scholarly journals A Review of Penile Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rando Sous ◽  
M. Pérez-Utrilla Pérez ◽  
A. Aguilera Bazán ◽  
A. Tabernero Gomez ◽  
J. Cisneros Ledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Penectomy ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Common Histological Type

Cancer of the penis is a rare tumour in Europe and mainly affects the elderly patient population. The aim of this paper was to analyse and study the characteristics of this tumour, in our patient population.Materials and Methods.A retrospective study was conducted on penile tumours diagnosed and treated in the Urology Department of the Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, in the last ten years.Results.A total of 34 patients were diagnosed and treated. The mean age at presentation was 71.27 years. The mean time between symptoms and the first consultation was 12.54 months with a median of 6 months. The most common form of presentation was balanoposthitis (32%) and the most common site in our series was the glans. Partial penectomy was performed in 22 cases, total amputation in 8, and local excision in 3.Discussion.Carcinoma of the penis is a pathology which mostly affects elderly patients; in our series, the highest incidence was observed in patients in the group aged 75–84 years. The most common histological type was epidermoid carcinoma in its various forms of presentation. We recorded a mortality of 23%.Conclusion.Penile carcinoma is a rare pathology which affects elderly persons and is diagnosed late.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 infection on hip fracture 30-day mortality

Trauma ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146040862094972
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadulelmola ◽  
Rob Gregory ◽  
Gavin Gordon ◽  
Fiona Smith ◽  
Andrew Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Introduction: A novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a fatal global pandemic which particularly affects the elderly and those with comorbidities. Hip fractures affect elderly populations, necessitate hospital admissions and place this group at particular risk from COVID-19 infection. This study investigates the effect of COVID-19 infection on 30-day hip fracture mortality. Method: Data related to 75 adult hip fractures admitted to two units during March and April 2020 were reviewed. The mean age was 83.5 years (range 65–98 years), and most (53, 70.7%) were women. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. Results: The COVID-19 infection rate was 26.7% (20 patients), with a significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate in the COVID-19-positive group (10/20, 50%) compared to the COVID-19-negative group (4/55, 7.3%), with mean time to death of 19.8 days (95% confidence interval: 17.0–22.5). The mean time from admission to surgery was 43.1 h and 38.3 h, in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative groups, respectively. All COVID-19-positive patients had shown symptoms of fever and cough, and all 10 cases who died were hypoxic. Seven (35%) cases had radiological lung findings consistent of viral pneumonitis which resulted in mortality (70% of mortality). 30% ( n = 6) contracted the COVID-19 infection in the community, and 70% ( n = 14) developed symptoms after hospital admission. Conclusion: Hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection have a high 30-day mortality. COVID-19 testing and chest X-ray for patients presenting with hip fractures help in early planning of high-risk surgeries and allow counselling of the patients and family using realistic prognosis.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Elderly Persons After Ergometric Exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142097980
Author(s):  
Kenichi Kaneko ◽  
Hitoshi Makabe ◽  
Kazuyuki Mito ◽  
Kazuyoshi Sakamoto ◽  
Yoshiya Kawanori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Young Subjects

This study examined the characteristics of lower limb muscle activity in elderly persons after ergometric pedaling exercise for 1 month. To determine the effect of the exercise, surface electromyography (SEMG) of lower limb muscles was subjected to Daubechies-4 wavelet transformation, and mean wavelet coefficients were compared with the pre-exercise coefficients and the post-exercise coefficients in each wavelet level. The characteristics of muscle activity after pedaling exercise were also compared between the elderly subjects and young subjects. For the elderly subjects, the mean wavelet coefficients were significantly decreased in the tibialis anterior and the gastrocnemius medialis at wavelet levels of 3, 4, and 5 (125–62.5, 62.5–31.25, and 31.25–15.625 Hz, respectively), by pedaling exercise. However, the mean power of wavelet levels of 2 and 3 (250–125 and 125–62.5 Hz) within the rectus femoris and the biceps femoris were significantly increased in the young subjects. The effect of pedaling exercise is different from the effects of heavy-resistance training. It was suggested that the muscle coordination, motor unit (MU) firing frequency, and firing fiber type of lower limb muscles are changed with the different characteristics between elderly and young persons by pedaling exercise for 1 month.

