals with 3ACE gene copies might be associated with a higher expense of energy reserves; this response did not involve AT1R activation.

Abstract 229: Increased Ace Gene Dosage Reduces Ace2 Activity in Diabetic Mice Kidney: Involvement of Ace/ace2 Balance on the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia S Bertoncello ◽  
Roseli P Moreira ◽  
Rodrigo Yokota ◽  
Rodolfo M Rosa ◽  
Danielle Y Arita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
Kidney Involvement ◽  
Ace Activity

The mechanisms underlying the link between high constitutive levels of ACE and diabetic nephropathy has not been completely understood, but an imbalance between angiotensin I (ACE) and II (ACE2) converting enzymes homeostasis has been described in diabetic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate ACE/ACE2 homeostasis in kidney from diabetic mice presenting increased dosage of ACE gene. Male mice (3 months old) genetically engineered to harbor one or three copies of the ACE gene were made diabetic (streptozotocin - STZ, 50 mg/Kg) and randomly assigned into: 1-copy control (1CC), 1-copy diabetic (1CD), 3-copy control (3CC) and 3-copy diabetic. At the end of experimental period body weight was evaluated and kidney was excised. Kidney-to-body weight ratio and ACE and ACE 2 activities were determined using specific substrates (ZPhe-HL and 7-Mca-APK(Dnp), respectively) (Two way ANOVA + Tukey test; P<0.05). Diabetes increased blood glucose (1CD : 436 ± 25 vs. 1CC: 90 ± 2; 3CD: 556 ± 6 vs. 3CC: 112 ± 4 mg/dL) and kidney-to-body weight ratio (1CD: 7.5 ± 0.2 vs. 1CC: 5.8 ± 0.2; 3CD: 7.8 ± 0.1 vs. 3CC: 5.8 ± 0.1 mg/g) with no influence of ACE genotype. As expected, renal ACE activity was directly related to ACE gene copy number in control group (3CC: 9.4 ± 2.11 vs. 1CC:5.6 ± 0.9 mU/mg protein). Renal ACE activity was decreased in diabetic groups (1CD: 3.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1CC: 5.6 ± 0.9; 3CD: 2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 3CC: 9.4 ± 2.1 mU/mg protein) with no influence of ACE genotype. Under physiological condition, renal ACE2 activity remained unchanged regardless of the ACE genotype (1CC: 1.9 ± 0.2 = 3CC: 1.4 ± 0.1 μM/min/mg). However upon a pathological stimulus, renal ACE2 activity was efficiently increased only in 1CD group, but not in 3CD, as compared with the others (1CD: 5.1 ± 0.9 vs. 1CC: 1.9 ± 0.2 = 3CC: 1.4 ± 0.1 = 3CD: 2.2 ± 0.2 μM/min/mg). Taken together, our results show for the first time, that susceptibility for the development of diabetic nephropathy associated with increased ACE gene dosage may be, at least in part, caused by a decrease on renal ACE2 activity. This may result in increased local levels of angiotensin II and decreased angiotensin (1-7), leading to altered glomerular permeability and albuminuria, functional alterations presented by 3CD animals. Financial Support: FAPESP, CAPES, CNPq.

scholarly journals Body weight control and energy expenditure

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Cristina Fonseca ◽  
Priscila Sala ◽  
Beatriz de Azevedo Muner Ferreira ◽  
Jessica Reis ◽  
Raquel Susana Torrinhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Weight Control

scholarly journals Energy expenditure, physical activity and body-weight control

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tappy ◽  
C. Binnert ◽  
Ph. Schneiter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regular Physical Exercise

Regular physical exercise and endurance training are associated with low body weight and low body fat mass. The relationship between exercise and body-weight control is complex and incompletely understood. Regular exercise may decrease energy balance through an increase in energy expenditure or an increase in fat oxidation. It may also contribute to weight loss by modulating nutrient intake. An intriguing question that remains unresolved is whether changes in nutrient intake or body composition secondarily affect spontaneous physical activity. If this were the case, physical activity would represent a major adaptative mechanism for body-weight control.

