scholarly journals Production Efficiency of Cocoon Shell of Silkworm,Bombyx moriL. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera), as an Index for Evaluating the Nutritive Value of Mulberry,Morussp. (Moraceae), Varieties

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalaja Suresh Kumar ◽  
Nair Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Nutritive Values

The nutritional efficiency of mulberry leaves consumed by silkworms,Bombyx moriL., is usually evaluated in terms of the proportion of cocoon shell weight to the amount of food ingested. The production efficiency of cocoon shell is generally used to identify the superiority of a mulberry variety for silkworm rearing. In this study the production efficiency of cocoon shell was used as an index for evaluating the nutritive value of different mulberry varieties of India. Among the varieties, V-1, having highest production efficiency of cocoon shell with less amount of food ingested and highest digestibility, is regarded as the best suitable variety with nutritive values ideal for silkworm rearing.

scholarly journals Effects of Minerals on Growth of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L. and Their Impact on Cocoon Economic Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (March) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
MURUGESH K.A ◽  
◽  
ARUNA A ◽  
CHOZHAN K ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori

The present study aimed at increasing the cocoon yield by fortifying the mulberry leaves with minerals such as zinc sulphate, magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride at different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm) and feeding them to the silkworm Bombyx mori L. The oral application of minerals through mulberry leaves to silkworm larva during lateage instars significantly improved its larval and cocoon economic parameters. Among the five concentrations tested, it was observed that the zinc sulphate @ 100 ppm, magnesium sulphate @ 200 ppm and potassium chloride @ 100 ppm registered significantly higher mature larval weight, effective rate of rearing (ERR), cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight and shell ratio than the control. Per os administration of minerals also significantly reduced the fifth instar larval duration of silkworm.

scholarly journals Modification of the summative equation to estimate daily total digestible nutrients for bermudagrass pasture

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Woli ◽  
Francis M Rouquette ◽  
Charles R Long ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Guillermo Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Daily Total

Abstract In forage-animal nutrition modeling, diet energy is estimated mainly from the forage total digestible nutrients (TDN). As digestibility trials are expensive, TDN is usually estimated using summative equations. Early summative equations assumed a fixed coefficient to compute digestible fiber using the lignin-to-neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio. Subsequently, a structural coefficient (φ) was added to the summative equations to reflect an association between lignin and cell wall components. Additional modifications to the summative equations assumed a constant φ value, and they have been used as a standard method by many commercial laboratories and scientists. For feeds with nutritive values that do not change much over time, a constant φ value may suffice. However, for forages with nutritive values that keep changing during the grazing season owing to changes in weather and plant maturity, a constant φ value may add a systematic bias to prediction because it is associated with the variable lignin-to-NDF ratio. In this study, we developed a model to estimate φ as a function of the day of the year by using the daily TDN values of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], a popular warm-season perennial grass in the southern United States. The variable φ model was evaluated by using it in the TDN equation and comparing the estimated values with the observed ones obtained from several locations. Values of the various measures of fit used—the Willmott index (WI), the modeling efficiency (ME), R2, root mean square error (RMSE), and percent error (PE)—showed that using the variable φ vis-à-vis the constant φ improved the TDN equation significantly. The WI, ME, R2, RMSE, and PE values of 0.94, 0.80, 0.80, 2.5, and 4.7, respectively, indicated that the TDN equation with the variable φ model was able to mimic the observed values of TDN satisfactorily. Unlike the constant φ, the variable φ predicted more closely the forage nutritive value throughout the grazing season. The variable φ model may be useful to forage-beef modeling in accurately reflecting the impacts of plant maturity and weather on daily forage nutritive value and animal performance.

scholarly journals Effect of Antibiotics on the Haemocyte Count and Rearing Performance of Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 528-538
Author(s):  
Iqra Rafiq ◽  
Z. I. Buhroo ◽  
K. A. Sahaf ◽  
N. A. Ganie ◽  
M. F. Baqual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Silkworm Larvae ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Bombyx Mori L ◽  
Ceftiofur Sodium ◽  
Antibiotic Agents ◽  
Silkworm Bombyx Mori ◽  
Total Haemocyte Count

Background: Antibiotic agents have been used in recent years to increase the growth of silkworm larvae and to improve production. In this context, the present investigation reported the effects of ceftiofur sodium, oxytetracycline and enroflaxcin on total haemocyte count (cells/mm3), survival percentage and economic characteristics in silkworm Bombyx mori L. at various concentration levels. The study regarding the effect of antibiotics was conducted on the silkworm breed APS-45. Three concentrations (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%) were prepared for each antibiotic. The worms were reared upto 3rd instar without any treatment. After third moult silkworms were supplemented with antibiotic fortified mulberry leaves. Results: The experimental results showed that the effect of different antibiotics on economic parameters like larval weight, larval duration, cocoon weight, shell ratio and raw silk percentage were significantly increased in the treated lines in comparison to the control. Antibiotics also increased survival percentage and the most effective result was obtained at 0.15% of ceftiofur sodium followed by oxytetracycline and enroflaxcin. In the present study highest THC value of 9157.33 mm/cm3 was recorded in treatment ceftiofur sodium treated batch at concentration C3 0.15%. An increment in the total haemocyte count was observed in other treatments as well and the cell count increased with an increase in concentration of antibiotic dosage and the effectiveness of the antibiotics followed the order ceftiofur sodium, oxytetracycline and enroflaxcin. Conclusion: This research outlines that there is a significant improvement in the total haemocyte count and economic traits in silkworm with the supplementation of antibiotic fortified mulberry leaves. The antibiotic treatment has significantly improved the raw silk percentage and has been found to be effective in reducing the mortality of silkworms. So, this antibiotic fortification can be further exploited for higher raw silk production.