scholarly journals Liver Transplantation for Hepatic Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma: The Canadian Multicentre Experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 821-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine G Nudo ◽  
Eric M Yoshida ◽  
Vincent G Bain ◽  
Denis Marleau ◽  
Phil Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Lesion ◽  
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Rare Tumour ◽  
Time To Recurrence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

INTRODUCTION: Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare entity. At the present time, there is no standardized effective therapy. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a treatment for this rare tumour.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of liver transplantation for HEHE at eight centres across Canada.METHODS: The charts of patients who were transplanted for HEHE at eight centres across Canada were reviewed.RESULTS: A total of 11 individuals (eight women and three men) received a LT for HEHE. All LTs were performed between 1991 and 2005. The mean (± SD) age at LT was 38.7±13 years. One patient had one large liver lesion (17 cm × 14 cm × 13 cm), one had three lesions, one had four lesions and eight had extensive (five or more) liver lesions. One patient had spleen involvement and two had involved lymph nodes at the time of transplantation. The mean duration of follow-up was 78±63 months (median 81 months). Four patients (36.4%) developed recurrence of HEHE with a mean time to recurrence of 25±25 months (median 15.6 months) following LT. The calculated survival rate following LT for HEHE was 82% at five years.CONCLUSIONS: The results of LT for HEHE are encouraging, with a recurrence rate of 36.4% and a five-year survival rate of 82%. Further studies are needed to help identify patients who would benefit most from LT for this rare tumour.

scholarly journals The type and duration of use of removable dentures in seniors over 65 years of age from Lublin in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kamińska-Pikiewicz ◽  
Teresa Bachanek ◽  
Renata Chałas
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Masticatory System ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Introduction. Age-related tooth loss causes an increasing need for prosthetic treatment. Maintaining a healthy masticatory system, as well as proper speaking functions is one of the main goals for prosthetic rehabilitation of the elderly. Aim. The authors aimed at checking what types of moveable dentures people over 65, residents of nursing and family homes tend to wear and how long do they do it. Material and methods. Some 240 people over 65 were looked at - 117 were residents of nursing homes in Lublin, while another 123 lived in their own family home. The authors took the following factors into consideration: type of denture, and how long were the dentures used. Results. It appeared that movable dentures were used by some 57.26% of nursing home residents and 69.11% of people living in their family homes. Residents used mostly full denture, both in maxilla and mandible, respectively 71.05% and 67.14%. Similarly, seniors living at home had worn mainly full maxillary denture in 50.00% of cases, and full mandibular denture in 44.44% of cases. The mean time of using maxillary and mandibular dentures was longer in seniors residing in nursing homes (maxilla - 7.24 years, mandible - 7.48 years) than in persons living with their families (maxilla - 5.39 years, mandible - 4.63 years). Conclusion. The supply of dentures in both groups of seniors is unsatisfactory. Most of the examined seniors have used the dental prostheses for too long.

Polimedication: applicability of a computer tool to reduce polypharmacy in nursing homes

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1001-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás M. García-Caballero ◽  
Juan Lojo ◽  
Carlos Menéndez ◽  
Roberto Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Raimundo Mateos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Expenditure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Neuroleptic Drugs ◽  
Computer Tool ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Inappropriate Prescriptions

ABSTRACTBackground:The risks of polypharmacy can be far greater than the benefits, especially in the elderly. Comorbidity makes polypharmacy very prevalent in this population; thus, increasing the occurrence of adverse effects. To solve this problem, the most common strategy is to use lists of potentially inappropriate medications. However, this strategy is time consuming.Methods:In order to minimize the expenditure of time, our group devised a pilot computer tool (Polimedication) that automatically processes lists of medication providing the corresponding Screening Tool of Older Persons’ potentially inappropriate Prescriptions alerts and facilitating standardized reports. The drug lists for 115 residents in Santa Marta Nursing Home (Fundación San Rosendo, Ourense, Spain) were processed.Results:The program detected 10.04 alerts/patient, of which 74.29% were not repeated. After reviewing these alerts, 12.12% of the total (1.30 alerts/patient) were considered relevant. The largest number of alerts (41.48%) involved neuroleptic drugs. Finally, the patient's family physician or psychiatrist accepted the alert and made medication changes in 62.86% of the relevant alerts. The largest number of changes (38.64%) also involved neuroleptic drugs. The mean time spent in the generation and review of the warnings was 6.26 minute/patient. Total changes represented a saving of 32.77 € per resident/year in medication.Conclusions:The application of Polimedication tool detected a high proportion of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in institutionalized elderly patients. The use of the computerized tool achieved significant savings in pharmaceutical expenditure, as well as a reduction in the time taken for medication review.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 infection on hip fractures 30-day mortality

