scholarly journals Mammalian Hibernation: Cellular and Molecular Responses to Depressed Metabolism and Low Temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1153-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNAH V. CAREY ◽  
MATTHEW T. ANDREWS ◽  
SANDRA L. MARTIN
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes ◽  
Mammalian Hibernation

Carey, Hannah V., Matthew T. Andrews, and Sandra L. Martin. Mammalian Hibernation: Cellular and Molecular Responses to Depressed Metabolism and Low Temperature. Physiol Rev 83: 1153-1181, 2003; 10.1152/physrev. 00008.2003.—Mammalian hibernators undergo a remarkable phenotypic switch that involves profound changes in physiology, morphology, and behavior in response to periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. The ability to hibernate is found throughout the class Mammalia and appears to involve differential expression of genes common to all mammals, rather than the induction of novel gene products unique to the hibernating state. The hibernation season is characterized by extended bouts of torpor, during which minimal body temperature (Tb) can fall as low as −2.9°C and metabolism can be reduced to 1% of euthermic rates. Many global biochemical and physiological processes exploit low temperatures to lower reaction rates but retain the ability to resume full activity upon rewarming. Other critical functions must continue at physiologically relevant levels during torpor and be precisely regulated even at Tb values near 0°C. Research using new tools of molecular and cellular biology is beginning to reveal how hibernators survive repeated cycles of torpor and arousal during the hibernation season. Comprehensive approaches that exploit advances in genomic and proteomic technologies are needed to further define the differentially expressed genes that distinguish the summer euthermic from winter hibernating states. Detailed understanding of hibernation from the molecular to organismal levels should enable the translation of this information to the development of a variety of hypothermic and hypometabolic strategies to improve outcomes for human and animal health.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analyses of the Drosophila pupal eye

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Miles W DeAngelis ◽  
Joseph D Coolon ◽  
Ruth I Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Tissue Morphogenesis ◽  
Developmental Systems ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Classical Cadherins ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes ◽  
Eye Morphogenesis

Abstract Tissue function is dependent on correct cellular organization and behavior. As a result, the identification and study of genes that contribute to tissue morphogenesis is of paramount importance to the fields of cell and developmental biology. Many of the genes required for tissue patterning and organization are highly conserved between phyla. This has led to the emergence of several model organisms and developmental systems that are used to study tissue morphogenesis. One such model is the Drosophila melanogaster pupal eye that has a highly stereotyped arrangement of cells. In addition, the pupal eye is postmitotic that allows for the study of tissue morphogenesis independent from any effects of proliferation. While the changes in cell morphology and organization that occur throughout pupal eye development are well documented, less is known about the corresponding transcriptional changes that choreograph these processes. To identify these transcriptional changes, we dissected wild-type Canton S pupal eyes and performed RNA-sequencing. Our analyses identified differential expression of many loci that are documented regulators of pupal eye morphogenesis and contribute to multiple biological processes including signaling, axon projection, adhesion, and cell survival. We also identified differential expression of genes not previously implicated in pupal eye morphogenesis such as components of the Toll pathway, several non-classical cadherins, and components of the muscle sarcomere, which could suggest these loci function as novel patterning factors.

scholarly journals Physical association of functionally antagonistic enzymes: KDM5A interacts with MLLs to regulate gene expression in a promoter specific manner facilitating EMT and pluripotency

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kirtana ◽  
Soumen Manna ◽  
Samir Kumar Patra
Keyword(s):  
Active Chromatin ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Mesenchymal Marker ◽  
Epigenetic Modifiers ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Downstream Effectors ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes

AbstractDifferential expression of genes involved in physiological processes are a collaborative outcome of interactions among signalling molecules, downstream effectors and epigenetic modifiers, which together dictate the regulation of genes in response to specific stimuli. MLLs and KDM5A are functionally antagonistic proteins as one acts as writer and the other as eraser of the active chromatin mark, i.e., H3K4me3. KDM5A promotes EMT by occupying promoters of both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. Through this work, it is illustrated that when bound to E-cadherin promoter, KDM5A acts as a classical repressor by demethylating H3K4me3, but on mesenchymal marker promoters, it acts as a transcriptional activator by inhibiting the activity of HDACs and increasing H3K18ac. Further it is demonstrated that KDM5A occupancy enhances either MLL1 or MLL2 by physically interacting with them and that signalling pathways regulate the enzymatic activity of KDM5A probably by phosphorylation. When not active, KDM5A signals for MLL occupancy, a mechanism that can be called epigenetic signalling.

