scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of 6685 Organisms Isolated from Canadian Hospitals: CANWARD 2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 20A-30A
Author(s):  
George G Zhanel ◽  
Mel DeCorby ◽  
Kim A Nichol ◽  
Aleksandra Wierzbowski ◽  
Patricia J Baudry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Testing Susceptibility ◽  
Polymyxin E ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem in North American hospitals as well as hospitals worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commonly used agents against the 20 most common organisms isolated from Canadian hospitals. METHODS: In total, 7881 isolates were obtained between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007, from 12 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007). Of these, 6685 isolates (20 most common organisms) obtained from bacteremic, urinary, respiratory and wound specimens underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing was assessed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. RESULTS: The most active (based upon minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] data only) agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) were dalbavancin, daptomycin, linezolid, telavancin, tigecycline and vancomycin, with MICs required to inhibit the growth of 90% of organisms (MIC90) of 0.06 μg/mL and 0.06 μg/mL, 0.25 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL, 0.25 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, 0.5 μg/mL and 0.25 μg/mL, and 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively. The most active agents against vancomycin-resistant enterococci were daptomycin, linezolid and tigecycline with MIC90sof 2 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL and 0.12 μg/mL, respectively. The most active agents againstEscherichia coliwere amikacin, cefepime, ertapenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam and tigecycline with MIC90sof 4 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL, 0.06 μg/mL or less, 0.12 μg/mL or less, 4 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL, respectively. The most active agents against extendedspectrum beta-lactamase-producing E coli were ertapenem, meropenem and tigecycline with MIC90sof 0.12 μg/mL or less, 0.12 μg/mL or less and 1 μg/mL, respectively. The most active agents againstPseudomonas aeruginosawere amikacin, cefepime, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam with MIC90sof 32 μg/mL, 32 μg/mL, 8 μg/mL and 64 μg/mL, respectively. The most active agents againstStenotrophomonas maltophiliawere tigecycline and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin with MIC90sof 8 μg/mL, 8 μg/mL and 8 μg/mL, respectively. The most active agents againstAcinetobacter baumanniiwere amikacin, fluoroquinolones (eg, levofloxacin), meropenem, and tigecycline with MIC90sof 2 μg/mL or less, 1 μg/mL, 4 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The most active agents versus Gram-positive cocci from Canadian hospitals were vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, tigecycline, dalbavancin and telavancin. The most active agents versus Gram-negative bacilli from Canadian hospitals were amikacin, cefepime, ertapenem (notP aeruginosa), meropenem, piperacillintazobactam and tigecycline (notP aeruginosa). Colistin (polymyxin E) was very active againstP aeruginosaandA baumannii.

scholarly journals Baseline Activity of Telavancin against Gram-Positive Clinical Isolates Responsible for Documented Infections in U.S. Hospitals (2011-2012) as Determined by the Revised Susceptibility Testing Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo E. Mendes ◽  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Baseline Activity ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACTTelavancin had MIC50and MIC90values of 0.03 and 0.06 μg/ml (100.0% susceptible), respectively, against methicillin-resistant and -susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus. Telavancin was active against vancomycin-susceptibleEnterococcus faecalis(MIC50/90, 0.12/0.12 μg/ml; 100% susceptible) andEnterococcus faecium(MIC50/90, 0.03/0.06 μg/ml), while higher MIC values were obtained against vancomycin-resistantE. faecium(MIC50/90, 1/2 μg/ml) andE. faecalis(MIC50/90, >2/>2 μg/ml). Streptococci showed telavancin modal MIC results of ≤0.015 μg/ml, except againstStreptococcus agalactiae(i.e., 0.03 μg/ml). This study reestablishes the telavancin spectrum of activity against isolates recovered from the United States (2011-2012) using the revised broth microdilution method.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance of nosocomial Enterococcus spp. isolated from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Galina A. Klyasova ◽  
Anastasiya V. Fyodorova ◽  
I.N. Frolova ◽  
Svetlana A. Khrulnova ◽  
A.V. Vetokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Resistant Isolate ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Vana Gene ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Objective. To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus spp. isolated from blood culture in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and Methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 427 Enterococcus spp. collected from 10 hospitals in 8 cities of Russia in 2002-2016 as part of the multicenter study was tested by the broth microdilution method [CLSI 2015]. Results. Among bloodstream pathogens there was a prevalence of E. faecium (78.2%), followed by E. faecalis (19.7%) and other Enterococcus spp. (2.1%). A total of 50 (15%) vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus – VRE) was detected, of them 33 (66%) were harboring vanA gene, 17 (34%) – vanB gene. In 2012 one linezolid resistant E. faecium (MIC = 16 µg/mL) was detected. Linezolid-resistant E. faecium contained the G2576T 23S rRNA mutation. All VRE faecium including the one linezolid-resistant isolate were susceptible to daptomycin. All E. faecium were susceptible to tigecycline, 78.7% – to chloramphenicol, 74.9% – to tetracycline. Proportion of E. faecium with high level resistance to gentamicin was 85%, to streptomycin – 60%, to both aminoglycosides – 45%. All E. faecalis were susceptible to linezolid, teicoplanin and tigecycline; 97.6% – to ampicillin. One isolate of E. faecalis (1.2%) with intermediate susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC = 16 µg/mL) harboring vanD gene and one isolate of E. gallinarum resistant to vancomycin, carrying vanC1 and vanB genes were detected. Conclusions. Isolates of E. faecalis had more favorable profile of antimicrobial susceptibility comparing to E. faecium. A total of 15% E. faecium were vancomycin resistant and one of them had resistance to linezolid. In this study one E. faecalis and one E. gallinarum isolates were non-susceptible to vancomycin.