Trauma ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146040862095135
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadulelmola ◽  
Rob Gregory ◽  
Gavin Gordon ◽  
Fiona Smith ◽  
Andrew Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Introduction A novel virus, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a fatal global pandemic which particularly affects the elderly and those with co-morbidities. Hip fractures affect elderly populations, necessitate hospital admissions, and place this group at particular risk from COVID-19 infection. This study investigates the effect of COVID-19 infection on 30-day hip fracture mortality. Method Data related to seventy-five adult hip fractures admitted to two units during March and April 2020 was reviewed. The mean age was 83.5 years (range 65-98 years) and most (53, 70.7%) were females. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. Results The COVID-19 infection rate was 26.7% (20 patients), with a significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate in COVID-19 positive group (10/20, 50%) compared to COVID-19 negative group (4/55, 7.3%), with mean time to death of 19.8 days (95% confidence interval 17.0-22.5). The mean time from admission to surgery was 43.1 hours and 38.3 hours, in COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative groups, respectively. All COVID-19 positive patients had shown symptoms of fever and cough, and all ten cases who died were from hypoxia. Seven (35%) cases had radiological lung findings consistent with viral pneumonitis which resulted in mortality (70% of mortality). 30% (n = 6) contracted the COVID-19 infection in the community and 70% (n = 14) developed symptoms after hospital admission. Conclusion Hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection have a high 30-day mortality. COVID-19 testing and chest x-ray for patients presenting with hip fractures, helps in early planning of high-risk surgeries and allows counselling of the patients and family using realistic prognosis.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA FUNÇÃO COGNITIVA EM IDOSOS QUE VIVEM EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Thairo Fellipe Freitas Oliveira ◽  
Thanieri dos Santos Nascimento ◽  
Samia Jardelle Costa de Freitas Maniva
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean

O envelhecimento populacional ocorre de forma acelerada nos dias atuais. Entre os idosos que vivenciam a perda da funcionalidade destacam-se aqueles que residem em instituição de longa permanência (ILP). O estudo objetiva conhecer a função cognitiva de idosos que vivem em instituição de longa permanência no Sertão Central. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados em uma instituição de longa permanência, localizada na zona urbana de Quixeramobim - CE. Participaram do estudo 35 idosos. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento para levantamento de dados sociodemográfico. Além desse instrumento, foi aplicado o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) para avaliação cognitiva. Todos os aspectos éticos foram respeitados, a pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Unicatólica sob o nº 2.505.547. Entre os participantes, 65,7% são do sexo feminino. A idade média foi de 73 anos (± 7,5 anos), variando de 60 a 92 anos. O score médio total do MEEM foi de 17,3 pontos entre os idosos, referente aos critérios de avaliação o que obteve menor pontuação foi o item de cálculo e atenção, com relação de acerto de 0,68 pontos do total de 5 pontos, o item linguagem de reconhecimento obteve melhor média com 1,9 pontos do total de 2. Os idosos obtiveram 17,3 pontos (escore total médio) no MEEM, abaixo dos 20 pontos proposto pela Sociedade Brasileira de Neurologia (SBN) para analfabetos, visto que este nível de instrução correspondia a 91,4% da amostra, o que nos indica um déficit cognitivo. EVALUATION OF THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN ELDERLY PERSONS LIVING IN A LONG-STAY INSTITUTION ABSTRACT Population aging occurs rapidly today. Among the elderly who experience loss of functionality, those who live in a long-term institution (LTI) stand out. This study aims to know the cognitive function of elderly people living in a long-term institution in the Central Hinterland. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data were collected at a long - term institution, located in the urban area of Quixeramobim - CE. 35 subjects participated in the study. A sociodemographic data collection instrument was used to collect data. In addition to this instrument, the Mini-Exam of the Mental State (MEMS) was applied for cognitive evaluation. All the ethical aspects were respected, the research was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Unicatólica under nº 2,505,547. Among the participants, 65.7% were female. The mean age was 73 years (± 7.5 years), ranging from 60 to 92 years. The mean total score of the MEMS was 17.3 points among the elderly, referring to the evaluation criteria. The lowest score was the item of calculation and attention, with a score of 0.68 points out of the total of 5 points. item recognition language got better average with 1.9 points out of the total of 2. The elderly had 17.3 points (average total score) in the MEMS, below the 20 points proposed by the Brazilian Neurology Society (BNS) for illiterates, since this level of education corresponded to 91.4% of the sample, which indicates cognitive deficit.