scholarly journals Evidence for increased thermogenesis in female C57BL/6J mice housed aboard the international space station

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen P. Wong ◽  
Urszula T. Iwaniec ◽  
Russell T. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
International Space ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

AbstractSixteen-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed aboard the International Space Station after 37 days of flight (RR-1 mission) and frozen carcasses returned to Earth. RNA was isolated from interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) and gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT). Spaceflight resulted in differential expression of genes in BAT consistent with increased non-shivering thermogenesis and differential expression of genes in WAT consistent with increased glucose uptake and metabolism, adipogenesis, and β-oxidation.

Differential expression of genes that encode glycolysis enzymes in kidney and lung cancer in humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Oparina ◽  
A. V. Snezhkina ◽  
A. F. Sadritdinova ◽  
V. A. Veselovskii ◽  
A. A. Dmitriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of the cold resistance of the sterile rice line 33S

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261822
Author(s):  
Hongjun Xie ◽  
Mingdong Zhu ◽  
Yaying Yu ◽  
Xiaoshan Zeng ◽  
Guohua Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Resistance ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Comparative Transcriptome ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Nutrient Reserve ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important species for food production worldwide. Low temperature is a major abiotic factor that affects rice germination and reproduction. Here, the underlying regulatory mechanism in seedlings of a TGMS variety (33S) and a cold-sensitive variety (Nipponbare) was investigated by comparative transcriptome. There were 795 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified only in cold-treated 33S, suggesting that 33S had a unique cold-resistance system. Functional and enrichment analysis of these DEGs revealed that, in 33S, several metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, were significantly repressed. Moreover, pathways related to growth and development, including starch and sucrose metabolism, and DNA biosynthesis and damage response/repair, were significantly enhanced. The expression of genes related to nutrient reserve activity were significantly up-regulated in 33S. Finally, three NAC and several ERF transcription factors were predicted to be important in this transcriptional reprogramming. This present work provides valuable information for future investigations of low-temperature response mechanisms and genetic improvement of cold-tolerant rice seedlings.

scholarly journals Complementary Contribution of Fungi and Bacteria to Lignocellulose Digestion in the Food Stored by a Neotropical Higher Termite

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edimar A. Moreira ◽  
Gabriela F. Persinoti ◽  
Letícia R. Menezes ◽  
Douglas A. A. Paixão ◽  
Thabata M. Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbohydrate Active Enzymes ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis ◽  
Gut Symbionts ◽  
Cazy Genes ◽  
Complementary Set ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes

Lignocellulose digestion in termites is achieved through the functional synergy between gut symbionts and host enzymes. However, some species have evolved additional associations with nest microorganisms that collaborate in the decomposition of plant biomass. In a previous study, we determined that plant material packed with feces inside the nests of Cornitermes cumulans (Syntermitinae) harbors a distinct microbial assemblage. These food nodules also showed a high hemicellulolytic activity, possibly acting as an external place for complementary lignocellulose digestion. In this study, we used a combination of ITS sequence analysis, metagenomics, and metatranscriptomics to investigate the presence and differential expression of genes coding for carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZy) in the food nodules and the gut of workers and soldiers. Our results confirm that food nodules express a distinct set of CAZy genes suggesting that stored plant material is initially decomposed by enzymes that target the lignin and complex polysaccharides from fungi and bacteria before the passage through the gut, where it is further targeted by a complementary set of cellulases, xylanases, and esterases produced by the gut microbiota and the termite host. We also showed that the expression of CAZy transcripts associated to endoglucanases and xylanases was higher in the gut of termites than in the food nodules. An additional finding in this study was the presence of fungi in the termite gut that expressed CAZy genes. This study highlights the importance of externalization of digestion by nest microbes and provides new evidence of complementary digestion in the context of higher termite evolution.

Immature versus Mature Dura Mater: II. Differential Expression of Genes Important to Calvarial Reossification

2000 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 639
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Greenwald ◽  
Babak J. Mehrara ◽  
Jason A. Spector ◽  
Peter J. Fagenholz ◽  
Pierre B. Saadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Differential Expression Of Genes
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