Carbohydrate Utilization in the Young Calf. II. The Nutritive Value of Starch and the Effect of Lactose on the Nutritive Values of Starch and Corn Syrup in Synthetic Milk

Abstract In forage-animal nutrition modeling, diet energy is estimated mainly from the forage total digestible nutrients (TDN). As digestibility trials are expensive, TDN is usually estimated using summative equations. Early summative equations assumed a fixed coefficient to compute digestible fiber using the lignin-to-neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio. Subsequently, a structural coefficient (φ) was added to the summative equations to reflect an association between lignin and cell wall components. Additional modifications to the summative equations assumed a constant φ value, and they have been used as a standard method by many commercial laboratories and scientists. For feeds with nutritive values that do not change much over time, a constant φ value may suffice. However, for forages with nutritive values that keep changing during the grazing season owing to changes in weather and plant maturity, a constant φ value may add a systematic bias to prediction because it is associated with the variable lignin-to-NDF ratio. In this study, we developed a model to estimate φ as a function of the day of the year by using the daily TDN values of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], a popular warm-season perennial grass in the southern United States. The variable φ model was evaluated by using it in the TDN equation and comparing the estimated values with the observed ones obtained from several locations. Values of the various measures of fit used—the Willmott index (WI), the modeling efficiency (ME), R2, root mean square error (RMSE), and percent error (PE)—showed that using the variable φ vis-à-vis the constant φ improved the TDN equation significantly. The WI, ME, R2, RMSE, and PE values of 0.94, 0.80, 0.80, 2.5, and 4.7, respectively, indicated that the TDN equation with the variable φ model was able to mimic the observed values of TDN satisfactorily. Unlike the constant φ, the variable φ predicted more closely the forage nutritive value throughout the grazing season. The variable φ model may be useful to forage-beef modeling in accurately reflecting the impacts of plant maturity and weather on daily forage nutritive value and animal performance.

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The effect of heat treatment on the nutritive value of milk for the young calf

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19630019 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 193-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. W. G. Shillam ◽

J. H. B. Roy

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Young Calf

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Nutritive Value of Commonly Consumed Bread in Yemen

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2009/975960 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammed S. Al-MussaliI ◽

Mohsen A. Al-Gahri

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Staple Food ◽

White Wheat ◽

Wet Digestion ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Statistical Program ◽

Bakery Industry ◽

Nutritive Composition ◽

Wheat Flours

Bread has always been considered as the staple food of choice in Yemen. Because of the paucity of information on the nutritive composition of commonly consumed breads, this study was conducted. Samples were collected randomly from 10 bakeries located in different districts of Aden province, using white wheat and brown wheat flours produced in two different national milling plants located in Aden & AL-Hoddidah. Fresh crumb moisture, protein, fat, Ash, carbohydrates and energy were analyzed. Minerals such as Na, K, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu also determined using flame AAS after wet digestion by conc. nitric acid. The results were analyzed using the statistical program (Genestat-5). The results showed that bakery industry in Yemen does have problems with bread nutritive values especially in protein content and other minerals mainly K, Zn and Cu that are important for health to Yemeni consumer.

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Mango and diabetes

Journal of Social Health and Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1676187 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

pp. 056-058

Author(s):

Bharti Kalra ◽

Lovely Gupta ◽

Deepak Khandelwal ◽

Nishant Choubey

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

South Asia ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Glycemic Load ◽

Short Review ◽

Care Providers ◽

Nutritive Values

The mango is considered as the king of fruits. It is one of the most consumed seasonal fruits in South Asia. Most persons with diabetes and health-care providers assume that mango should be strictly avoided by persons with diabetes. However, mango is a fruit with good nutritive value, low glycemic load as well as with acceptable glycemic index. In this short review, we summarize the nutritive values of mango, as well as the ways in which mangoes can be enjoyed, in moderation, by persons with diabetes.

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Precipitation and seasonality affect grazing impacts on herbage nutritive values in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.1093/jpe/rtz027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 993-1008 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xixi Yao ◽

Jianping Wu ◽

Xuyin Gong

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Value ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Growing Season ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Nutritional Values ◽

