scholarly journals Presence in the IP Multimedia Subsystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Ling Lin ◽  
Antonio Liotta
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ip Multimedia Subsystem ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Switched Networks ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Architectural Framework ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
Insight Into

With an ever increasing penetration of Internet Protocol (IP) technologies, the wireless industry is evolving the mobile core network towards all-IP network. The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a standardised Next Generation Network (NGN) architectural framework defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to bridge the gap between circuit-switched and packet-switched networks and consolidate both sides into on single all-IP network for all services. In this paper, we provide an insight into the limitation of the presence service, one of the fundamental building blocks of the IMS. Our prototype-based study is unique of its kind and helps identifying the factors which limit the scalability of the current version of the presence service (3GPP TS 23.141 version 7.2.0 Release 7 [1]), which will in turn dramatically limit the performance of advanced IMS services. We argue that the client-server paradigm behind the current IMS architecture does not suite the requirements of the IMS system, which defies the very purpose of its introduction. We finally elaborate on possible avenues for addressing this problem.

scholarly journals Conveying and Handling Location Information in the IP Multimedia Subsystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miran Mosmondor ◽  
Lea Skorin-Kapov ◽  
Renato Filjar ◽  
Maja Matijasevic
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Load ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Ip Multimedia Subsystem ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
New Type ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
Open Issues

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), specified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), is a key element in the next-generation network (NGN) converged architecture.Extending the IMS towards provisioning support for locationbased services (LBS) will enable enhanced services and offer new revenues to the operator. Conveying location information in the IMS and connecting the IMS with a positioning system are still open issues. This paper presents the design and implementation of an IMS Location Server (ILS) integrating IMS with a positioning system. From the IMS perspective, the ILS serves as a service enabler for LBS. In order to demonstrate proof-of-concept in enhancing IMS-based services, two prototype service scenarios have been implemented: Location-aware Messaging (LaM), andLocation-aware Push-to-Talk over cellular (LaPoC). Some work has been done by the IETF in the area of location information transport based on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This paper proposes improvements in this area, primarily related to reducing the necessary amount of signaling with the specification of a new type of location filter. We have conducted measurements in a laboratory environment in order to illustrate our proposed solution and verify the benefits compared to existing solutions in terms of traffic load and session establishment time. Furthermore, we present a case study integrating the ILS with the Ericsson Mobile Positioning System (MPS).

A Review on 3GPP 5G Security Aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajavelsamy R ◽  
Debabrata Das
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Core Network ◽  
User Privacy ◽  
Wireless Backhaul ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Unified Authentication ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
5G Security

5G promises to support new level of use cases that will deliver a better user experience. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) [1] defined 5G system introduced fundamental changes on top of its former cellular systems in several design areas, including security. Unlike in the legacy systems, the 5G architecture design considers Home control enhancements for roaming customer, tight collaboration with the 3rd Party Application servers, Unified Authentication framework to accommodate various category of devices and services, enhanced user privacy, and secured the new service based core network architecture. Further, 3GPP is investigating the enhancements to the 5G security aspects to support longer security key lengths, False Base station detection and wireless backhaul in the Phase-2 of 5G standardization [2]. This paper provides the key enhancements specified by the 3GPP for 5G system, particularly the differences to the 4G system and the rationale behind the decisions.

scholarly journals Cold-Active β-Galactosidases: Insight into Cold Adaption Mechanisms and Biotechnological Exploitation

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Marco Mangiagalli ◽  
Marina Lotti
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cold Active ◽  
Cold Adaption ◽  
Glycosyl Donor ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Insight Into

β-galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.23) catalyze the hydrolysis of β-galactosidic bonds in oligosaccharides and, under certain conditions, transfer a sugar moiety from a glycosyl donor to an acceptor. Cold-active β-galactosidases are identified in microorganisms endemic to permanently low-temperature environments. While mesophilic β-galactosidases are broadly studied and employed for biotechnological purposes, the cold-active enzymes are still scarcely explored, although they may prove very useful in biotechnological processes at low temperature. This review covers several issues related to cold-active β-galactosidases, including their classification, structure and molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation. Moreover, their applications are discussed, focusing on the production of lactose-free dairy products as well as on the valorization of cheese whey and the synthesis of glycosyl building blocks for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals Analisa Karakteristik Teori Antrian pada Jaringan IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Menggunakan OPNET Modeler 14.5

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Eko Fajar Cahyadi ◽  
Refinda Dwi Cahyani ◽  
Alfin Hikmaturokhman
Keyword(s):  
Packet Loss ◽  
Video Conference ◽  
Ip Multimedia Subsystem ◽  
Next Generation Network ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Generation Network ◽  
Voice Data ◽  
First In First Out ◽  
Delay Variation