scholarly journals Determination of Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) Gene Copy Number by Real-Time Quantitative PCR

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Bodin ◽  
Philippe H. Beaune ◽  
Marie-Anne Loriot
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Cyp2d6 Gene ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Gene Copies

Gene dosage by real-time quantitative PCR has proved to be accurate for measuring gene copy number. The aim of this study was to apply this approach to the CYP2D6 gene to allow for rapid identification of poor and ultrarapid metabolizers (0, 1, or more than 2 gene copy number). Using the2−ΔΔCtcalculation method and a duplex reaction, the number of CYP2D6 gene copies was determined. Quantitative PCR was performed on 43 samples previously analyzed by Southern blotting and long PCR including 20 samples with a heterozygous deletion, 11 with normal copy number (2 copies), and 12 samples with duplicated genes. The average ratio ranged from1.02to1.28,1.85to2.21, and2.55to3.30, respectively, for the samples with 1 copy, 2 copies, and 3 copies. This study shows that this method is sensitive enough to detect either a heterozygous gene deletion or duplication.

Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions abolish compensatory reduction in energy expenditure to weight loss

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (2) ◽  
pp. R476-R480
Author(s):  
T. R. Vilberg ◽  
R. E. Keesey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Control Female

Weight loss through caloric restriction produces compensatory reductions in the whole body energy expenditure of normal rats. The present experiment determined whether rats who had become obese after ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions displayed this metabolic defense of body weight. Obese VMH-lesioned and normal-weight control female rats were assigned to one of three weight maintenance conditions (100, 90, and 80% of previously maintained body weight). Postabsorptive oxygen consumption was then measured by open-circuit respirometery while, simultaneously, behavioral activity was measured by stabilimeter. A marked decline in resting energy expenditure and behavioral activity, seen in control rats after weight loss, was absent in VMH-lesioned rats. These results suggest that VMH lesions impair the ability to adjust energy expenditure in response to alterations in nutritional status, a response that normally serves to stabilize body weight at a regulated level.

scholarly journals Practical Dietary Calorie Management, Body Weight Control and Energy Expenditure of Diabetic Patients in Short-term Hospitalization

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 558-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Nakajima ◽  
Kazumi Sato ◽  
Mariko Sudo ◽  
Mototsugu Nagao ◽  
Toshiko Kano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Body Weight Control

scholarly journals CYP2D6 Genotyping for Functional-Gene Dosage Analysis by Allele Copy Number Detection

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1546-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Hosono ◽  
Mamoru Kato ◽  
Kazuma Kiyotani ◽  
Taisei Mushiroda ◽  
Sadaaki Takata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Cyp2d6 Gene ◽  
Allele Ratio ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Study ◽  
Gene Copies

Abstract Background: Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), one of the most important drug-metabolizing enzymes, has been reported to possess variation in the encoding CYP2D6 gene (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily D, polypeptide 6) that affects enzymatic activity. For the pharmacogenetic study of CYP2D6, accurate measurement of the dosage of the functional gene is essential; however, current genotyping techniques are insufficient because of their inability to provide the exact copy number of functional CYP2D6 genes. Methods: We developed 3 quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays for estimating the total copy number of the CYP2D6 gene, as well as 24-multiplex PCR-based real-time Invader assays (mPCR-RETINAs) for estimating the allele ratio at each variation locus. After determining the allele copy number at each locus, we estimated the frequencies of CYP2D6 alleles in a population and the diplotype in each individual by a CNVphaser (copy number variation phaser). The qPCR assays and RETINAs used for HapMap Japanese and Chinese samples were applied to 455 Japanese individuals. Results: Forty-two individuals (9.2%) had one CYP2D6 gene copy, 207 (45.5%) had 2 copies, 161 (35.4%) had 3 copies, 40 (8.8%) had 4 copies, and 5 (1.1%) had 5 copies of the CYP2D6 gene. We found 16 different CYP2D6 alleles, with frequencies similar to those described in previous reports. In the diplotype analysis, we observed that CYP2D6*1/*1 and *1/*10-*36 were the most common diplotypes (approximately 20%) in our population. Conclusions: Our method is the first to determine the exact number of functional CYP2D6 gene copies. We believe our method will facilitate and accelerate the detailed pharmacogenetic analysis of CYP2D6.

