scholarly journals Small Reservoir Impact on Simulated Watershed-Scale Nutrient Yield

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane J. Prochnow ◽  
Joseph D. White ◽  
Thad Scott ◽  
Christopher Filstrup
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Nutrient Yield ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
The Impact

The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) is used to assess the influence of small upland reservoirs (PL566) on watershed nutrient yield. SWAT simulates the impact of collectively increasing and decreasing PL566 magnitudes (size parameters) on the watershed. Totally removing PL566 reservoirs results in a 100%increase in total phosphorus and an 82%increase in total nitrogen, while a total maximum daily load (TMDL) calling for a 50%reduction in total phosphorus can be achieved with a 500%increase in the magnitude of PL566s in the watershed. PL566 reservoirs capture agriculture pollution in surface flow, providing long-term storage of these constituents when they settle to the reservoir beds. A potential strategy to reduce future downstream nutrient loading is to enhance or construct new PL566 reservoirs in the upper basin to better capture agricultural runoff.

scholarly journals Rapid, Reproducible, Quantifiable NMR Metabolomics: Methanol and Methanol: Chloroform Precipitation for Removal of Macromolecules in Serum and Whole Blood

Metabolites ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora McHugh ◽  
Thomas Flott ◽  
Casey Schooff ◽  
Zyad Smiley ◽  
Michael Puskarich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

Background: Though blood is an excellent biofluid for metabolomics, proteins and lipids present in blood can interfere with 1d-1H NMR spectra and disrupt quantification of metabolites. Here, we present effective macromolecule removal strategies for serum and whole blood (WB) samples. Methods: A variety of macromolecule removal strategies were compared in both WB and serum, along with tests of ultrafiltration alone and in combination with precipitation methods. Results: In healthy human serum, methanol:chloroform:water extraction with ultrafiltration was compared to methanol precipitation with and without ultrafiltration. Methods were tested in healthy pooled human serum, and in serum from patients with sepsis. Effects of long-term storage at −80 °C were tested to explore the impact of macromolecule removal strategy on serum from different conditions. In WB a variety of extraction strategies were tested in two types of WB (from pigs and baboons) to examine the impact of macromolecule removal strategies on different samples. Conclusions: In healthy human serum methanol precipitation of serum with ultrafiltration was superior, but was similar in recovery and variance to methanol:chloroform:water extraction with ultrafiltration in pooled serum from patients with sepsis. In WB, high quality, quantifiable spectra were obtained with the use of a methanol: chloroform precipitation.

scholarly journals 3′ MACE RNA-sequencing allows for transcriptome profiling in human tissue samples after long-term storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1345-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefaniya Boneva ◽  
Anja Schlecht ◽  
Daniel Böhringer ◽  
Hans Mittelviefhaus ◽  
Thomas Reinhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Ffpe Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract This study aims to compare the potential of standard RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and 3′ massive analysis of c-DNA ends (MACE) RNA-sequencing for the analysis of fresh tissue and describes transcriptome profiling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archival human samples by MACE. To compare MACE to standard RNA-Seq on fresh tissue, four healthy conjunctiva from four subjects were collected during vitreoretinal surgery, halved and immediately transferred to RNA lysis buffer without prior fixation and then processed for either standard RNA-Seq or MACE RNA-Seq analysis. To assess the impact of FFPE preparation on MACE, a third part was fixed in formalin and processed for paraffin embedding, and its transcriptional profile was compared with the unfixed specimens analyzed by MACE. To investigate the impact of FFPE storage time on MACE results, 24 FFPE-treated conjunctival samples from 24 patients were analyzed as well. Nineteen thousand six hundred fifty-nine transcribed genes were detected by both MACE and standard RNA-Seq on fresh tissue, while 3251 and 2213 transcripts were identified explicitly by MACE or RNA-Seq, respectively. Standard RNA-Seq tended to yield longer detected transcripts more often than MACE technology despite normalization, indicating that the MACE technology is less susceptible to a length bias. FFPE processing revealed negligible effects on MACE sequencing results. Several quality-control measurements showed that long-term storage in paraffin did not decrease the diversity of MACE libraries. We noted a nonlinear relation between storage time and the number of raw reads with an accelerated decrease within the first 1000 days in paraffin, while the numbers remained relatively stable in older samples. Interestingly, the number of transcribed genes detected was independent on FFPE storage time. RNA of sufficient quality and quantity can be extracted from FFPE samples to obtain comprehensive transcriptome profiling using MACE technology. We thus present MACE as a novel opportunity for utilizing FFPE samples stored in histological archives.

