scholarly journals Acquired Jugular Vein Aneurysm

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki Hopsu ◽  
Jussi Tarkkanen ◽  
Seija I. Vento ◽  
Anne Pitkäranta
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Venous Dilatation

Venous malformations of the jugular veins are rare findings. Aneurysms and phlebectasias are the lesions most often reported. We report on an adult patient with an abruptly appearing large tumorous mass on the left side of the neck identified as a jugular vein aneurysm. Upon clinical examination with ultrasound, a lateral neck cyst was primarily suspected. Surgery revealed a saccular aneurysm in intimate connection with the internal jugular vein. Histology showed an organized hematoma inside the aneurysmal sac, which had a focally thinned muscular layer. The terminology and the treatment guidelines of venous dilatation lesions are discussed. For phlebectasias, conservative treatment is usually recommended, whereas for saccular aneurysms, surgical resection is the treatment of choice. While an exact classification based on etiology and pathophysiology is not possible, a more uniform taxonomy would clarify the guidelines for different therapeutic modalities for venous dilatation lesions.

scholarly journals Internal jugular phlebectasia: A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Figueroa-Sanchez ◽  
Ana S. Ferrigno ◽  
Mario Benvenutti-Regato ◽  
Enrique Caro-Osorio ◽  
Hector R. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Jugular Phlebectasia ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Internal jugular phlebectasia (IJP), the abnormal dilatation of internal jugular vein, is generally considered a benign anomaly. However, because IJP is uncommon, little is known about its natural history, and currently, no consensus on the best treatment modality is available. Methods: The purpose of this article is to conduct a systematic review of available literature on recently reported IJP cases to understand the main characteristics of IJP and its most frequent therapeutic approaches. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, literature search for IJP cases was conducted in the COCHRANE, PUBMED, EBSCOHOST, SCOPUS, OVID, and SCIELO databases. Results: A total of 97 original articles were found, with a total of 247 IJP cases reported including both pediatric and adult patients. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest systematic review analyzing all the reported cases of IJP. IJP is considered by most authors as a benign abnormality that predominantly affects the right jugular vein. It is most commonly diagnosed in children. At present, conservative treatment is preferred for pediatric but not for adult patients. Multicenter randomized prospective studies are required to further understand this rare anomaly.

The Chronic Stenosis of the Internal Jugular Veins as a Cause of Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Salvatore Spagnolo ◽  
◽  
Luciano Barbato ◽  
Maria Antonietta Grasso ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Clinical Pictures ◽  
The Brain

Recent perfusion-weighted imaging studies have shown that two clinical pictures characterize multiple sclerosis: intermittent focal inflammatory demyelination and diffuse progressive axonal degeneration. Their etiopathogenesis is not known. We hypothesize that a chronic obstacle to the outflow of blood from the brain can cause these two clinical pictures. We had already shown angiographically that the stenosis of the internal jugular vein causes a systemic-cerebral shunt and a reversal of the venous circulation brain and gives rise to the new circuit that directly connects the superior vena cava system to the straight sinus. This new circuit can cause the BBB to break and new plaques to form. The introduction of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in cardiac surgery has made it possible to demonstrate that obstruction of the superior vena cava is capable of causing cerebral hypoperfusion, responsible for the progressive degeneration of axons. To confirm the relationship between superior vena cava syndrome and cerebral hypoperfusion, in 35 of the152 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and jugular vein stenosis, operated on the plastic of jugular vein enlargement, we measured oxygen saturation in the brain. Material and Methods To measure changes in the oxygen saturation of regional brain tissue (rctSO2) before, during and after clamping the jugular veins, we applied two sensors in the left and right frontal region, and we connected them to a biosignal recorder (Invos-5100 system). Results Closing or opening the IJV produced significant changes in the rctSO2 values. Before clamping, saturations varied between 77% - 78%, while during clamping they decreased reaching values between 48% - 58% (p <0, 05). After declamping, the rctSO2 returned to its starting values. These results confirmed that obstruction of the jugular veins causes a significant reduction in rctSO2 values and cerebral hypoperfusion. Conclusions In MS patients, chronic jugular veins stenosis generates two different clinical pictures: Diffuse cerebral hypoperfusion, documented by the lowering of rctSO2. Systemic-cerebral shunt and inversion of cerebral venous circulation capable of causing a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses in People with Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-104
Author(s):  
Laura Humphries ◽  
Dasari Michael ◽  
Angela Hassiotis
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Medication Side ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Individuals with an Intellectual Disability (ID) have an increased prevalence of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs). The complex interplay between the symptoms of SSD and the individual’s level of development often give rise to atypical presentations. This is more so in individuals with a significant ID. Current classification systems may not adequately cover all the conditions experienced by individuals and may not be entirely captured under SSDs. It is important that the clinician gathers appropriate information from all relevant sources, including family, carers, educational establishments, and day care providers. Evidence for interventions in ID is sparse and treatment guidelines are based on evidence from the general population, which need to be extrapolated with caution, bearing in mind individual characteristics. The management of SSDs in ID requires a holistic approach, which takes into account their level of ID, sensitivity to medication, side effects and drug interactions and consideration towards other therapeutic modalities such as individual supports or CBT. The social aspects of management play a vital part in the treatment programme and the involvement of family and carers is crucial.