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KOMBINASI EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) DAN KUNYIT (Curcuma longa) TERHADAP HISTOPATOLOGI GINJAL TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI ALLOXAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327
Author(s):  
Pelastri Rahayu ◽  
◽  
Retno Hestiningsih ◽  
Martini Martini ◽  
Dwi Sutiningsih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Diabetes Nephropathy

The prevalence of DM in Riskesdas in 2018 according to the Perkeni consensus in 2015 is higher than according to the Perkeni consensus in 2011, the prevalence was10.9%. The disease can develop into diabetes nephropathy, Increased prevalence of diabetic nephropathy directly proportional with an increase in diabetes prevalence. Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication in diabetics that develops around 30% in patients with type I DM and about 40% in patients with type II DM. Turmeric extract has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to prevent the bad development of diabetes nephropathy. This study looked at the effect of giving a combination of noni and turmeric extract on histopathology of alloxan-induced renal rats. A total of 25 mice were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely the PI group (250 mg / kgBB extract dose), PII group (500 mg / kgBB extract dose), PIII group (750 mg / kgBB extract dose), positive control group (glibenklamid) and negative control group (without extract and glibenklamid). The study used Post Test Only Group. The highest percentage decrease in blood glucose in the PI group was 56.11% and the lowest decrease in the PIII group was 24.12% with p = 0.012. The results of the study were not based on the number of extract doses. The measurement results of rat body weight and glomerular diameter were not affected by blood glucose level with p = 0.700 for body weight and p = 0.187 for glomerular measurement results.

scholarly journals Effect of raw and encapsulated policosanol on lipid profiles, blood biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism of adult cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110137
Author(s):  
James R Templeman ◽  
Kylie Hogan ◽  
Alexandra Blanchard ◽  
Christopher PF Marinangeli ◽  
Alexandra Camara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Activity Energy

Objectives The objective of this study was to verify the safety of policosanol supplementation for domestic cats. The effects of raw and encapsulated policosanol were compared with positive (L-carnitine) and negative (no supplementation) controls on outcomes of complete blood count, serum biochemistry, energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and physical activity in healthy young adult cats. Methods The study was a replicated 4 × 4 complete Latin square design. Eight cats (four castrated males, four spayed females; mean age 3.0 ± 1.0 years; mean weight 4.36 ± 1.08 kg; mean body condition score 5.4 ± 1.4) were blocked by sex and body weight then randomized to treatment groups: raw policosanol (10 mg/kg body weight), encapsulated policosanol (50 mg/kg body weight), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg body weight) or no supplementation. Treatments were supplemented to a basal diet for 28 days with a 1-week washout between periods. Food was distributed equally between two offerings to ensure complete supplement consumption (first offering) and measure consumption time (second offering). Blood collection (lipid profile, complete blood count, serum biochemistry) and indirect calorimetry (energy expenditure, respiratory quotient) were conducted at days 0, 14 and 28 of each period. Activity monitors were worn 7 days prior to indirect calorimetry and blood collection. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures mixed model (SAS, v.9.4). Results Food intake and body weight were similar among treatments. There was no effect of treatment on lipid profile, serum biochemistry, activity, energy expenditure or respiratory quotient ( P >0.05); however, time to consume a second meal was greatest in cats fed raw policosanol ( P <0.05). Conclusions and relevance These data suggest that policosanol is safe for feline consumption. Further studies with cats demonstrating cardiometabolic risk factors are warranted to confirm whether policosanol therapy is an efficacious treatment for hyperlipidemia and obesity.

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