Nonoperative Management of Olecranon Fractures in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review

Hand ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 155894472094426
Author(s):  
Christina A. Alvara ◽  
Griffin Biedron ◽  
John C. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patient ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
English Language ◽  
Nonoperative Management ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Language Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Olecranon Fractures

Background: Despite increased utilization of conservative measures for displaced olecranon fractures in elderly patients, in whom operative fixation may be complicated by coexisting comorbidities and declining bone quality, the noninferiority of nonoperative management has yet to be proven. The purpose of this study was to review nonoperative management of displaced olecranon fractures in the elderly patient population. Methods: A literature search of the PubMed database was performed using the term olecranon fracture. Papers included those with results for patients aged 65 years and older published between 1990 and 2018 in the English language. Data were pooled to analyze outcomes and complications of nonoperative management of olecranon fractures in the elderly patient population. Results: Four eligible studies combined for a total of 69 patients with 70 fractures with an average age of 83.8 years (71-95 years), female predominance of 88%, and a mean follow-up of 12.4 months who underwent nonoperative management of displaced olecranon fractures. While only 25% of fractures went on to radiographic union, the mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 16.9 (0-59.6), the mean arc of motion was 138°, and 92% of patients achieved excellent results. One-quarter (26%) of the patients experienced complications: radial head subluxation (1), skin sore (1), degenerative arthropathy (1), pain on movement (2), click in movement of the elbow (5), and local pain (8). Conclusion: Displaced olecranon fractures in patients aged older than 70 years may be effectively managed with nonoperative measures to produce high satisfaction and functional range of motion.

scholarly journals Quadro clínico de idosos em uma instituição de longa permanência