Effect of hepatic portal infusion of pyruvate on pancreatic hormone response during exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. R1630-R1636 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cardin ◽  
R. Helie ◽  
R. Bergeron ◽  
B. Comte ◽  
G. van de Werve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Hormone Response ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
Pancreatic Hormone

The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effects of a small infusion of pyruvate into the hepatic portal vein on the pancreatic hormone response during exercise (30-min treadmill run; 26 m/min, 0% grade) in adrenodemedullated rats. Resting and exercising rats were infused with either pyruvate (5% solution; 0.016 ml/min) into the portal vein, pyruvate into the jugular vein, or saline into the portal vein. Peripheral and portal blood glucose concentrations were decreased (P < 0.01) similarly in all groups after the exercise period. Peripheral insulin, glucagon, and norepinephrine levels, either at rest or after exercise, were not significantly affected by the infusions. The response of portal pancreatic hormone concentrations to exercise was, however, reduced by the pyruvate infused into the portal and jugular veins for insulin and into the portal vein only for glucagon. The normal increase in peripheral glucagon-insulin molar ratio during exercise was shut down by the infusion of pyruvate into the portal vein but not by the infusion of pyruvate into the jugular vein or by the infusion of saline. These results indicate that a small blood infusion of pyruvate, even in the presence of a decreasing blood glucose level, can attenuate substantially the pancreatic hormone response during exercise in adrenodemedullated rats.

Saccular Aneurysm of the Internal Jugular Vein in an Adult Patient and Its Surgical Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. e352-e353
Author(s):  
Murat Ozturk ◽  
Sadan Yavuz ◽  
Kasim Durmus ◽  
Fidan Rahimli
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Saccular Aneurysm

Prostacyclin Production By Autogenous Venous Grafts In Dogs

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Eldor ◽  
E L Hoover ◽  
S B Pett ◽  
W A Gay ◽  
D R Alonzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Vein Grafts ◽  
Venous Grafts ◽  
System A ◽  
Radioimmune Assay ◽  
Smooth Muscle Proliferation ◽  
Prostacyclin Production

Arteries are capable of producing significantly larger quantities of prostacyclin than veins. Experiments were designed to compare the production of prostacyclin by venous autografts to that of normal veins and arteries, and to test the hypothesis that prostacyclin production by the vessel wall is related to blood pressure and flow. In 20 dogs a segment of jugular vein was interposed into the carotid system; a sham dissection was done on the opposite side. Six weeks later specimens of venous autograft, jugular vein and carotid artery were taken for histology and radioimmune assay of prostacyclin. “Arterialized” vein grafts showed prominent intima lined by endothelium, medial smooth muscle proliferation and fibrotic proliferation in adventitia. Spontaneous and arachidonic acid stimulated prostacyclin production was not significantly different in venous autografts and jugular veins. Significantly larger amounts of prostacyclin were synthesized by the carotid artery; table shows mean ± S.E. in ng/ml.We conclude that the histological and rheological changes in vein grafts do not affect prostacyclin production. While normal veins never develop atheroma, atherosclerosis is prevalent in venous autografts. The above may be explained in part by the impairment of one of the vascular defense mechanisms, namely the decreased prostacyclin production in venous grafts.

scholarly journals Primary renal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e231000
Author(s):  
Jessica Connor ◽  
Johnson F Tsui ◽  
Wenlei He ◽  
Ravi Munver
Keyword(s):  
Adult Patient ◽  
Radical Nephrectomy ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