Potentilla Fruticosa ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractAimsGrasslands used for animal husbandry are chosen depending on the nutritive values of dominant herbage species. However, the influence of grazing in combination with precipitation and growing season on the nutritive values of dominant species has not been explicated.MethodsTo unveil the influence of the different grazing intensities on the nutritional values, an ecological study was formulated, namely fencing (G0), light grazing (G1), moderate grazing (G2) and high grazing (G3). This ambitious study was undertaken on the nutritive values of the four dominant species of herbage in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) during growing season (June–September) for two successive years, namely 2015 (rainy year) and 2016 (droughty year).Important FindingsWe found that (i) the nutritive value of Kobresia capillifolia, Polygonum viviparum and Caragana sinica was noticeably increased by grazing, but negligible effect on Potentilla fruticosa nutritive value was recorded. (ii) During the rainy year (2015), compared with G0, Polygonum viviparum and Potentilla fruticosa displayed 5.4 and 1.5% increases in the crude protein (CP) content and 8.5 and 2.4% increases in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), respectively, while the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased by 13.5 and 0.9%, respectively. During the droughty year (2016), compared with G0, C. sinica and Potentilla fruticosa showed increases in the CP content by 4.3 and 1.3% and increases in the IVTD by 10.7 and 0.4%, respectively, during G3, while the NDF decreased by 6.0 and 1.0%, respectively. (iii) The nutritive values of all species were higher in the years when the rains were good. However, the nutritive values suffered heavily during drought conditions. Besides, the highest and lowest values of nutrition were detected in June and in September, respectively. The inter-seasonal and the inter-annual changes in the nutritional values of species were higher for K. capillifolia and Polygonum viviparum than for Potentilla fruticosa and C. sinica, suggesting that Potentilla fruticosa and C. sinica had higher water-use efficiency. (iv) Grazing clearly reduced the drought tolerance of three species and showed no effects on Potentilla fruticosa. (v) Grazing clearly increased the inter-month variation in the nutritional value of K. capillifolia and Polygonum viviparum but showed no effects on Potentilla fruticosa or C. sinica. Evidently, the grazing effects impacting the nutritional value of the dominant species of herbage exhibited conspicuous inter-annual and seasonal variations with species-specific influences and responses. Our findings are expected to have far-reaching implications enabling the authorities to arrive at strategic decisions and designing of relevant policies for the efficient management of the ecosystems ensuring the speed restoration of the QTP under severe grazing and extreme climatic circumstances.

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A short note on the nutritive value of linseed cake

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600009278 ◽

1928 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 702-703 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

James Stewart

Keyword(s):

Satisfactory Agreement ◽

Experimental Error ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Short Note ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Linseed Cake ◽

Food Consumed

Prof. T. B. Wood in the November issue of the Journal of the Ministry of Agriculture discussing the known methods of estimating the nutritive values of foodstuffs says, “there is a method which is within the scope of any experimenter and is capable of yielding accurate results of great practical value,” and he goes on to give examples, in the estimating of the nutritive value of swedes, kale, etc., using the results of an experiment which entailed the use of 40 to 120 animals. From these experiments he gets results showing a very satisfactory agreement between experiment and calculation, notwithstanding that there must be a slight experimental error in the calculation of food consumed.

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Influence of Increasing Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) or Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Densities on Forage Nutritive Value and Yield in Tall Fescue Pastures and Hay Fields

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00114.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 222-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kristin K. Rosenbaum ◽

K. W. Bradley ◽

Craig A. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Total Yield ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Biomass Yields

Separate field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effects of increasing densities of common ragweed or common cocklebur on total yield and forage nutritive values in tall fescue pastures. Common ragweed densities ranged from 0 to 188 plants m−2, and common cocklebur densities ranged from 0 to 134 plants m−2. Total biomass yields (weeds plus tall fescue) were determined in response to each weed density and species; pure samples of tall fescue, common ragweed, or common cocklebur were also hand collected from each plot at the time of the total biomass harvest. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to predict crude protein (CP) concentration and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of the total harvested biomass, pure tall fescue, and pure weed species in each plot. Results indicate that biomass yields may increase by as much as 5 kg ha−1with each additional common ragweed plant m−2within a tall fescue stand. Additionally, CP concentration of the total harvested biomass, pure weed species, and tall fescue decreased by 0.2 to 0.4 g kg−1with each additional increase in common ragweed or common cocklebur plant per m−2. As weed densities increased, IVTD of pure tall fescue samples increased only minimally (0.04%), regardless of the weed species. An increase in common ragweed density also resulted in the CP concentration of pure samples of common ragweed to decrease by 0.2 g kg−1for each additional plant per m2and by 0.4 g kg−1for each additional common cocklebur per m2. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that plant biomass yield and nutritive values of the total harvested biomass are only marginally influenced by increasing common ragweed or common cocklebur densities.

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The effect of heat treatment on the nutritive value of milk for the young calf

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19620058 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 593-601 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

K. W. G. Shillam ◽

J. H. B. Roy ◽

P. L. Ingram

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Young Calf

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Production Efficiency of Cocoon Shell of Silkworm,Bombyx moriL. (Bombycidae: Lepidoptera), as an Index for Evaluating the Nutritive Value of Mulberry,Morussp. (Moraceae), Varieties

Psyche A Journal of Entomology ◽

10.1155/2011/807363 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jalaja Suresh Kumar ◽

Nair Suresh Kumar

Keyword(s):

Bombyx Mori ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Shell Weight ◽

Mulberry Leaves ◽

Nutritive Values

The nutritional efficiency of mulberry leaves consumed by silkworms,Bombyx moriL., is usually evaluated in terms of the proportion of cocoon shell weight to the amount of food ingested. The production efficiency of cocoon shell is generally used to identify the superiority of a mulberry variety for silkworm rearing. In this study the production efficiency of cocoon shell was used as an index for evaluating the nutritive value of different mulberry varieties of India. Among the varieties, V-1, having highest production efficiency of cocoon shell with less amount of food ingested and highest digestibility, is regarded as the best suitable variety with nutritive values ideal for silkworm rearing.

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