scholarly journals Proteomics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel González-Fernández ◽  
Elena Prats ◽  
Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Opening Up

Plant pathogenic fungi cause important yield losses in crops. In order to develop efficient and environmental friendly crop protection strategies, molecular studies of the fungal biological cycle, virulence factors, and interaction with its host are necessary. For that reason, several approaches have been performed using both classical genetic, cell biology, and biochemistry and the modern, holistic, and high-throughput, omic techniques. This work briefly overviews the tools available for studying Plant Pathogenic Fungi and is amply focused on MS-based Proteomics analysis, based on original papers published up to December 2009. At a methodological level, different steps in a proteomic workflow experiment are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to fungal descriptive (intracellular, subcellular, extracellular) and differential expression proteomics and interactomics. From the work published we can conclude that Proteomics, in combination with other techniques, constitutes a powerful tool for providing important information about pathogenicity and virulence factors, thus opening up new possibilities for crop disease diagnosis and crop protection.

Resolving Fusarium: Current Status of the Genus

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Summerell
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fungal Genus

The fungal genus Fusarium is one of the most important groups of plant-pathogenic fungi and affects a huge diversity of crops in all climatic zones across the globe. In addition, it is also a human pathogen and produces several extremely important mycotoxins in food products that have deleterious effects on livestock and humans. These fungi have been plagued over the past century by different perspectives of what constitutes the genus Fusarium and how many species occur within the genus. Currently, there are conflicting views on the generic boundaries and what defines a species that impact disease diagnosis, management, and biosecurity legislation. An approach to defining and identifying Fusarium that places the needs of the community of users (especially, in this case, phytopathologists) to the forefront is presented in this review.

scholarly journals Talaromyces–Insect Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rosario Nicoletti ◽  
Andrea Becchimanzi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Increasing Trend

Facing the urgent need to reduce the input of agrochemicals, in recent years, the ecological relationships between plants and their associated microorganisms have been increasingly considered as an essential tool for improving crop production. New findings and data have been accumulated showing that the application of fungi can go beyond the specific role that has been traditionally assigned to the species, employed in integrated pest management as entomopathogens or mycoparasites, and that strains combining both aptitudes can be identified and possibly used as multipurpose biocontrol agents. Mainly considered for their antagonistic relationships with plant pathogenic fungi, species in the genus Talaromyces have been more and more widely reported as insect associates in investigations carried out in various agricultural and non-agricultural contexts. Out of a total of over 170 species currently accepted in this genus, so far, 27 have been found to have an association with insects from 9 orders, with an evident increasing trend. The nature of their mutualistic and antagonistic relationships with insects, and their ability to synthesize bioactive compounds possibly involved in the expression of the latter kind of interactions, are analyzed in this paper with reference to the ecological impact and applicative perspectives in crop protection.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Novel Pyrimethanil Grafted Chitosan Derivatives with Enhanced Antifungal Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Yukun Qin ◽  
Ronge Xing ◽  
Xiaolin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Ft Ir

In this study, three pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (PML-g-CS) derivatives were obtained. The structures of the conjugates were confirmed by FT-IR,1H NMR, and EA. The grafting ratios were measured by HPLC. Antifungal properties of pyrimethanil grafted chitosan (PML-g-CS) derivatives against the plant pathogenic fungiRhizoctonia solaniandGibberella zeaewere investigated at concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/L. The PML-g-CS derivatives showed enhanced antifungal activity in comparison with chitosan. The PML-g-CS-1 showed the best antifungal activity againstR. solani, whose antifungal index was 58.32%. The PML-g-CS-2 showed the best antifungal activity againstG. zeae, whose antifungal index was 53.48%. The conjugation of chitosan and pyrimethanil showed synergistic effect. The PML-g-CS derivatives we developed showed potential for further study and application in crop protection.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology: an Emerging Hope in Crop Improvement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2784-2803
Keyword(s):  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Disease Tolerance ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

The application of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture completely changed the present farming practices. One of the emerging challenges in the current agricultural system is developing disease resistance and increased productivity without accumulating environmental pollutants. Most of the applied conventional chemical fertilizers and pesticides have several side effects on both plants and the environment. Nanotechnology-based crop protection strategies have the potential to induce disease tolerance and enhancement of crop yield. Benefits of using nanoparticles in the agricultural fields include reducing environmental pollutants, rapid disease diagnosis, simple preparation process, less toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. Green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts gained special attention as it is reproducible, biodegradable, and very effective against several plant pathogenic microbes. In the present review, we have discussed how different nanoparticles are being used to induce disease tolerance in crops, different types of nanoparticles, synthesis and characterization, uptake, and translocation process in plants. The molecular approaches of disease management using nanoparticles and the application of nanobiosensors are also enlightened in this review.

Comparative biochemical and structural characterizations of fungal polygalacturonases

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryakant Niture
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Plant Pathogenesis ◽  
Structural Characterizations ◽  
Structural Aspects

AbstractEndo- and exo-polygalacturonases produced by various fungi are involved in the degradation of pectic substances. They have found a wide range of applications in the food and textile industries. Several phyto-pathogenic fungi secrete polygalacturonases and they act as virulence factors during plant pathogenesis. The comparison of biochemical properties of different fungal polygalacturonases, their mechanism of actions, structural aspects and interactions with inhibitors/proteins could be used as a possible strategy for the fungal-crop disease management. This review focuses on fungal polygalacturonases, including their regulation, comparative biochemical and structural characterizations and their interactions with inhibitors.

Machine Learning in Agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew N. O. Sadiku ◽  
Chandra M. M Kotteti ◽  
Sarhan M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Automated Detection ◽  
Disease Prediction ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Crop Disease

Machine learning is an emerging field of artificial intelligence which can be applied to the agriculture sector. It refers to the automated detection of meaningful patterns in a given data.  Modern agriculture seeks ways to conserve water, use nutrients and energy more efficiently, and adapt to climate change.  Machine learning in agriculture allows for more accurate disease diagnosis and crop disease prediction. This paper briefly introduces what machine learning can do in the agriculture sector.

Fungal Phytotoxins in Sustainable Weed Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Vurro ◽  
Angela Boari ◽  
Francesca Casella ◽  
Maria Chiara Zonno
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Toxic Metabolites

Fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic fungi during host–pathogen interactions. They have received considerable particular attention for elucidating disease etiology, and consequently to design strategies for disease control. Due to wide differences in their chemical structures, these toxic metabolites have different ecological and environmental roles and mechanisms of action. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the possible use of these metabolites as tools in biological and integrated weed management, e.g. as: novel and environmentally friendly herbicides; lead for novel compounds; sources of novel mechanisms of action. Moreover, the limiting factors for utilizing those metabolites in practice will also be briefly discussed.

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