scholarly journals Situational Motivation and Perceived Intensity: Their Interaction in Predicting Changes in Positive Affect from Physical Activity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Guérin ◽  
Michelle S. Fortier
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Situational Motivation

There is evidence that affective experiences surrounding physical activity can contribute to the proper self-regulation of an active lifestyle. Motivation toward physical activity, as portrayed by self-determination theory, has been linked to positive affect, as has the intensity of physical activity, especially of a preferred nature. The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the interaction between situational motivation and intensity [i.e., ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)] in predicting changes in positive affect following an acute bout of preferred physical activity, namely, running. Fourty-one female runners engaged in a 30-minute self-paced treadmill run in a laboratory context. Situational motivation for running, pre- and post-running positive affect, and RPE were assessed via validated self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between RPE and introjection (P<.05) but not between RPE and identified regulation or intrinsic motivation. At low levels of introjection, the influence of RPE on the change in positive affect was considerable, with higher RPE ratings being associated with greater increases in positive affect. The implications of the findings in light of SDT principles as well as the potential contingencies between the regulations and RPE in predicting positive affect among women are discussed.

scholarly journals An experience sampling study of physical activity and positive affect: investigating the role of situational motivation and perceived intensity across time

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Guérin ◽  
Michelle S. Fortier ◽  
Shane N. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Situational Motivation

The nature of the association between physical activity and positive affect is complex, prompting experts to recommend continued examination of moderating variables. The main purpose of this 2-week field study was to examine the influence of situational motivational regulations from self-determination theory (SDT) on changes in positive affect from pre- to post- to 3-hours post-physical activity. Another purpose was to clarify the relationship between physical activity intensity [<em>i.e</em>., Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)] and positive affect at the stated time points. This study employed an experience sampling design using electronic questionnaires. Sixty-six healthy and active, multiple-role women provided recurrent assessments of their physical activity, situational motivation, and positive affect in their everyday lives over a 14-day period. Specifically, measures were obtained at the three time points of interest (<em>i.e</em>., pre-, post-, 3-hours post-physical activity). The data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results showed that intrinsic motivation was related to post-physical activity positive affect while the influence of identified regulation appeared 3-hours post-physical activity. In addition, RPE, which was significantly predicted by levels of introjection, was more strongly associated with an increase in positive affect post-physical activity than three hours later. The theoretical implications of these findings <em>vis-à vis </em>SDT, namely in regards to a viable motivational sequence predicting the influence of physical activity on affective states, are discussed. The findings regarding the differential influences of RPE and motivational regulations carries applications for facilitating women&rsquo;s well-being.

The Perception of Exertion: A Social Psychophysiological Integration

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jack Rejeski
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Empirical Level

For years, physiologists and psychologists have attempted to elucidate the perceptual foundations of perceived exertion and in the process have identified several psychometric variables that mediate the self-report of this experience. Recently, cognitively oriented psychologists have begun to demonstrate that our social and physical environments play a significant role in the subjective ratings of effort expenditure. Additionally, as an offshoot of attribution theory, we are now aware that perceived exertion is a topic relevant to the domain of interpersonal as well as self-perception. The present paper, then, offers an integrative review on research and theory pertinent to the perception of exertion in sport and physical activity. The framework presented emerges largely at a conceptual rather than empirical level and provides several direct challenges for future study.

scholarly journals Competencies for a Healthy Physically Active Lifestyle: Second-Order Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Carl ◽  
Gorden Sudeck ◽  
Klaus Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Order Analysis

The physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO) model assumes that individuals require movement competence, control competence, and self-regulation competence to lead a healthy, physically active lifestyle. Although previous research has already established some measurement factors (n = 8) of the three dimensions, no attempts have so far been made to statistically aggregate them on the sub-competence level. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to test two additional factors for PAHCO and subsequently model the second-order structure with two samples from the fields of rehabilitation and prevention. We conducted two questionnaire surveys with persons with multiple sclerosis (n = 475) and teaching students undergoing a basic qualification course in physical education (n = 502). After performing exploratory items analysis, we used second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multidimensional scaling to investigate whether the scales could be bundled in accordance with the PAHCO model. The CFAs with 10 factors (42 items) demonstrated a good model fit. In contrast, the second-order analysis with a simple loading structure on the three sub-competencies revealed an unacceptable model fit. Instead, a second-order model variant was preferred [comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.926, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.048, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.065] in which body awareness and self-efficacy had theory-conform cross-loadings. The results of multidimensional scaling (two-dimensional solution) were in line with the extracted second-order structure. The present results suggested that the extension of the measurement instrument to 10 first-order factors was psychometrically justified for the two populations. The results from the second-order analyses provided the basis for the creation of sum scores, representing manifest indicators of movement competence, control competence, and self-regulation competence. Future studies are needed that cross-validate the extended measurement model with other populations and that relate the sub-competencies of PAHCO to indicators of health-enhancing physical activity.

scholarly journals Relations Between Autonomous Motivation and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Participation: The Mediating Role of Self-Regulation Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Nurmi ◽  
Martin S. Hagger ◽  
Ari Haukkala ◽  
Vera Araújo-Soares ◽  
Nelli Hankonen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Autonomous Motivation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Physical Activity Participation ◽  
Activity Participation ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Coping Planning

This study tested the predictive validity of a multitheory process model in which the effect of autonomous motivation from self-determination theory on physical activity participation is mediated by the adoption of self-regulatory techniques based on control theory. Finnish adolescents (N = 411, aged 17–19) completed a prospective survey including validated measures of the predictors and physical activity, at baseline and after one month (N = 177). A subsample used an accelerometer to objectively measure physical activity and further validate the physical activity self-report assessment tool (n = 44). Autonomous motivation statistically significantly predicted action planning, coping planning, and self-monitoring. Coping planning and self-monitoringmediated the effect of autonomous motivation on physical activity, although self-monitoring was the most prominent. Controlled motivation had no effect on self-regulation techniques or physical activity. Developing interventions that support autonomous motivation for physical activity may foster increased engagement in self-regulation techniques and positively affect physical activity behavior.

scholarly journals Solitude as an Approach to Affective Self-Regulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy-vy Thi Nguyen ◽  
Richard Ryan ◽  
Edward L. Deci
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
The Past ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Shed Light

In this research we showed that solitude generally has a deactivation effect on people’s affective experiences, decreasing both positive and negative high-arousal affects. In Study 1, we found that the deactivation effect occurred when people were alone, but not when they were with another person. Study 2 showed that this deactivation effect did not depend on whether or not the person was engaged in an activity such as a reading when alone. In Study 3, high-arousal positive affect did not drop in a solitude condition in which participants specifically engaged in positive thinking or when they actively chose what to think about. Finally, in Study 4, we found that solitude could lead to relaxation and reduced stress when individuals actively chose to be alone. This research thus shed light on solitude effects in the past literature, and on people’s experiences when alone and the different factors that moderate these effects.

Competencies for a Healthy Physically Active Lifestyle—Reflections on the Model of Physical Activity-Related Health Competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 688-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Carl ◽  
Gorden Sudeck ◽  
Klaus Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Health Competence ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Model Components

Background: The World Health Organization’s Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 states that physical activity interventions should strengthen peoples’ competencies for health. Yet, frameworks that bundle pivotal competencies for a healthy and physically active lifestyle have not been extensively discussed in the past. Results: In the present article, the authors therefore present the model of Physical Activity-related Health Competence (PAHCO), an integrative structure model including the 3 areas of movement competence, control competence, and self-regulation competence. After providing a rationale for the use of the competence concept, the authors focus on implications from the PAHCO model to guide interventions for the promotion of a healthy and physically active lifestyle. The authors argue that the PAHCO model is located at the interface between health literacy and physical literacy, research areas that have gained increasing scholarly attention in recent years. In addition, PAHCO appears to be compatible with the concept of health capability because it can represent the important aspect of agency. Conclusions: The article concludes with a scientific positioning of model components and some empirical results that have been accumulated so far.

scholarly journals How ‘The Daily Mile™’ works in practice: A process evaluation in a UK primary school

