scholarly journals Fatal H1N1-Related Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in an Adult

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jin Lee ◽  
D. Scott Smith ◽  
Vivek A. Rao ◽  
Robert D. Siegel ◽  
Jon Kosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Acute Necrotizing ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a severe neurological complication of influenza infection, including H1N1 influenza. Many cases of ANE have been reported in the pediatric literature, but very few cases have been described in adults. The cause of ANE remains unknown—the influenza virus is not known to be neurotropic, and evidence of direct viral involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) has not been demonstrated in the limited cases of ANE in which pathological specimens have been obtained. Here we report a fatal case of ANE from H1N1 influenza infection in an adult. Neuroimaging and postmortem analysis both showed widespread brain edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage, but molecular studies and postmortem pathology revealed no evidence of direct viral involvement of the CNS. This case of fatal ANE in an adult is consistent with the hypothesis generated from pediatric cases that the host immune response, and not direct viral invasion of the CNS, is responsible for pathogenesis of ANE.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in a child with H1N1 influenza infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane B. Lyon ◽  
Cheryl Remigio ◽  
Thomas Milligan ◽  
Carol Deline
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Infection ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy ◽  
Acute Necrotizing

scholarly journals A novel gene signature based on five immune checkpoint genes predicts the survival of glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
You Zhai ◽  
Guanzhang Li ◽  
Tao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Checkpoint Genes

Abstract Background Glioma is the most common and fatal type of nerve neoplasm in the central nervous system. Several biomarkers have been considered for prognosis prediction, which is not accurate enough. We aimed to carry out a gene signature related to the expression of immune checkpoints which was enough for its performance in prediction. Methods Gene expression of immune checkpoints in TGGA database was filtrated. The 5 selected genes underwent verification by COX and Lasso-COX regression. Next, the selected genes were included to build a novel signature for further analysis. Results Patients were sub-grouped into high and low risk according to the novel signature. Immune response, clinicopathologic characters, and survival showed significant differences between those 2 groups. Terms including “naive,” “effector,” and “IL-4” were screened out by GSEA. The results showed strong relevance between the signature and immune response. Conclusions We constructed a gene signature with 5 immune checkpoints. The signature predicted survival effectively. The novel signature performed more functional than previous biomarkers.

scholarly journals Rare case of Bing-Neel syndrome treated successfully with ibrutinib

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e230067
Author(s):  
Hamza Hashmi ◽  
Jugraj Singh Dhanoa ◽  
Robert Emmons
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lymphoproliferative Disorder ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma ◽  
Extranodal Involvement ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Waldenstrom’S Macroglobulinaemia

Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a lymphoproliferative disorder of the B cell origin. It is characterised by the presence of IgM paraprotein in the serum and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma cells in the bone marrow with extranodal involvement relatively uncommon. Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS) is a neurological complication of WM that results from infiltration of the central nervous system by malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells. We present an interesting case of BNS that responded remarkably to ibrutinib monotherapy.

scholarly journals The Role of Mast Cells in Stroke

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edoardo Parrella ◽  
Vanessa Porrini ◽  
Marina Benarese ◽  
Marina Pizzi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Mast cells (MCs) are densely granulated perivascular resident cells of hematopoietic origin. Through the release of preformed mediators stored in their granules and newly synthesized molecules, they are able to initiate, modulate, and prolong the immune response upon activation. Their presence in the central nervous system (CNS) has been documented for more than a century. Over the years, MCs have been associated with various neuroinflammatory conditions of CNS, including stroke. They can exacerbate CNS damage in models of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke by amplifying the inflammatory responses and promoting brain–blood barrier disruption, brain edema, extravasation, and hemorrhage. Here, we review the role of these peculiar cells in the pathophysiology of stroke, in both immature and adult brain. Further, we discuss the role of MCs as potential targets for the treatment of stroke and the compounds potentially active as MCs modulators.

scholarly journals Study of Neuraminidase-Inhibiting Antibodies in Clinical Trials of Live Influenza Vaccines

Antibodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Yulia Desheva ◽  
Tatiana Smolonogina ◽  
Svetlana Donina ◽  
Larisa Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Statistical Relationship ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
H5n1 Influenza

Background: Currently, the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines is assessed by detecting an increase of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. As neuraminidase (NA)-based immunity may be significant in protecting against influenza infection, detection of neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies may improve the assessment of the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. Methods: We investigated the immune response to NA in people after immunization with live influenza vaccines (LAIVs). A number of A/H7NX or A/H6NX viruses were used to detect NI antibodies, using an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Results: Seasonal LAIV immunization stimulated an increase in NI antibodies not only to homologous A/H1N1 influenza, but also to A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H5N1 influenza. After A/17/California/09/38 (H1N1) pdm09 LAIV vaccination, there was no statistical relationship between post-vaccinated antibody seroconversion and two surface glycoproteins in serum samples obtained from the same individuals (p = 0.24). Vaccination with LAIV of H5N2, H2N2, H7N3, and H7N9 subtypes led to 7%–29.6% NI antibody seroconversions in the absence of HI antibody conversions. There was relatively low coordination of hemagglutinin (HA) and NA antibody responses (r = 0.24–0.59). Conclusions: The previously noted autonomy for HI and NI immune responses was confirmed when assessing the immunogenicity of LAIVs. Combining the traditional HI test with the detection of NI antibodies can provide a more complete assessment of LAIV immunogenicity.

scholarly journals Role of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system in health and disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Quintero-Villegas ◽  
Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractIn mammalians, serotonin (5-HT) has critical roles in the central nervous system (CNS), including mood stability, pain tolerance, or sleep patterns. However, the vast majority of serotonin is produced by intestinal enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract and circulating blood platelets, also acting outside of the CNS. Serotonin effects are mediated through its interaction with 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs), a superfamily with a repertoire of at least fourteen well-characterized members. 5-HT7 receptors are the last 5-HTR member to be identified, with well-defined functions in the nervous, gastrointestinal, and vascular systems. The effects of serotonin on the immune response are less well understood. Mast cells are known to produce serotonin, while T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages and microglia express 5-HT7 receptor. Here, we review the known roles of 5-HT7 receptors in the immune system, as well as their potential therapeutic implication in inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders.

Mechanisms of the adaptive immune response inside the central nervous system during inflammatory and autoimmune diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Pedemonte ◽  
Gianluigi Mancardi ◽  
Debora Giunti ◽  
Anna Corcione ◽  
Federica Benvenuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The Central Nervous System
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