Adult renal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive entity with a paucity of data and reports in the literature. As a result, treatment guidelines for this malignancy are not well-established. Herein, we present the diagnosis, management and clinical course of a 39-year-old patient diagnosed with primary renal embryonal RMS (ERMS) following radical nephrectomy. We also review the existing literature on primary renal ERMS.

scholarly journals Placement of Hemodialysis Catheters with a Technical, Functional, and Anatomical Viewpoint

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeki Aydin ◽  
Meltem Gursu ◽  
Sami Uzun ◽  
Serhat Karadag ◽  
Emel Tatli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Arterial Puncture ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Us Guidance ◽  
Lung Trauma ◽  
Catheter Implantation ◽  
Decrease Use

Aims. Vascular access is of prime importance for hemodialysis patients. We aimed to study early complications of hemodialysis catheters placed in different central veins in patients with acute or chronic renal failure with or without ultrasound (US ) guidance.Material and Methods. Patients who were admitted to our unit between March 2008 and December 2010 with need for vascular access have been included. 908 patients were examined for their demographic parameters, primary renal disease, and indication for catheterization, type and location of the catheter, implantation technique, and acute complications.Results. The mean age of the patients was 60.6 ± 16.0 years. 643 (70.8 %) of the catheters were temporary while 265 (29.2%) were permanent. 684 catheters were inserted to internal jugular veins, 213 to femoral, and 11 to subclavian veins. Arterial puncture occurred in 88 (9.7%) among which 13 had resultant subcutaneous hematoma. No patient had lung trauma and there had been no need for removal of the catheter or a surgical intervention for complications. US guidance in jugular vein and experience of operator decreased arterial puncture rate.Conclusion. US-guided replacement of catheter to internal jugular vein would decrease complication rate. Referral to invasive nephrologists may decrease use of subclavian vein. Experience improves complication rates even under US guidance.

scholarly journals Class III malocclusion and bilateral cross-bite in an adult patient treated with miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander and aligners

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Lombardo ◽  
Antonella Carlucci ◽  
Bortolo Giuliano Maino ◽  
Anna Colonna ◽  
Emanuele Paoletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Adult Patient ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Skeletal Pattern

ABSTRACT This case report describes the use of a miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander and aligners to correct bilateral cross-bite and crowding in an adult patient with a Class III skeletal pattern. A digitally designed surgical guide was three-dimensionally printed and used to accurately insert four miniscrews into the palate; these were employed to anchor a novel miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander appliance without any dental anchorage. Cone-beam computed tomograms before and after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander treatment demonstrated the orthopedic expansion of the maxilla without dental tipping. The patient was then fitted with aligners to correct crowding and malocclusion. This case report demonstrates the successful treatment of an adult patient with a narrow maxilla and bilateral cross-bite using a nonsurgical, conservative treatment.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Univent® Endotracheal Tube on Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schummer ◽  
C. Schummer ◽  
R. Frober ◽  
J. Fuchs ◽  
M. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Left Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right

This prospective clinical investigation assessed the effect of placement of a Univent® tube on the anatomy of the internal jugular veins and the success of cannulation of the left internal jugular vein. After obtaining informed consent, 48 adult patients were enrolled. Of these, 42 patients were eligible and were divided into two groups: Univent® tube (group U, n=21) and wire enforced endotracheal tube (group C, n=21). The Univent® tube group were having a left thoracotomy. Using horizontal ultrasound scans just above the thyroid gland, the internal jugular vein was visualized and measured before and after Univent® placement. The number of needle passes necessary to cannulate the left internal jugular vein in the two groups was also compared. Univent® tubes were associated with lateral displacement of the right carotid artery and internal jugular vein on the convex side of the Univent® tube, with compression of the right internal jugular vein by the artery, resulting in a kidney-shaped cross-section of the vein. On the left (concave side of the tube), the neck was indented, the sheath of the left carotid artery was displaced medially, and the left internal jugular vein distorted to an ellipse. There was a significant increase in the lateral diameter and a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the left internal jugular vein (t-test, P<0.05). The first attempt at cannulation of the left internal jugular vein failed significantly more often in the Univent® group (13/21 vs 5/21 in group C, Chi-square 6.22, P=0.025). Cannulation of the internal jugular vein before placement of the Univent® tube, or placement with ultrasound guidance is suggested.

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