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Harris ◽  
Linda Jane Milnes ◽  
Gary Mountain
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
The Right

Over 75% children in the United Kingdom fail to achieve recommended levels of physical activity. Successful implementation of ‘The Daily Mile™’, a school-based physical activity intervention, could promote activity. We examined factors instrumental to replication and/or wider implementation of ‘The Daily Mile’ through application of a two phase multi-method process evaluation. Phase one: 75 children (mean age seven years eight months) from one East Midland primary academy trialled the intervention. Data collected were self-report logs, perceived exertion scores and structured observation. Phase two: a sub-sample of 18 stakeholders participated in focus groups which were analysed using framework method. Teachers delivered ‘The Daily Mile’ on 93.6% of school days. An average of 95.2% of students participated, 94.2% completed recommended 15 minutes, 94.3% to a moderate-to-vigorous level. Three themes emerged in focus groups; embedding ‘The Daily Mile’ into practice, creating the right physical environment and building relationships/promoting a supportive climate. With systematic organisation and planning, ‘The Daily Mile’ could emerge as an integrated means of increasing physical activity. A supportive climate and factors that promote resilience are key facilitators. Further research is needed to establish outcomes and cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Self-Regulatory Imagery and Physical Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Social-Cognitive Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Christina Kosteli ◽  
Jennifer Cumming ◽  
Sarah E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Efficacy Outcome ◽  
Exercise Imagery

Limited research has investigated exercise imagery use in middle-aged and older adults and its relationship with affective and behavioral correlates. The study examined the association between self-regulatory imagery and physical activity (PA) through key social cognitive variables. Middle-aged and older adults (N = 299; M age = 59.73 years, SD = 7.73, range = 50 to 80) completed self-report measures assessing self-regulatory imagery use, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, perceived barriers, self-regulatory behavior, enjoyment, and PA levels. Path analysis supported a model (χ² [14] = 21.76, p = .08, CFI = .99, TLI = .97, SRMR = .03, RMSEA = .04) whereby self-regulatory imagery positively predicted self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulatory behaviors. Furthermore, self-regulatory imagery indirectly predicted barriers, outcome expectations, self-regulation, enjoyment, and PA. This research highlights self-regulatory imagery as an effective strategy in modifying exercise-related cognitions and behaviors. Incorporating social cognitive constructs into the design of imagery interventions may increase PA engagement.

scholarly journals Competencies for a healthy physically active lifestyle: Second-order analysis and multidimensional scaling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Carl ◽  
Gorden Sudeck ◽  
Klaus Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Order Analysis ◽  
Two Samples

Abstract The model of physical activity-related health competence (PAHCO) assumes that individuals require movement competence, control competence, and self-regulation competence to lead a healthy, physically active lifestyle. Although previous research has already established some measurement factors (n = 8) of the three dimensions, no attempts have so far been made to statistically aggregate them on the sub-competence level. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to test two additional factors for PAHCO and subsequently model the second-order structure with two samples from the fields of rehabilitation and prevention. We conducted two questionnaire surveys with persons with multiple sclerosis (n = 475) and teaching students undergoing a basic qualification course in physical education (n = 502). After performing exploratory items analysis, we used second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multidimensional scaling to investigate whether the scales could be bundled in accordance with the PAHCO model. The CFAs with ten factors (42 items) demonstrated a good model fit. In contrast, the second-order analysis with a simple loading structure on the three sub-competencies revealed an unacceptable model fit. Instead, a second-order model variant was preferred (CFI = 0.926, RMSEA = 0.048, SRMR = 0.065) in which body awareness and self-efficacy had theory-conform cross-loadings. The results of multidimensional scaling (two-dimensional solution) were in line with the extracted second-order structure. The present results suggested that the extension of the measurement instrument to ten first-order factors was psychometrically justified. The results from the second-order analyses provided the basis for the creation of sum scores, representing manifest indicators of movement competence, control competence, and self-regulation competence. Future studies are needed that relate the sub-competencies of PAHCO to indicators of health-enhancing physical activity in relevant target Groups.

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