scholarly journals Long-Term (2001–2020) Nutrient Transport from a Small Boreal Agricultural Watershed: Hydrological Control and Potential of Retention Ponds

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2731
Author(s):  
Sari Uusheimo ◽  
Tiina Tulonen ◽  
Jussi Huotari ◽  
Lauri Arvola
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Pond System ◽  
Daily Weather Data

Agriculture contributes significantly to phosphorus and nitrogen loading in southern Finland. Climate change with higher winter air temperatures and precipitation may also promote loading increase further. We analyzed long-term nutrient trends (2001–2020) based on year-round weekly water sampling and daily weather data from a boreal small agricultural watershed. In addition, nutrient retention was studied in a constructed sedimentation pond system for two years. We did not find any statistically significant trends in weather conditions (temperature, precipitation, discharge, snow depth) except for an increase in discharge in March. Increasing trends in annual concentrations were found for nitrate, phosphate, and total phosphorus and total nitrogen. In fact, phosphate concentration increased in every season and nitrate concentration in other seasons except in autumn. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations increased in winter as well and total phosphorus also in summer. Increasing annual loading trend was found for total phosphorus, phosphate, and nitrate. Increasing winter loading was found for nitrate and total nitrogen, but phosphate loading increased in winter, spring, and summer. In the pond system, annual retention of total nitrogen was 1.9–4.8% and that of phosphorus 4.3–6.9%. In addition, 25–40% of suspended solids was sedimented in the ponds. Our results suggest that even small ponds can be utilized to decrease nutrient and material transport, but their retention efficiency varies between years. We conclude that nutrient loading from small boreal agricultural catchments, especially in wintertime, has already increased and is likely to increase even further in the future due to climate change. Thus, the need for new management tools to reduce loading from boreal agricultural lands becomes even more acute.

Assessment of Package Performance During Long-Term Storage of Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Chambers ◽  
W. R. Rodwell ◽  
M. Kelly ◽  
A. R. Hoch ◽  
A. J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Extended Period ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

In the UK, the need for the long-term management of intermediate-level radioactive wastes arises from the absence of an established deep disposal option. As a consequence there is a requirement to demonstrate the ‘passive safety’ of waste packages in stores over a necessarily lengthy period (perhaps 150 years or more). ‘Passive safety’ is taken here to imply that the waste packages themselves would remain safe without intervention; it is assumed however, that the store building and associated infrastructure would need to be actively maintained and that the store may need to be ventilated. Importantly, methods for waste storage also need to ensure that possible future options for disposal are not foreclosed. An extended period of storage suggests that emphasis will need to be placed by waste producers on understanding a number of issues such as: • the impact of corrosion on container integrity; • the assessment of container vents and other features as a pathway for the release of radioactivity; • the extent to which wastes are conditioned for storage and the selection of appropriate methods; • the generation and behaviour of toxic or flammable gases in the storage facility; and the mitigating steps that might be needed to address adverse impacts (e.g. the type of ventilation that the store requires). In this paper, we review the requirements and current state of knowledge relevant to the assessment of operational releases of radioactive, flammable and toxic gases from wastes in long-term interim storage.

The Influence of the Long-Term Storage of Hardwood on the Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties in View of Pulping

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Blažej Seman ◽  
Anton Geffert ◽  
Jarmila Geffertova
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Beech Wood ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Strength In Bending

Wood is loosely stored to ensure continuous production inside paper mills where it is exposed to the effect of external factors. The impact of storage leads to some changes of mechanical and physical properties of wood, but these changes are not the same in all specimens. In this paper, it has been observed that the long term storage of wood influences the impact strength in bending and the permeability of wood for fluids. During the storage, there was a decrease of impact strength in bending of poplar heartwood by 28.3% and oak by 22.1% and mature beech wood by 37.3%. Also, there was decreased a permeability of wood, poplar sapwood 18.3 % and heartwood of 53.9%; oak sapwood by 20.0% and heartwood by 20.3%; beech sapwood 45.8% and mature wood by 48.2%. By decrease of the observed properties of the stored wood, a deterioration a quality of produced pulp can be expected (a higher Kappa number, amount reject and decrease the mechanical properties of pulp).

scholarly journals Long-Term Biosolids Application on Land: Beneficial Recycling of Nutrients or Eutrophication of Agroecosystems?