scholarly journals Comparative use of oyster shell and limestone as sources of calcium in the diet of laying chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
A. A. Mako ◽  
A. O. Mosuro ◽  
B. S. Adedeji ◽  
F. O. Jemiseye ◽  
T. Abokede
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Shell Weight

Egg producers primarily use oyster shell or limestone as supplemental sources of dietary calcium. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiencies of limestone (CaCo3 ) and oyster shell as calcium sources in the diets of laying hens. Ninety, 58 weeks old Golden Comet Hubbard laying birds were randomly allotted to three treatments of three replicates. Each replicate had 10 birds per replicate. Three different rations were formulated for the study. To include Diet 1 as the control, a diet with bone meal (46%) and oyster shell (54%). Diet 2 had oyster shell and bone meal supplying 82% and 18% of the dietary calcium while Diet 3 had 82% and 18% of the dietary calcium supplied by limestone and bone meal respectively. Feed and water were provided ad-libitum. The parameters measured include: Feed intake (g/d); Hen day production (%); Efficiency of feed utilization (kg); Egg and shell weight (g); Bone weight (g); Ash content of bone (%) and Calcium content of bone (%). The study lasted eight weeks. Results revealed that birds on Diet1 had the highest value for feed intake (0.11 g/d) that differed significantly (P<0.05) from the value (0.10 g/d) obtained for Diet 2 and 3 Hen day production for birds on Diet 2 (57.04) and Diet 3 (56.30) were similar, but differed significantly (P<0.05) from birds on Diet 1 (65.44). Efficiency of feed utilization (EFU kg) was not significantly affected by the dietary treatments as birds on Diet1 had the lowest EFU value (1.80) while birds on Diet 2 had the highest EFU value (2.05). A higher percent of eggs within 50-59g were laid by birds on Diet 3, while eggs of 60g and above were laid by birds on Diet 1 (62 g), significant (p<0.05) variations occurred among treatment means for these egg grade. Egg shell percent was not significant, same trend was observed for bone weight. The effect of dietary treatment on the ash content of bones were similar for birds on Diet 2 and 3, except for bone humerus, however, significant (p<0.05) variation occurred between birds on diets 1 and other two Diets. Calcium contents of the different bones were differed significantly (p<0.05) with birds on diet 3 recording the highest values for all bone investigated. It can be concluded from this study that Limestone can replace oyster shell as a source of calcium in the diet of laying hens without deleterious effect.

Effect of Maturity on Production Efficiency, Nutritive Value and in situ Nutrients Digestibility of Three Cereal Fodders

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 900-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohail Hassan Khan . ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Khan . ◽  
Mohammad Sarwar . ◽  
Atiya Azim .
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrients Digestibility

scholarly journals Managing Tallgrass Prairies for Productivity and Ecological Function: A Long-Term Grazing Experiment in the Southern Great Plains, USA

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steiner ◽  
Starks ◽  
Neel ◽  
Northup ◽  
Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Wide Range

The Great Plains of the USA is one of largest expanses of prairie ecosystems in the world. Prairies have been extensively converted to other land uses. The remaining prairie ecosystems are important for livestock grazing and provide benefits including habitat for avian, terrestrial, and aquatic species, carbon regulation, and hydrologic function. While producers, land management agencies, and some researchers have promoted livestock management using rotational stocking for increased production efficiency and enhanced ecosystem function, scientific literature has not provided a consensus on whether rotational stocking results in increased plant biomass or animal productivity. To address this research need, we established long-term grazing research using an adaptive management framework to encompass a wide range of production and ecological interactions on native grassland pastures. This paper describes objectives, design, and implementation of the long-term study to evaluate productivity and ecological effects of beef cow–calf management and production under continuous system (CS) or rotational system (RS) on native tallgrass prairie. Findings from 2009 to 2015 indicate that plant biomass and animal productivity were similar in the two grazing management systems. There were some indicators that forage nutritive value of standing biomass and soil nutrient content were enhanced in the RS system compared with the CS, yet individual calf body weight (BW) at weaning was greater in the CS. This prepares us to engage with producers to help determine the focus for the next phase of the research.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value of Commonly Consumed Bread in Yemen

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Al-MussaliI ◽  
Mohsen A. Al-Gahri
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
White Wheat ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Nutritive Values ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
Bakery Industry ◽  
Nutritive Composition ◽  
Wheat Flours

Bread has always been considered as the staple food of choice in Yemen. Because of the paucity of information on the nutritive composition of commonly consumed breads, this study was conducted. Samples were collected randomly from 10 bakeries located in different districts of Aden province, using white wheat and brown wheat flours produced in two different national milling plants located in Aden & AL-Hoddidah. Fresh crumb moisture, protein, fat, Ash, carbohydrates and energy were analyzed. Minerals such as Na, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu also determined using flame AAS after wet digestion by conc. nitric acid. The results were analyzed using the statistical program (Genestat-5). The results showed that bakery industry in Yemen does have problems with bread nutritive values especially in protein content and other minerals mainly K, Zn and Cu that are important for health to Yemeni consumer.

scholarly journals Mango and diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 056-058
Author(s):  
Bharti Kalra ◽  
Lovely Gupta ◽  
Deepak Khandelwal ◽  
Nishant Choubey
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Nutritive Values

The mango is considered as the king of fruits. It is one of the most consumed seasonal fruits in South Asia. Most persons with diabetes and health-care providers assume that mango should be strictly avoided by persons with diabetes. However, mango is a fruit with good nutritive value, low glycemic load as well as with acceptable glycemic index. In this short review, we summarize the nutritive values of mango, as well as the ways in which mangoes can be enjoyed, in moderation, by persons with diabetes.

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