Perkembangan teknologi telekomunikasi yang semakin pesat, membuat para operator dan vendor telekomunikasi harus dapat menyediakan layanan telekomunikasi yang aman, cepat, dan multi guna, untuk mendorong terciptanya ekosistem layanan telekomunikasi yang beragam bagi para penggunanya. Next Generation Network (NGN) merupakan sebuah teknologi masa depan yang mendukung beberapa layanan terintegrasi seperti voice, data, dan multimedia. Hal utama dari konsep NGN adalah konvergensi dan layanan yang berbasis IP sehingga diperlukan sebuah teknologi yang dikenal dengan IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). Agar pengiriman data dalam layanan IMS menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien maka diperlukan sebuah teori antrian yang tepat untuk digunakan sebagai pengatur aliran paket data. Penelitian ini melakukan pengamatan terhadap beberapa layanan pada jaringan IMS dengan menggunakan tiga teori antrian yang berbeda yaitu First In First Out (FIFO), Priority Queuing (PQ), dan Weighted-Fair Queuing (WFQ). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap layanan Video Conference dan VoIP. Dari hasil simulasi dapat diketahui bahwa teori antrian WFQ pada layanan video conference menghasilkan rata-rata delay sebesar 9.22 ms , delay variation sebesar 0.036 ms dan packet loss sebesar 0.88%. Sedangkan untuk layanan VoIP menghasilkan rata-rata delay sebesar 144 ms, delay variation sebesar 0.021 ms, dan packet loss sebesar 0.05% serta menghasilkan rata-rata throughput sebesar 7.052 Mbps, sehingga teori antrian yang tepat digunakan dalam jaringan IMS dalam penelitian ini adalah WFQ.

Personal Values as a Building Block for Social Responsibility of Higher Education Institutions

2017 ◽  
pp. 119-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatko Nedelko ◽  
Vojko Potocan ◽  
Nikša Alfirević
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Core Mission ◽  
Insight Into

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of personal values for social responsibility (SR) of higher education. Besides the core mission of higher education to create, transfer and preserve knowledge in society, the idea of SR has gained its importance also in institutions of higher education. SR has many drivers, among which personal values are considered as one of the key building blocks for SR. For enhancing SR, higher education institutions should also develop stronger ties with the community. The chapter provides an insight into discussion about community involvement of higher education, into the role of personal values for shaping SR of higher education institutions and explain how personal values can help to enhance community and social involvement of higher education. Findings may be a starting point for re-thinking and/or establishing strategies for achieving higher level of SR in higher education institutions and enhancing the link with the community.

The Comparison between WLAN and Femtocell

2012 ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Rashid A. Saeed ◽  
Mohammad Hasan ◽  
Rania A. Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Network ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The communication link of femtocell may be one of Wide Area Network (WAN) technologies, such as, Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). Femtocell used a public network to establish connectivity between femtocell and core network elements where there are a set of challenges to the operators. However, femtocells use IP Network as a backhaul architecture instead of conventional cellular network infrastructure, so that Femtocells and WiFi infrastructure networks can come to a compromise as they have a lot of common iterative and inter-related technologies and activities. This raises the question as to whether femtocell technology will substitute the existing WiFi technology. By carefully analyzing the similarities and differences between the two technologies one can find this answer. This chapter provides a technical comparison between Femtocells and WiFi in terms of architecture, operation, and standards.

scholarly journals BRIDGING THE GAPS : A PARADIGMATIC INSIGHT INTO PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlyn Indarti
Keyword(s):  
Legal Theory ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Legal Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Insight Into

Paradigm represents a worldview that defines, for its holder, the nature of theworld, the individual's place in it, and the range of possible relationships to thatworld and its parts. It comprises of four main elements, i.e. ontology, epistemology,methodology, and methods. Within the discipline of law, there seem to be two setsof gaps separating philosophy of law's building blocks that dissociate, first, legalpractice from legal theory and, second, legal science from legal philosophy. It isthe purpose of this article, with the help of paradigmatic insight, to bridge thosegaps.Keywords: law, philosophy of law, paradigm, paradigmatic study of law

Mobile Telecom System Architectures—IMS an Evolution Path Towards IP Convergence

2009 ◽  
pp. 197-222
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Kasimatis ◽  
Dimitra Varla
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ip Multimedia Subsystem ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Evolution Path ◽  
Evaluation Strategies ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Telecom Networks ◽  
Mobile Telecom

This chapter deals with the description of the various applied Mobile System Architectures, showing the evolution path towards the IP Convergence issue, with the introduction of the IP Multimedia Subsystem. It contains the most important networks entities of the different Mobile Networks Systems and their integration to the IMS. Being the core of the Fixed-Mobile Converge, IMS’ operation, functionality and interoperability with the other Telecom platforms are analyzed. Furthermore, aiming in a cost effective high QoS solution, typical performance evaluation strategies of the network manufacturers are described. Its scope is to give an overview of the existing architectures, their network components, their characteristics and their differences, while also show how nearly all traditional Telecom networks can be converged, with the use of the IMS, to an all-IP network, where various applications can be accessed by heterogeneous network platforms.

scholarly journals Evaluations as value-measurement links: Exploring metrics and meanings in science

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-300
Author(s):  
Felicitas Hesselmann ◽  
Cornelia Schendzielorz
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Journal Impact Factor ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
Journal Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This contribution seeks to provide a more detailed insight into the entanglement of value and measurement. Drawing on insights from semiotics and a Bourdieusian perspective on language as an economy of linguistic exchange, we develop the theoretical concept of value-measurement links and distinguish three processes – operationalisation, nomination, and indetermination – as forms in which these links can be constructed. We illustrate these three processes using (e)valuation practices in science, particularly the journal impact factor, as an empirical object of investigation. As this example illustrates, measured values can function as building blocks for further measurements, and thus establish chains of evaluations, where it becomes more and more obscure which values the measurements actually express. We conclude that in the case of measured values such as impact factors, these chains are driven by the interplay between the interpretative openness of language and the seeming tendency of numbers to fixate meaning thus continually re-creating, transforming and modifying values.

scholarly journals Functional building blocks for an integrated aeronautical IP-network

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schreckenbach ◽  
K. Leconte ◽  
C. Baudoin ◽  
C. Kissling ◽  
C. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ip Network
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