Soil Systems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Murray B. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biosolids Application

The impact of repeated application of alkaline biosolids (sewage sludge) products over more than a decade on soil concentrations of nutrients and trace metals, and potential for uptake of these elements by crops was investigated by analyzing soils from farm fields near Oklahoma City. Total, extractable (by the Modified Morgan test), and water-soluble elements, including macronutrients and trace metals, were measured in biosolids-amended soils and, for comparison, in soils that had received little or no biosolids. Soil testing showed that the biosolids-amended soils had higher pH and contained greater concentrations of organic carbon, N, S, P, and Ca than the control soils. Soil extractable P concentrations in the biosolids-amended soils averaged at least 10 times the recommended upper limit for agricultural soils, with P in the amended soils more labile and soluble than the P in control soils. Several trace elements (most notably Zn, Cu, and Mo) had higher total and extractable concentrations in the amended soils compared to the controls. A radish plant assay revealed greater phytoavailability of Zn, P, Mo, and S (but not Cu) in the amended soils. The excess extractable and soluble P in these biosolids-amended soils has created a long-term source of slow-release P that may contribute to the eutrophication of adjacent surface waters and contamination of groundwater. While the beneficial effects of increased soil organic carbon on measures of “soil health” have been emphasized in past studies of long-term biosolids application, the present study reveals that these benefits may be offset by negative impacts on soils, crops, and the environment from excessive nutrient loading.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL STUDY ON ALTERNATIVES FOR SAVING AND INVESTING IN THE POSTPANDEMIC PERIOD. CASE STUDY: ROMANIA

2021 ◽  
Vol S.I. (2) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Alexandru Mihai Alexandru Mihai ◽  
◽  
Ruxandra DINULESCU ◽  
Florin PUCHEANU ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Approach ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops investigations in the field of saving and investing techniques related to the impact of the COVID19 pandemic on the Romanian trading market. The study focuses particularly on the alternatives for accumulation of money capital which can lead to a positive long-term return. The research aims to investigate the available current services and opportunities in the Romanian investment market and their returns after the pandemic. Towards this objective, the study presents the past returns for several products and the users potential risks. Furthermore, an investigation is conducted based on the latest statistics whereas different variants of portfolios are presented. Unlike most of the previous studies, this analysis has a double approach: evaluating viable alternatives depending on several characteristics and simultaneously developing a long-term potential strategy that could be used to ensure the financial future of an individual in the period of the outbreak of the COVID19 pandemic. This contribution provides an initial analysis of the saving and investing market of Romania before and after the pandemic.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficiency of a “buried wall” barrier in the establishment of near-surface long-term storage and disposal facilities for RW

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
V. V. Suskin ◽  
◽  
I. V. Kapyrin ◽  
F. V. Grigorev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Surface ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

The article evaluates the impact of a “buried wall” barrier on the long-term safety during the long-term storage1 or in-situ disposal of nuclear legacy facilities, in particular, industrial reservoirs, as well as during the development of near-surface disposal facilities for radioactive waste (RWDF). For assessment purposes, filtration and mass transfer processes have been numerically modelled in the GeRa code based on a case study of a reference near-surface facility. The study explores in which way the available covering screen affects the dynamics of contaminant spread. It evaluates the sensitivity of the results to the dispersion parameter commonly characterized by a high degree of uncertainty.

Thermal Analysis of Drum Type Radioactive Material (RAM) Packaging Arrays in Storage

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Fissile Material ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

Drum type packages are routinely used to transport radioactive material (RAM) in the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) complex. These packages are designed to meet the federal regulations described in 10 CFR 71. In recent years, there has been a greater need to use these packagings to store the excess fissile material, especially plutonium for long term storage. While the design requirements for safe transportation of these packagings are well defined, the requirements for safe long term storage are not well established. Since the RAM contents in the packagings produce decay heat, it is important that they are stored carefully to prevent overheating of the containment vessel (CV) seals to prevent any leakage and the impact limiter to maintain the package structural integrity. This paper analyzes different storage arrays for a typical 9977 packaging for thermal considerations and makes recommendations for their safe storage under normal operating conditions.

Research on the Effect of Prehydration of Portland Cement Stored in Normal Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 670-671 ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Adamtsevich ◽  
Aleksey Eremin ◽  
Andrey Pustovgar ◽  
Stanislav Pashkevich ◽  
Sergey Nefedov
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Moisture Influence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Decrease ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Term Storage

This article is a stage of the author’s research into the impact of different factors on the hydration of mineral binders. The problem of cement activity decrease due to adsorption moisture influence during long-term storage in normal conditions (20°C and 50% RH) was examined. The influence of storage period in airtight and non-airtight conditions on the kinetics of heat evolution during hydration as well as on phase composition of Portland cement was characterized using experimental methods.

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