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Kaio Giordan Castelo Branco Benevides ◽  
Alinne De Sousa Ibiapina ◽  
Silvelene Carneiro de Sousa ◽  
Yvana Marília Sales Medino ◽  
Karine De Magalhães Nogueira Ataíde
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Geriatric Nursing ◽  
Nursing Diagnosis ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nursing Diagnoses ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de idosos institucionalizados e identificar os diagnósticos de Enfermagem. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo. Aplicou-se um questionário estruturado a 59 idosos e, para discutir as variáveis selecionadas, foi utilizado o programa Statistical Product Service Solutions. Apresentaram-se os resultados em forma de tabela. Resultados: aponta-se a prevalência do sexo masculino, em 52,5% dos idosos, da faixa etária de 70 a 79 anos e dos solteiros; a média de tempo de institucionalização é de 4,1 anos, sendo o principal motivo para a institucionalização a insuficiência familiar (mulheres = 60,7%; homens = 67,7%). Registrou-se, em relação às doenças prevalentes nos idosos, que 61% eram hipertensos e 23,7%, diabéticos, sendo que 76,3% utilizam medicamentos. Destacam-se, entre os diagnósticos de Enfermagem, a dentição prejudicada (67,7%), a síndrome do idoso frágil (59,3%) e o risco de quedas (52,5%). Conclusão: reconhece-se que a identificação dos diagnósticos de Enfermagem favorece a continuação do cuidado, indicando quais intervenções são necessárias para realizar uma assistência de acordo com as necessidades de cada idoso. Descritores: Enfermagem Geriátrica; Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos; Diagnóstico de Enfermagem; Assistência a Idosos; Idoso Fragilizado; Habitação para Idosos.ABSTRACTObjective: to determine the sociodemographic and clinical profile of institutionalized elderly and to identify nursing diagnoses. Method: this is a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study. A structured questionnaire was applied to 59 elderly people and, to discuss the selected variables, the Statistical Product Service Solutions program was used. The results were presented in tabular form. Results: the prevalence of males was found in 52.5% of the elderly, in the age group 70-79 and in the unmarried; the mean time of institutionalization is 4.1 years, the main reason for institutionalization being family insufficiency (women = 60.7%, men = 67.7%). In relation to diseases prevalent in the elderly, 61% were hypertensive and 23.7% were diabetics, and 76.3% used medications. Among the Nursing diagnoses, the impaired dentition (67.7%), the fragile elderly syndrome (59.3%) and the risk of falls (52.5%) were highlighted. Conclusion: it is recognized that the identification of nursing diagnoses favors the continuation of care, indicating which interventions are necessary to perform care according to the needs of each elderly. Descriptors: Geriatric Nursing; Long-Term Institution for the Elderly; Nursing Diagnosis; Assistance to the Elderly; Fragile Elderly; Housing for the Elderly.RESUMENObjetivo: determinar el perfil sociodemográfico y clínico de ancianos institucionalizados e identificar los diagnósticos de Enfermería. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado a 59 ancianos y, para discutir las variables seleccionadas, se utilizó el programa Statistical Product Service Solutions. Se presentaron los resultados en forma de tabla. Resultados: se apunta la prevalencia del sexo masculino, en el 52,5% de los ancianos, del grupo de edad de 70 a 79 años y de los solteros; el promedio de tiempo de institucionalización es de 4,1 años, siendo el principal motivo para la institucionalización la insuficiencia familiar (mujeres = 60,7%, hombres = 67,7%). Se registró, en relación a las enfermedades prevalentes en los ancianos, que el 61% eran hipertensos y el 23,7%, diabéticos, siendo que el 76,3% utilizan medicamentos. Se destacan, entre los diagnósticos de Enfermería, la dentición perjudicada (67,7%), el síndrome del anciano frágil (59,3%) y el riesgo de caídas (52,5%). Conclusión: se reconoce que la identificación de los diagnósticos de Enfermería favorece la continuación del cuidado, indicando qué intervenciones son necesarias para realizar una asistencia de acuerdo con las necesidades de cada anciano. Descriptores: Enfermagem Geriátrica; Instituição de Longa Permanência Para Idosos; Diagnóstico de Enfermagem; Assistência a Idosos; Idoso Fragilizado; Habitação para Idosos.

Validity of the Elderly Behavior Assessment for Relatives (EBAR)

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Pezzuti ◽  
Caterina Laicardi ◽  
Marco Lauriola
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Behavior Assessment ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Behavior Rating Scale ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
State Examination

Summary: An Elderly Behavior Assessment for Relatives (EBAR), updating the GERRI ( Schwartz, 1983 ), was administered to relatives (or significant others) of 349 elderly persons, from 60 to over 80 years of age, living at home, in good health and without cognitive impairment. A trained psychologist administered subjects the Life Satisfaction for Elderly Scale (LSES), the Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and personally answered to an overall elderly behavior rating scale (RA). EBAR items were first examined. The more attractive and less discriminative statements were excluded. A principal components analysis was carried out on the remaining EBAR items. Three factors were extracted. After varimax rotation they were tentatively labeled: Everyday Cognitive Functioning, Depression, and Hostility. Factor-driven EBAR subscales were designed, taking into account simpler items in the factor matrix. Results provide evidence for EBAR construct validity. Everyday Cognitive Functioning is connected to the IADL and the RA scores; Depression is very highly related to the LSES; Hostility is weakly related to RA, IADL, and MMSE, indicating that the scale needs further investigation.

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