Improved Broth Microdilution Method for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ofFrancisella Noatunensis Orientalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Soto ◽  
Iona Halliday-Simmonds ◽  
Stewart Francis ◽  
Trellor Fraites ◽  
Beatriz Martínez-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

scholarly journals Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Canadian Hospitals: Results of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007)

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl a) ◽  
pp. 9A-19A ◽  
Author(s):  
George G Zhanel ◽  
James A Karlowsky ◽  
Mel DeCorby ◽  
Kim A Nichol ◽  
Aleksandra Wierzbowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Rates

BACKGROUND: Canadian hospitals as well as hospitals worldwide are increasingly faced with antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of pathogens, including the resistance genotypes of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producingEscherichia coliin Canadian hospitals, as well as their antimicrobial resistance patterns. MEtHODS: Bacterial isolates were obtained between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2007, inclusive, from patients in 12 hospitals across Canada as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007). Isolates were obtained from bacteremic, urinary, respiratory and wound specimens and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Susceptibility testing was assessed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method. RESULTS: In total, 7881 isolates were recovered from clinical specimens of patients attending Canadian hospitals. The 7881 isolates were collected from respiratory (n=2306; 29.3%), blood (n=3631; 46.1%), wounds/tissue (n=617; 7.8%) and urinary (n=1327; 16.8%) specimens. The 10 most common organisms isolated from 76.5% of all clinical specimens wereE coli(21.6%), methicillin-susceptibleS aureus(13.9%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(8.9%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(8.0%),Klebsiella pneumoniae(5.8%), MRSA (4.9%),Haemophilus influenzae(4.3%), coagulase-negative staphylococci/taphylococcus epidermidisS (4.0%),Enterococcus species(3.0%) andEnterobacter cloacae(2.1%). MRSA made up 26.0% (385 of 1480) of allS aureus(genotypically, 79.2% of MRSA were health care-associated MRSA and 19.5% were community-associated MRSA), and VRE made up 1.8% of all enterococci (62.5% of VRE had thevanA genotype). ESBLproducingE colioccurred in 3.4% ofE coliisolates. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 as the predominant genotype. With MRSA, no resistance was observed to daptomycin, linezolid, tigecycline and vancomycin, while resistance rates to other agents were: clarithromycin 91.4%, clindamycin 61.8%, fluoroquinolones 88.6% to 89.6%, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 12.2%. WithE coli, no resistance was observed to ertapenem, meropenem and tigecycline, while resistance rates to other agents were: amikacin 0.1%, cefazolin 14.2%, cefepime 2.0%, ceftriaxone 8.9%, gentamicin 10.6%, fluoroquinolones 23.6% to 24.5%, piperacillin-tazobactam 1.3% and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 26.6%. Resistance rates withP aeruginosawere: amikacin 7.6%, cefepime 11.7%, gentamicin 20.8%, fluoroquinolones 23.4% to 25.1%, meropenem 8.1% and piperacillin- tazobactam 7.3%. A MDR phenotype (resistance to three or more of cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, amikacin or gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin) occurred frequently inP aeruginosa(10.6%) but uncommonly inE coli(1.2%),K pneumoniae(1.5%),E cloacae(0%) orH influenzae(0%). CONCLUSIONS:E coli,S aureus(methicillin-susceptible and MRSA),S pneumoniae,P aeruginosa,K pneumoniae,H influenzaeandEnterococcusspecies are the most common isolates recovered from clinical specimens in Canadian hospitals. The prevalence of MRSA was 26.0% (of which genotypically, 19.5% was community-associated MRSA), while VRE and ESBL-producingE colioccurred in 1.8% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. A MDR phenotype is common withP aeruginosain Canadian hospitals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and association with serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in children with acute otitis media and acute sinusitis in Belarus

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-215
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Davydov ◽  
L.P. Titov ◽  
N.L. Klyuiko ◽  
V.V. Gurinovich ◽  
A.V. Lazarev
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Acute Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Objective. To study antibiotic resistance and its association with serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniaeisolated from hospitalized children with community­acquired ENT infections in Belarus during 2013­2016 and to analyze a potential for the use of different antibiotic classes in the treatment of those infections.Materials and methods. A total of 115 strains isolated from children with acute otitis media and 18 strains isolated from children with acute rhinosinusitis were tested. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a broth microdilution method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results were interpreted according to the CLSI 2017 and EUCAST 2017 criteria.Results. Pneumococcal isolates obtained from the children with acute otitis media have the high rates (50­74%) of non­susceptibility to the majority of beta­lactams, 14­/15­/16­membered macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, folate pathway inhibitors. Rates of non­susceptible to benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, III­IV generation cephalosporins, and ertapenem isolates were 37­39%. All tested pneumococcal isolates were fully susceptible to fluoroquinolones, ansamycins, glycopeptides, and oxazolidinones. Wild­type strains were rare (13%). MDR and XDR strains were found in 71% and 38% of children, respectively, and belonged to vaccine serotypes, i.e. were fully covered by PCV13 and PPSV23, but partly covered by PCV10 (84% MDR and 80% XDR strains). Pneumococcal isolates from children with acute rhinosinusitis had lower antimicrobial resistance rates and incidence rates of MDR and XDR strains. It can be explained by different serotype distribution in different age­group patients with different types of infection. There were found associations between a patient's age <5 years, “pediatric” serotype, and risk for antibiotic resistant pneumococcal infection.

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